U-Irina Berg
KUYAZIWA KAHLE UKUTHI IZIMALI ZOKUTSHALA UKUZE KUBE ESIDE INDLELA IQINISO LOKUVUNA OKUZAYO. KODWA Okuhlangenwe nakho KUKHOMBISA UKUTHI NGISHO NGEZIKHATHI EZIZINnzile AKUSIBO BONKE ABALIMI BAMAZAMBATO ABAKWAZI UKUCHITHA EZWENI ELIHLE KAKHULU. FUTHI NGEMVA KONYAKA NJENGONYAKA Odlule, INANI LABALIMI ABATHENGA AMA-ELITE NOMA OKUQALA OKUKHISHWA NGESIKHATHI ESILANDELAYO LIYEHLA KUPHELA.
AMATHUBA AMASHA
Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthengwa kwezinto zembewu, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu, kwakungenakufinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu.
- Ngenxa yokushoda kwezimali, ipulazi alikwazanga ukuthenga inani elidingekayo lembewu iminyaka eminingana, - kugcizelela inhloko ye-KFH UVladimir Shipiguzov (Perm Territory). - Izinkinga zesimo sezulu ngo-2022, isivuno esincane kanye nobunzima bokuthengisa kwandisa isimo. Unyaka onenhlekelele ngempela awuzange usivumele ukuthi silungiselele ngokugcwele isizini entsha futhi sithenge konke esingathanda ukuba nakho.
Ngokuvamile abakhiqizi basiza ozakwabo, bathengise imbewu ngesaphulelo esikhulu, ngezitolimende noma ngenkokhelo ehlehlisiwe.
- Ipulazi lethu alikhiqizi amazambane nje kuphela, kodwa namazambane athengiswayo., - kusho inhloko ye-KFH Boris Panteleev (isifunda saseLeningrad). - Cishe amathani angu-400 embewu yesivuno esisha kwadingeka kubolekwe abantu bakubo, ababengakwazi ukukhokha ngaso leso sikhathi. Sivumelene ngokuthi inkokhelo izotholwa ekwindla, kodwa akwaziwa noma bazokwazi yini ukuyibuyisela yonke le mali ngesikhathi..
Ukwehla kwesidingo sembewu kwaqinisekiswa abakhiqizi bayo, futhi abanye babo sebebala ukulahlekelwa ekuqaleni kwesizini.
- Sisebenza ezindaweni eziningana, - kusho inhloko ye-KFH "Egorsha" Egor Berezovsky (Isifunda saseTula), - okuhlanganisa ukuthengiswa kwezinto zokutshala kubahlali basehlobo kanye nokudayiswa kwemikhiqizo emincane yokupakisha. Kube nokwehla okuphawulekayo kwesidingo esivela kule ngxenye yamakhasimende. Esinye sezizathu ukuthi ezinkampanini ezizimele ngo-2022 bathola isivuno esihle, okusele banquma ukutshala. Mayelana namaqoqo amakhulu embewu, isidingo esizinzile siphawulwe kubaprosesa. Kodwa lapha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ekwindla noma entwasahlobo abazange babe nobunzima ngokudayiswa kwemikhiqizo, njengabakhiqizi bamazambane. Futhi yebo, amanani abephezulu kakhulu.
Abadlali bezimakethe ezinkulu bakwazile ukugcina izikhundla zabo ngenxa yobudlelwano bebhizinisi osunesikhathi eside busungulwe kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuncintisana.
- Ngenxa yamanani aphansi amazambane etafula, abanye abakhiqizi baseRussia babhekana nokushoda kwezimali, futhi ukuthengwa kwezinto zembewu kwaba yinto engenakwenzeka., - iphetha inhloko yomnyango wezohwebo we-Doka-Gene Technologies LLC Edward Oreshkin (Isifunda saseMoscow). - Siyazi kumakhasimende ukuthi kunezimbewu eziningi eziyinkinga emakethe, yingakho sizwile ukuthutheleka kwama-oda esikhathini sangaphambi kokutshala. Imbewu yekhwalithi ephezulu inezindleko eziphakeme, okubangelwa ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zangempela zokutshala, ukugcinwa nokulungisa. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye enkulu, abalimi ababehlose imiphumela ephezulu babekulungele lokhu. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sembewu ye-elite sahlala siphezulu.
KUSUKA KU-SUPERELITE UKUYA…
Umagazini kamagazini wawulungiselelwa ukunyatheliswa phakathi nenkathi yasentwasahlobo. Abalimi bamazambane batshela ngokuqondile emasimini ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhethelwe ukutshalwa nokuthi yiziphi izimbewu ezikhiqizwayo abazithandayo.
