Izithwathwa ziza kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia, ukushisa nesomiso kwezinye, futhi izimvula zikhukhula okwesithathu. Ukungajwayelekile kwemvelo kuzokuthinta kanjani ukuvuna amazambane esikhathini esizayo kanye nesimo semakethe? Kulesi sihloko, umlobi wengosi kamagazini wethu wakhuluma nabakhiqizi bezolimo eNyakatho Caucasus, e-Urals, enkabeni yeRussia naseSiberia.
U-Yuri Ushakov, ipulazi labalimi u-Ushakov Yu. G., esifundeni sase-Stavropol
- Esikhathini esisha sonyaka, sandise kancane indawo engaphansi kwesitshalo. Kwakusele imbewu yamazambane, etshalwe ngoku-oda, kodwa engathengwanga amakhasimende ngenxa yezinkinga zomnotho, ngakho banquma ukuwasebenzisa.
Isimo sezulu asisihle nakulokhu. Phakathi no-May no-June kwaba nezimvula ezinamandla esifundeni, futhi kwaqala ukubola kwamazambane. Isonto lokuqala likaNtulikazi kwabe komile, kunomoya onamandla wasempumalanga, nawo osidalela inkinga enkulu. Singathemba kuphela isimo sezulu esipholile ngaphambi kokuphela kwehlobo, okuzovumela izilimo eziyizigaxa ukuba zithole isisindo futhi zenze isikhumba. Futhi ukuze ikwindla eyomile ivune ngesikhathi.
Izimo zezulu azizange zisivune iminyaka eminingana, futhi akunakwenzeka ukukhulisa amazambane okuqala. Sitholakala esifundeni sasePredgorny, engxenyeni esenyakatho yedolobhana laseBorgustan, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,2-1,4 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Intwasahlobo lapha kuyabanda, umhlabathi uthatha isikhathi eside ukufudumala, ngakho ukutshala izitshalo kuqala kamuva.
Ngo-2023, amazambane amasha avela kubahlinzeki bakwamanye amazwe ngokwesiko ayengawokuqala ukuvela esifundeni. Futhi-ke izakhamizi zaseKrasnodar zeza kithi ngobuningi, futhi namuhla imikhiqizo yazo imelelwa ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zendawo. Kule minyaka embalwa edlule, bekungakaze kube nentengo ngisho nesivuno sokuqala, futhi uma izilimo eziyizigaxa zaseGibhithe bezithengiswa ngama-ruble angama-50-60 ngekhilogremu ngayinye, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nama-80, manje izindleko eziphelele zamazambane zehle zaba ama-ruble angama-20.
Ngokubona kwami, isidingo sesiko siyaqhubeka nokwehla, ngakho-ke abathengisi baqala ukusebenza kakhulu. Baya e-Central Russia, lapho imikhiqizo yezolimo ishibhile ngenxa yokuncintisana okuphezulu, bese ibahambisa kuzo zonke izifunda. Manje kufanele sivumelanise inqubomgomo yethu yamanani kubo, ngoba asikwazi ukusebenza ndawonye nezitolo eziwuchungechunge, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuntuleka kwevolumu.
Ngonyaka odlule azikho izinkinga ngokusetshenziswa nhlobo; ziqale ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari 2023. Sathengisa amazambane ethu okugcina maphakathi no-April, ngemva kokuwahlela okwesithathu. Ngicabanga ukuthi sidinga ukuzilungiselela impinda yaleso simo, kodwa nakanjani sizokunqoba noma yibuphi ubunzima.
U-Elena Shubina, IP Shubina E. S., isifunda saseSverdlovsk
– Namuhla izimo zezitshalo zemifino namazambane zingabizwa ngokuthi ezamukelekayo. Kodwa sikhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi kuzokwenzekani ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Ngonyaka odlule, isimo sezulu sasilungele amazambane: izimvula ezingapheli nezinamandla, ukufudumala okuphakathi. Asikwazanga ukujabula kakhulu, ngoba isiko lalikhula kahle ngokuphawulekayo, futhi zazingekho izimpawu zenkathazo. Kwabe sekufika isomiso esikhulu. Kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kanye no-Agasti wonke akuzange kube khona ngisho nencane imvula. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kwanqamuka, futhi ekwindla ipulazi lavuna isivuno esilingana nesibizwa ngokuthi “uphizi.” Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi konke kujwayelekile kuze kube manje, kufanele siqaphele ekubikezelweni kwethu.
