U-Alexander Skvortsov, iNhloko yoMnyango Wezamazambane, I-SumiAgro ERussia
Ngo-2021, izifunda eziningi ezitshala amazambane zahlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemvula, ngaphandle kokuthola isivuno esikhulu. Lesi sikhathi sonyaka siphinde sabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okuvela ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo kuphela ngokusungulwa kokunisela.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zasensimini, okusanhlamvu okufanayo, amazambane akhulayo kudinga izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu kuzo zonke izingxenye zobuchwepheshe - izinto zokutshala, umanyolo, njll.
Kodwa ukwethulwa kokunisela kuzodinga indlela ecophelelayo yokwakha uhlelo lokuvikela izitshalo epulazini. Kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukulahla amalungiselelo angakwazi ukumelana noma angamelani ngokwanele nemvula, ukuze ungaqageli ngokuthi yimaphi amaphesenti enhlanganisela ye-mancozeb noma yethusi eyosala phezu kwamaqabunga anesilinganiso esithile sokufafazwa. Uhlelo lokuvikela izifo kanye nezinambuzane ezingabangela umonakalo omkhulu wezomnotho akufanele luqukathe noma yikuphi "uma", ikakhulukazi njengoba kunenani elanele lemikhiqizo emakethe evumela ukuthi wenze lokhu.
Ngakho-ke, enye indlela enhle kakhulu yama-fungicides asuselwa ku-mancozeb (njengoba, kusukela ngo-2021 le nto esebenzayo ivinjelwe emazweni amaningi aseYurophu) ingaba umuthi omusha ovela kumkhiqizi waseJapan wemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo iSumiAgro - Elektis D.®, eklanyelwe ukuvikela amazambane namagilebhisi ekulimaleni okuphuzile kanye nesikhutha.
Enhliziyweni yomuthi kunento entsha yokuthintana ne-zoxamide. I-Zoxamide inokuhlobana okuhlukile (ukuhlobana) kwama-wax emifino, okunikeza ukumelana nemvula okuphezulu kakhulu.
Le nto ayizange isetshenziswe ngaphambili kumazambane, inomshini wokusebenza ohlukile kuma-molecule amaningi e-fungicidal: iphazamisa inqubo ye-mitosis ku-nuclei yeseli. I-Zoxamide isebenza kuma-zoospores ngemva kokuqala kokuhluma kwawo, imise ukunwebeka kwamashubhu okukhula. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi le molecule iphinde iphazamise ukwakheka okuvamile kwama-zoospores e-zoosporangia, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele i-epiphytoty "ehlumeni".
Ingxenye yesibili ye-Electis D® - i-dimethomorph - into eguquguqukayo ephazamisa ukukhula kwezindonga zamaseli we-pathogen, inomphumela wokwelapha (wokwelapha). Zonke lezi zici zinikeza umsebenzi wokuxhumana-translaminar wesikhunta i-Elektis D®, ikwenze ibaluleke kakhulu ekuniseleni futhi kube enye indlela enhle kakhulu emikhiqizweni equkethe i-mancozeb noma izinhlanganisela zethusi. Ngizokwengeza ukuthi le fungicide isetshenziswa emhlabeni ngenani elikhulu kakhulu lezitshalo - ngokuyinhloko imifino, njengo-anyanisi (lapho ukuhlobana kwemifino yemifino kubaluleke kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye indawo), ikhukhamba ngisho ne-ulethisi.
Ngiyaqaphela futhi ukuthi, uma kucatshangelwa lesi sidakamizwa, iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo weSumiKartofel (SumiAgro) ihlanganisa ama-foliar fungicides ayisithupha, amahlanu awo akhiqizwa ekwenziweni okuwuketshezi, amane amelana nokuwashwa: kufaka phakathi umkhiqizo onezakhiwo zesistimu Consento.® (fenamidone + propamocarb hydrochloride), contact-translaminar Mixanil® (chlorothalonil + cymoxanil), Ranman®Phezulu (cyazofamide).
Ukukhulisa amazambane ngaphansi kokunisela kuphoqa amapulazi ukuthi abeke izidingo ezengeziwe ekuvikelweni kwe-herbicide - kufanele kube okuthembekile futhi kube isikhathi eside.
Mayelana nalokhu, ngiphakamisa ukunaka enye into entsha ye-SumiAgro - Akebono herbicide.®, eyenzelwe ngqo imakethe yaseRussia. Umkhiqizo uzotholakala ukuze udayiswe ekuqaleni kuka-2022, kodwa kuze kube manje kuphela ngemvume yokusetshenziswa ku-rapeseed kanye nobhontshisi wesoya (umuthi uzothola ukubhaliswa ukuze usetshenziswe kumazambane ngo-2023).
Akebono® iqukethe ekubunjweni kwayo i-clomazone ne-C-metalochlor, ehlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okhulani lwaminyaka yonke lwe-dicotyledonous kanye nokusanhlamvu (kuhlanganise ne-bedstraw, i-gauze, izinhlobo zezintaba, i-nightshade, edala izinkinga eziningi lapho kukhula amazambane). Zombili izingxenye ze-herbicide (futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke i-clomazone) ziqukethwe ngenani elanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawula okuphelele kokhula, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezilimo ezitshalwe entwasahlobo elandelayo. Ngakho-ke, i-SumiAgro inikeza isibulala-magciwane esisha esiyisisekelo esinazo zonke izimfanelo zokwakha isisekelo sohlelo olusebenzayo lokulawula ukhula lwamazambane.
Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi okwamanje emapulazini aseRussia, njengomthetho, enye yezinhlelo ezimbili ezivamile zokuvikela amazambane ezisebenzisa inhlabathi isetshenziswa: ngokusekelwe ku-metribuzin, noma ngokusekelwe ku-prosulfocarb ne-prometrin. Eyokuqala ayifanele wonke umuntu: izinhlobo eziningi zokucubungula izimboni zivinjelwe yile nto, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-metribuzin inomphumela ezitshalweni ezilandelayo. Ububi obukhulu bohlelo lwesibili yizindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zemithi.
Akebono® inazo zonke izimfuneko ukuze ube inketho yesithathu ethembekile: umuthi awunawo umthelela omubi ezinhlobonhlobo ezingazinzile, awunamingcele ekujikelezeni kokushintshanisa izitshalo, uyonga. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-metribuzin, izingxenye zomuthi wokubulala ukhula waseJapane zizovikela kangcono okhulani lotshani, zilawule i-nightshade nezinhlobo zezintaba. Ikakhulukazi, i-clomazone igcinwa kangcono yizinto eziphilayo zenhlabathi futhi ayihambi kancane ngesikhathi semvula noma ukuchelela ngobuningi, futhi inesigamu sempilo ende futhi, ngokufanele, isenzo eside.
Umuthi Akebono® kuyoba yinto enokwethenjelwa ekwakhiweni kokuvikelwa kwamazambane ngokumelene nokhula kanye nenye indlela enhle kakhulu yamalungiselelo asetshenzisiwe kakade.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukusho ukuthi umugqa womkhiqizo we-SumiKartofel uvuselelwa njalo ngemikhiqizo emisha. Ngaphezu komvikeli wePrestige®, ama-fungicides, ama-herbicides neminye imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, ihlanganisa nesethi ephelele yezakhi - izilungisi zomsoco wamaminerali. Ngesizini ka-2022, izophinde yengezwe kakhulu ngemikhiqizo emisha ezothuthukisa ikhwalithi nokugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Kodwa lesi yisihloko sokuthunyelwe okuhlukile.