- Naphezu kwabo bonke ubunzima, sisebenzise kuphela ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, - amanothi Boris Panteleev. - Isibonelo, lapho kutshalwa izinhlobonhlobo ze-Red Scarlett, bathatha i-elite kanye ne-super-elite, i-Charoite - i-elite, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Colomba, i-Primabelle, i-Bettina - ukukhiqizwa kokuqala.»
- Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu ephansi kakhulu engicabanga ukuyitshala esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, - lena yi-elite kanye nokukhiqizwa kokuqala, - iqinisekisa umqondisi we-OPH "Dary Ordynska" LLC Shakir Suleymanov (Isifunda saseNovosibirsk). - Sisebenza ngamaketanga ezitolo, ngakho-ke izidingo zemikhiqizo yethu ziphezulu kakhulu. Akunangqondo ukutshala imbewu yezinga eliphakathi, ngoba ngenxa yalokho sizothola isivuno esifanayo, mhlawumbe ngisho nezifo kanye nesethulo esikude kabi. Kusizini entsha, sikhethe izinhlobo zamazambane angaphambi kwesikhathi nasekuqaleni: Colomba, Gala, Rosara, Riviera, Arizona. Futhi ama-chips: BP 808, Lady Claire.
- Sinezinhlobo ezimbili - i-Red Scarlett ne-Gala, - kuchaza UVladimir Shipiguzov, - kodwa kulokhu imbewu ivame ukuzala okwesithathu. Ngo-2022, ukuze sethule amazambane e-Rodrigue ekukhiqizeni, sathenga imbewu enhle, esezingeni eliphezulu yokukhiqiza kabusha kwesibili. Kodwa yonke imizamo yethu yaba yize, ngoba ngenxa yesomiso esikhulu, asizange sithole isivuno salolu hlobo.
AMAPHUTHA ASEBALA
Ezikhathini ezinzima, abalimi balindele usizo lukahulumeni ukuze behlise izindleko zokusebenza. Ukubasiza, izindlela zokusekela zinikezwa njengengxenye yokuqaliswa kwe-Subprogram "Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhetha nokukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane e-Russian Federation" ye-Federal Scientific and Technical Programme for Development of Agriculture for 2017-2030 (FSTP).
IKomidi le-Agro-Industrial and Fishery Complex esifundeni saseLeningrad libike ukuthi lesi sifunda sisebenzela iphrojekthi ephelele yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe "Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane asekhaya athembisayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuvikela amazambane avela ku-rhizoctonia nge-microbial yasekhaya. amalungiselelo”. Phakathi nokusetshenziswa kwayo, i-AgroInter LLC ikhiqiza imbewu yezambane elite yezinhlobo ezintsha zasekhaya i-Charoit ne-Gusar. Ngo-2021, enye indlela yokwesekwa kombuso yavela ngendlela yesinxephezelo sama-70% ezindleko kubathengi bembewu yamazambane afuywe ekhaya ekhiqizwe ngaphansi kwe-FSTP.
Kakade ngesizini elandelayo, 840 XNUMX ruble abelwe isabelomali sesifunda for ipulazi abalimi Boris Panteleev lezi zinhloso.
- Sibekela eceleni amahektha ayi-10-12 kumazambane okuqala, kwengeza umlimi futhi ngokutshala kwayo ngo-2022, bathenga amathani angama-30 embewu yohlobo lweCharoit. Ngemva konyaka, baphinda lokhu kuhlola ngezinhlobonhlobo zeGusar, bathenga amathani angu-37 embewu ngethemba lokubuyiselwa kwezindleko ngamaphesenti angu-70. Yiqiniso, izinkokhelo ezinjalo ezivela kuhulumeni zisiza abalimi. Kodwa uma imikhiqizo yethu ibinikezwa inani elifanele, besizokwenza ngaphandle kokusekelwa.
Esifundeni saseMoscow, i-Ozyory JSC, i-FH SeDeK LLC, i-Doka-Gennye Tekhnologii LLC ihileleke ekusetshenzisweni kohlelo oluncane lwe-FSTP. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo Nokudla wakulesi sifunda, ngo-2022, ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi balezi zinkampani, kwabhaliswa izinhlobo ezi-4 zamazambane. Ngesizini edlule, u-70% wezindleko zokuthengwa kwezinto zokutshala zohlobo lwe-Flamingo zibuyiselwe kusabelomali sesifunda yi-Yemelyanov Enterprise JSC. Isamba soxhaso safinyelela cishe kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-749,5.