Amazambane asekuqaleni asevele ethengiswa esifundeni, ngokwazi kwami, kusukela esifundeni sase-Astrakhan kanye nesifunda saseKrasnodar. Amanani acishe afane nehlobo eledlule, akukho okuxakayo. Sihlela ukuqala ukumba izilimo eziyizigaxa zethu eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaSepthemba. Sikhathazekile futhi ukuthi sizoqala yini ukukhukhula phakathi nokuhlanza, njengoba ozakwethu bakwezinye izifunda babhekana nakho ngo-2022.
Ukuthengiswa kwamazambane esikhathini esizayo nakho kuyethusa. Angisafuni ukuyisa ingxenye yesivuno endaweni yokulahla udoti, ngoba ayikho indlela yokuyithengisa, ngisho nangenani elincane. Kubonakala sengathi akekho owayedinga le mikhiqizo ekwindla, noma ebusika, noma entwasahlobo. Ipulazi alinazo izivumelwano namaketanga okuthengisa; abaxhumanisi bakhombise ukungabi nantshisekelo okuphelele. Ozakwethu abavamile ebhizinisini, esasibadayisela imifino namazambane eminyakeni edlule, benqaba ukubambisana.
Nokho, asizange sinciphise indawo engaphansi kwezitshalo; siyishiye ezingeni elifanayo. Ngeke ngisho ukuthi silindele ukuphela okuhle kwesizini, kodwa akukhona nje ukuthi bathi: “Ithemba liyafa ekugcineni.”
Sihlala siqinile ngenxa yezinkathi eziyimpumelelo nezinenzuzo zika-2020/21 kanye neka-2021/22, lapho amanani aphezulu amazambane asinikeza imali enhle. Ngekhilogremu yemikhiqizo emakethe ye-wholesale, banikeze ama-ruble angu-30-40, futhi izimali ezibekwe eceleni bese zisivumela ukuthi siqhubeke nemisebenzi yethu. Kodwa-ke, asikwazi ukukhokhela izikweletu noma ukuzuza okukhulu, ngoba sisazi kahle isimo esikuso. Ngokwemiphumela yesizini edlule, umnotho usebenze waze wafika kuqanda noma wasusa kancane. Eminye iminyaka emibili noma emithathu enjengalena, futhi izinsiza zethu zizophela ngokuphelele, ngeke sikwazi ukuphila.
Vladislav Golubtsov, IP Golubtsov V. A., isifunda Smolensk
– Indawo engaphansi kwamazambane ayinyuswanga kulo nyaka. Okwamanje akukacaci ukuthi isimo sizoba njani ngokudayiswa, futhi umthamo wepulazi ogciniwe ulinganiselwe.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwesizini, besilokhu sintula kakhulu imvula, futhi izitshalo emasimini zizwa ngokusobala ukuntuleka komswakama. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasesitshalweni esikhulu - amazambane, kanye nalawo atshalwe ngokushintshanisa izitshalo.
Emasontweni amabili lapho kuhlangana khona u-June no-July, izimvula ezincane ezimbili kuphela ezinetha, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho sagcina ukuna kakhulu ngo-April 20. Okungukuthi, ngoMeyi futhi cishe wonke uJuni, isomiso saqhubeka nokushisa komoya emini ngaphezu kuka-25°C. Ezinye izitshalo zasentwasahlobo zazingenawo ngisho nomswakama owanele ukuze zihlume.
Ngonyaka odlule, isimo sezulu naso sasehlisa, kodwa ngendlela ehlukile. Lana ngoMeyi nangoJuni, kuyilapho uJulayi no-August kushisa kakhulu kungekho nhlobo imvula. Latheleka ngemva kuka-September 10, lapho kuqala ukuhlanza, futhi lokhu kwamane kwawenza waba nzima wonke umsebenzi wethu.
Sizothola ukuthi ungakanani umonakalo kumazambane ekupheleni kwesizini. Yebo, isivuno ngeke sisafana nangaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo zokukhula. Uma phakathi nengxenye yesibili yehlobo inhlabathi ithola inani elanele lomswakama, isimo singase siphume futhi ukulahlekelwa kuyoba kuncane.
Asikwazi ukuncintisana nabakhiqizi bokukhiqiza kusenesikhathi, futhi lapho amazambane emasimini ethu evuthwa, awasenawo ukuncintisana ngokukhethekile. Ngithengisa izilimo eziyizigaxa ekwindla, ikakhulukazi ngabalamuleli, futhi ngifaka cishe u-30% wevolumu ephelele endaweni yokugcina. Lesi yisikhwama sethu sembewu, kanye nalokho okubizwa ngesitoko sokuphepha. Uma ngabe imbewu ingagcini kahle noma ngihlela ukwandisa indawo engaphansi kwesitshalo.
