Ukuvunwa kweklabishi ngomshini kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa eRussia eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, kubuyisela futhi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obukhohliwe kanye nezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukiswe isayensi yasekhaya, kubika Isazi se-APK.
Lapho uvuna iklabishi, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi amakhanda, kodwa ungawavuna ngokuhlanganisa nokutshala okuhlelekile kahle ukuze amakhanda aqonde futhi abe nobukhulu obufanayo. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, izimoto zabathuthukisi basekhaya ziye zangena emasimini eklabishi. Sizokhuluma ngabo.
Isivuni seklabishi i-MKK-1 yakhelwe izimo zaseRussia, ikhiqizwa ngobuningi futhi isizikhombisile ukuthi iwumshini osebenzayo futhi onenzuzo, njengoba ukuvunwa kwesivuno esithengiswayo kufinyelela ku-98%. Indlela yokuvuna amakhanda eklabishi imi kanje. Lapho lisebenza, iyunithi yokuvuna (ugandaganda onenhlanganisela) ihamba eduze nengxenye yensimu evuniwe, iqondise umshini wokusika eduze komugqa weklabishi. Iziphakamisi ze-cutterbar ziphakamisa futhi ziqondise amaklabishi ngaphansi kwe-conveyor ecindezelayo, lapho ehlelwa khona, agxilwe futhi asikwe. Amakhanda asikiwe namaqabunga axegayo athunyelwa ngamaconveyor angaphandle kanye nokucindezela ku-bulkhead cutter conveyor. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaqabunga amaningi amahhala ahlukaniswa nokugeleza ngesihlukanisi samaqabunga e-roller futhi alahlwe phansi. Izinhloko zeklabishi zihlolwa ku-conveyor ye-bulkhead. Izisebenzi zikhetha iziqu ezineziphunzi ezinde namaqabunga e-rosette zizifake emigodini yomshini wokusika, lapho ziphinde zisikwe lapho zihlangana nommese ongenzi lutho. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaqabunga e-rosette ayakhululwa emakhanda, futhi iziqu ezisikiwe zigoqa phansi ngethreyi. Khona-ke amakhanda eklabishi namaqabunga amahhala akhiwe aya ku-elevator yenduku, lapho amaqabunga aphinde ahlolwe khona, futhi izinhloko zeklabishi zithunyelwa ukuthunyelwa. Izinhloko zeklabishi zithunyelwa ngomkhumbi wokuvuna iklabishi ngendlela eyongayo: okokuqala, endaweni ethambile eguquguqukayo yefomu emise okwe-trough, efakwe kusetshenziswa irack ekhethekile endaweni yemoto ngaphezu kweziqukathi ezikhishwayo. Izisebenzi, njengoba zisesiteji, zithatha amakhanda eklabishi phansi futhi ziwafake ezitsheni, eziqondise iziphunzi emaceleni. Ngemva kokugcwalisa iziqukathi, imoto ithunyelwa endaweni yokugcina izinto, lapho, ngokusebenzisa i-forklift, iziqukathi ezilayishwe amakhanda eklabishi zithathelwa indawo ezingenalutho, zishiya phansi okuthambile okuguquguqukayo nokuma endaweni yesikhulumi somjikelezo olandelayo womsebenzi. Idizayini yesivuni ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanze amakhanda eklabishi ngqo ensimini. Amakhanda eklabishi asuke esezitsheni ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokugcinwa kwawo avikelekile ekulimaleni kwemishini.Izinhloko zeklabishi zifakwa ezitsheni ngesandla, ezineziqu ezibheke emaceleni, ukuze zingalimazani ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
I-MKK-2 iyisivuni seklabishi esithuthukisiwe nesikhudlwana. Umgomo wokusebenza uyafana, kodwa kunenani lokuthuthukiswa. Amakhanda eklabishi angalayishwa emzimbeni ngobuningi, ezitsheni ezihlukene nangokupakishwa ngokucophelela. Ukusevisa umshini, futhi kuye ngezidingo, kudingeka abantu aba-2 kuye kwabayisi-6.
I-MKK yokuvuna iklabishi emincane yochungechunge lokuqala nelesibili iklanyelwe ukuvuna iklabishi elimhlophe elisuka ku-10 kuya ku-35 cm ububanzi, litshalwe ngokuhlukana kwemigqa engu-70-75 cm, futhi lilayishe ezimotweni ezihamba ngokuhambisana nenhlanganisela.
Isivuni seklabishi esinezinhlobonhlobo eziningi siwusheshise kakhulu futhi wenziwe lula umsebenzi wabalimi. Entwasahlobo ka-2022, iqembu lososayensi abavela ku-Faculty of Engineering yaseChuvash State Agrarian University bathola ilungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa okwandisa ukusebenza kahle komshini wokuvuna iklabishi: lapho esetshenziswa ku-cutterbar yokuvuna iklabishi, amaqabunga eklabishi awakwenzi. buthelela. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngenxa yokuthi isidluliseli esikude seyunithi yokusika senziwe saba mncane kuneseyili ye-elastic clamping conveyor, futhi isigubhu saso esiphambuka esiphansi sanikezwa ama-flange angavumeli ibhande ukuthi lihambe.
Izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezisunguliwe nezinelungelo lobunikazi zikhuphule izinga lobuchwepheshe lomshini, manje osehluke kakhulu kozakwabo basekhaya nabangaphandle. Ukuthembeka kuqinisekiswa izindawo zokusebenza ezi-oscillating, ezibonakala ngamandla amakhulu nokumelana nokugqoka. Ukuphothulwa kwamakhanda eklabishi kuwo kwenziwa ngomshini. Amakhanda athunyelwa iphuzu ngephuzu ngendlela yokonga, njengoba ethunyelwa ezitsheni ezimweni eziminyene, okunciphisa umonakalo wazo futhi kuqede imithelela emaphethelweni eziqukathi. Inhlanganisela i-multivariate, ingashintshwa ukuze ihambisane nezimo ezithile ze-agrotechnical kanye nokukhiqiza. Isebenzisa insimbi ephansi engu-900 kg, ikhono eliphezulu lokunqamula izwe kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Isivuni esithuthukiswe yithi singahlangabezana kanye nezidingo zezinhlobonhlobo zabathengi ngokucushwa okufanelekile kwamamojula okuvuna, okuzuzisa ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni.
Isivuni seklabishi esiyisibonelo sesiphumelele ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwabavuni abanjalo kuzovumela abalimi bemifino ukuba bakhulise inzuzo yokukhiqiza iklabishi, abalobi benothi lokusungulwa.
Isivuni seklabishi i-KPK-1 sivuna umugqa owodwa weklabishi, elinywe endaweni yesikhala semigqa engu-70 cm, endaweni eyisicaba futhi enephrofayili, lapho kuphothulwa amakhanda ngesikhathi sokuvuna afinyelele esimweni esithengiswayo bese elayishwa ezitsheni noma ezimotweni ezihamba ngokuhambisana. hlanganisa. Inhlanganisela ikhiqiza ukulahlwa kwamakhanda amancane eklabishi angajwayelekile. Ukuqedwa okuyingxenye kwamakhanda eklabishi kwenziwa ngu-opharetha. Isici esihlukile somvuni ukwakheka okukhethekile kwesistimu yokushayela yemizimba esebenzayo. Zonke izinqubo zobuchwepheshe zokuvuna: indlela elandelanayo, ukuphakamisa, ukwehlisa i-cutter, ukuthutha impahla, kulawulwa umshayeli kagandaganda esebenzisa isilawuli kude esifakwe kukhebhu kagandaganda.