Kodwa-ke, kuvele ukuthi kwezinye izifunda zezwe, lapho abahleli bephephabhuku befaka isicelo, lolu hlobo lokusekelwa alusebenzi, kusolakala ukuthi kungenxa yokuntuleka kwabantu abazimisele ukukuthola.
- Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ugijima amasonto ambalwa, uchithe isikhathi esiningi, uqoqe inqwaba yamadokhumenti, futhi ngeke nje unikeze imali, - uthi ngokuzisola Egor Berezovsky. - Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho ufaka isicelo somxhaso, umbandela wokukhokhwa kwawo uyavezwa: “Uma izimali zebhajethi zikhona.” Okungukuthi, awuqinisekisiwe lutho kusengaphambili. Ngizibonele lokhu ngokwami, ngaxoxa ngalesi sihloko izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa nabathengi bembewu yethu. Ngicabanga ukuthi abaningi abasakholelwa ekusekelweni kukahulumeni, ngakho-ke abasifaki isicelo.
- Kudinga umzamo omkhulu ukuthola uxhaso., - vuma Edward Oreshkin. - Akuzona zonke izihloko zaseRussia ezakhe ngokusobala izimo zokuhlinzekwa kwazo, kunezithiyo ze-bureaucratic. Ukwesekwa kombuso ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-FSTP kuxhaswa ngesabelomali sezifunda, kodwa akusiyo ngayinye yazo enethuba lokwaba izimali zalesi siqondiso. Inkampani yethu, eyilungu le-Federal Scientific and Technical Programme for Development of Potato Breeding and Seed Production ka-2017-2030, izama ukusiza amakhasimende ehlise umthwalo wawo wezezimali. Iningi labo lisebenzisa ngempumelelo ithuba lokuthola uxhaso, kodwa indlela yalo kusadingeka ithuthukiswe.
- Lolu hlobo lokusekelwa kufanele lube yisikhuthazo esihle kubalimi bamazambane basekhaya., uyaqiniseka Shakir Suleymanov. - Kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali ukuthengwa kwezimbewu ezikhiqiza kakhulu, lokhu kuzozuzisa yonke imboni. Futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, izofaka isandla ekuqhubekiseni ukuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo yokubuyisela esikhundleni. Kodwa abalimi balindele ukusekelwa kombuso ukuze bahlale besebenza empilweni yangempela. ukuphila, hhayi nje ephepheni.
KWASEKHAYA
Isilinganiso sokusekelwa sikahulumeni, esiklanyelwe ukuvusa intshisekelo ezinhlobonhlobo zasekhaya, asikakaholeli ezinguqukweni ezibalulekile emakethe. Kodwa isabelo samazambane atshaliwe okukhethwa kweRussia sisakhula.
- Njalo ngonyaka sinciphisa ukuthengiswa kwembewu yezinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe, iqinisekisa ukuthambekela Edward Oreshkin. - Manje sekungama-35% kuphela wevolumu yokuthengisa, ezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10-12 ngesizini ngayinye. Ukushintshela ezinhlotsheni ezifuywayo, okuvunyelwa ukufunwa kwabalimi, kuyisu lenkampani yethu. Abakhiqizi bamazambane amatafula bahlale beqapha impumelelo yakamuva yokuzalanisa evela emakethe, beyihlola emapulazini abo. Sekuyiminyaka eminingana siqaphela ukwanda kwesithakazelo ezinhlotsheni zaseRussia, futhi namuhla uPrime, Flamingo kanye noCarmen bathatha izikhundla eziholayo emgqeni womkhiqizo wethu mayelana nokuthengisa.
- Kusukela ngo-2018, besikhula imbewu ye-elite yezinhlobonhlobo zetafula i-Varyag, - Uyakhuluma Egor Berezovsky, - ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaprosesa aseRussia. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele, ngaphezu kwezinhloso zokudla, kufanelekile ukukhiqizwa kwamafrimu aseFrance.
- Sesineminyaka engaphezu konyaka sitshala iCharoit neGusar, uthi Boris Panteleev, - futhi ngokumelene nesizinda sezinhlobonhlobo zakwamanye amazwe, bazibonakalisa ohlangothini oluhle. Kodwa uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ngizosho ukuthi ukukhetha okunjalo kungenxa yethuba lokuthola uxhaso oluningi oluvela kuhulumeni. Kucatshangelwa isinxephezelo sengxenye yezindleko zokuthengwa kwembewu kanye nezakhiwo zabathengi bezinhlobonhlobo, zingifanela kahle.