Ukwenyuka kwevolumu yokukhiqiza kuya ku-5-15% kungenzeka uma ukuthengiswa kwesivuno sangaphambili samazambane kuphumelela. Isibonelo, ngizoqonda ukuthi sinemali eyanele yokwakha enye inqolobane. Umthamo owengeziwe wokugcina onikeza ipulazi ithuba lokukhula. Futhi, ezinye izindlela ezintsha, ezithakazelisayo zokusekela umbuso zingasebenza njengokwanda kwezindawo zamazambane. Kodwa lapha kuziphathimandla ukuthi ziyafuna yini ukusiza abakhiqizi bezolimo.
U-Pavel Shadrin, Ibhizinisi Lokulima Lokulima u-Shadrin P.I., i-Altai Territory
- Esifundeni sakithi, isimo sezulu asifaki isandla ekutheni abalimi bathole isivuno esihle. Kwaba nesomiso esibi entwasahlobo nasenyangeni yokuqala yasehlobo. Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kuphela lapho izimvula ezivamile zaba khona, zimanzisa inhlabathi. Isizini ka-2022 ibe yimpumelelo kakhulu kulokhu, kodwa sizokwazi ukuqhathanisa iminyaka emibili yokugcina kuphela ekwindla, ngemva kokuqedwa kokuvuna.
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu, wonke amazambane ethu okuqala angeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeRussia. Inqubomgomo yentengo, kubonakala kimi, ihluka kancane kusukela ngonyaka odlule.
Ukuthengiswa kwamazambane endawo kuqala ngoSepthemba, futhi ngithengisa imikhiqizo yami ngosizo lwabaxhumanisi. Cishe ingxenye yesivuno ithengiswa phakathi nenyanga yokuqala, kanti enye igcinwa kuze kube yilapho imakethe inikeza izimo ezingcono. Ngizama ukuqeda ukuthengisa ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo ukuze ngilungiselele ngokugcwele isizini entsha.
Epulazini lami, indawo engaphansi kwezitshalo isalokhu injalo, njengabatshali bamazambane abaningi esifundeni. Kodwa, ngokubona kwami, akekho olindele ukuthi ngo-2023 imboni engaphansi izobonisa imiphumela engcono kunonyaka odlule. Kungenjalo, isimo singase siziphinde, futhi sithatha lokhu ngomoya ophansi. Umkhakha wezolimo unjalo - umsebenzi omningi kanye nezingozi eziningi.
Umbono wesazi:
Alexey Krasilnikov, Umqondisi Omkhulu we-Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants of Russia (Potato Union)
– Indawo eyabelwe izitshalo zemifino ezweni lakithi yahlala isezingeni lesizini edlule. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation ekupheleni kukaJuni, kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-305 ahlelelwe unyaka wamanje, kwatshalwa amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300 wamazambane. Uma sidweba ukufana no-2022, le volumu yanele ukuhlinzeka abantu ngale mikhiqizo.
Ukuvunwa kwamazambane kusenesikhathi eningizimu yeRussia kuqhubeka ngokohlelo olujwayelekile. Abakhiqizi abavela ezifundeni zaseKuban, eStavropol, e-Astrakhan, eRostov naseVolgograd bakulungele ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yabo nasezifundeni ezikude kakhulu. Asikuboni ukungalingani kwamanani, futhi kuze kube manje izindleko zamazambane zihlala zingaphakathi kwemingcele yesici sonyaka odlule.
Imikhiqizo evela esifundeni sase-Kherson, okusolwa ukuthi yabangela ukwehla kwentengo ngo-2022, ingatholakala emashalofini namuhla. Kodwa cishe akufanele ukulindela ukungeniswa kwemifino emikhulu, ikakhulukazi amazambane, evela ezifundeni ezintsha zaseRussia. Ngokuphambene, ngezindleko zabo, abanye abakhiqizi bazothola amathuba engeziwe okuthengisa izimpahla zabo.
Ngokuqondene namazambane angenisiwe, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusuka e-Egypt kuya eRussia kwehliswe ngesigamu kulo nyaka. Isizathu kwakuyizimo eziqondile, kodwa lokhu kwavumela abalimi bamazambane basekhaya ukuthi bathole isabelo esikhulu semakethe.
Izimo zezulu ezingezinhle ngokungangabazeki zizothinta imiphumela yesizini ezayo. Uma izinkinga zesimo sezulu ziqhubeka kuze kube yilapho isivuno ngokwaso, futhi abalimi bengasitholi isivuno esihle, lokhu kungase kube kuhle. Khona-ke amanani entengo yemikhiqizo yezolimo angaba phezulu, futhi inzuzo inxephezela abakhiqizi ngenzuzo elahlekile ngenxa yokwehla kwesamba sokuvuna.
U-Irina Berg