- Sekuyisikhathi eside sakhula Inhlanhla, kodwa eminyakeni embalwa nje isidingo sayo sehle kakhulu, ngoba inyama yezilimo eziyizigaxa iba mnyama lapho iphekiwe., wabelana ngolwazi UVladimir Shipiguzov. - Ngonyaka odlule kwadingeka ngiyilahle, nakuba izinhlobonhlobo ziyamangalisa, ngizithandile, kuhlanganise nesivuno. Isidingo sezinhlobo ezifuywayo ezivela kumthengi wokugcina kufanele sihlale siphezulu, khona-ke amapulazi amaningi azobe ezimisele kakhulu ukutshala amazambane anjalo.
- Sithanda kakhulu ukuzalanisa amazambane aseRussia, - izimangalo Shakir Suleymanov, - Ngicabanga ukuthi ngonyaka ozayo okungenani i-30-40% yembewu izoba izinhlobo zasekhaya. Into eyinhloko ukuthi banezibuyekezo ezinhle ezivela kwabanye abakhiqizi, futhi kufanele bazibonise befanelekile ezimweni zesimo sezulu saseSiberia. Makungabikho sivuno okwamanje, njengezinhlobonhlobo zakwamanye amazwe, kodwa singaqiniseka esikhathini esizayo. Isidingo sokuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yaseRussia sekudlule isikhathi eside, abalimi bamazambane badinga ukugxila ezinhlobonhlobo ezidalwe abalimi bethu. Kubalulekile ukuthi iRussia ibe nembewu yayo esezingeni eliphezulu ukuze sikwazi ukuvuna izitshalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sepolitiki sinjani.
EVULWINI SIYABALA
Ukwenqaba kwabalimi bamazambane ekuthengeni imbewu yokukhiqiza okuphezulu ngeke kube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu kwikhwalithi yesivuno esizayo. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, abalimi bakhathazekile ngethemba lokuphinda isimo sangonyaka odlule.
- Akukho okuhle okulindeleke ngesizini entsha, - iphakamisa Egor Berezovsky, - ngoba kusagcwele amazambane emakethe.
Abangakwazanga ukuyidayisa balungiselela ukuya esigodini kuze kufike ku-500, noma ngaphansi kwamathani ayinkulungwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayaqhubeka nokungenisa imikhiqizo evela phesheya iye ezweni, isibonelo, muva nje kube khona ukudiliva okuvela eGibhithe. U-2023 uzothela, kuzophinde kube nenhlekelele. Kuzoba yisivuno esibi, isimo samanani sizophuma, kodwa nalapho ngeke sithole inzuzo ephezulu embonini.
- Iminyaka emibili eyomile ilandelana, - ukhuluma UVladimir Shipiguzov, - Abalimi bamazambane basePermian bathola ikakhulukazi izilimo eziyizigaxa izingcezu ezincane. Ukuhlakulela amasimu anesihlabathi esivunduvundu, asikwazi ukutshala isivuno esihle ngaphansi kwezimo zokuntuleka komswakama, futhi ukuba kude nemithombo yamanzi akuvumeli ukuhlela ukuchelela. Kuvela ukuthi besingeke sitshale noma yikuphi ukukhiqiza, ngisho ne-elite, ngisho ne-super-elite, umphumela uncike ngokuphelele esimweni sezulu.
- Izindleko ezikhuphukayo zokukhiqiza ezolimo ezinenzuzo enciphayo azivumeli abalimi abaningi ukuba bethule izinhlobo ezintsha futhi babuyekeze izinto zokutshala minyaka yonke, - amanothi Edward Oreshkin. - Lokhu kudala inkinga ehlehlisiwe yokunciphisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yamazambane abo athengiswayo.
- Kuba nzima nakakhulu ukusebenza ngenxa yezindleko zesenti zemikhiqizo kanye nesidingo esingazinzile, - icabangela Boris Panteleev. - Iziphathimandla zihlala zicindezela abalimi, zithi: "Wozani, tshalani ngaphezulu!". Kodwa konke kubonisa ukuthi izwe alidingi inani elinjalo lamazambane, futhi akekho ohlanganyela ekubaleni izidingo zangempela zabantu. Inqubomgomo yezolimo engacabangi iholela ekukhiqizeni ngokweqile kanye nokwehla kwezinga lenzuzo yemboni. Bangaki abalimi asebevele batshona ngenxa yalokhu, futhi bangaki abanye abazoqothuka kulo nyaka ...