Isivuno sezimpande, esingukhiye embonini yokudla, sizoba nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokuphelele ngo-2021, kusho ochwepheshe abavela enkampanini ka-Agasti, umkhiqizi omkhulu waseRussia wemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo. Ukuvuselelwa okukhulu koshukela, okwenzeka ngo-2020, akuphindanga, isilinganiso sawo sivele saphindaphindeka kaningana kanti kuleli hlobo isitshalo sizoba nesikhathi esanele sokuthola isisindo futhi siqoqele inani elanele le-sucrose. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sezulu esifudumele futhi esinomswakama, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kufanele kubhekelwe ekuvikeleni amabala amaqabunga, kanye nokubola kwezimpande, okuthi, ngesikhathi sezimvula isikhathi eside, kungaphuca abalimi iningi lesivuno.
Kusukela ngoJuni 1, 2021, izivumelwano zokulungisa amanani entengo ashibhile nokudayiswa koshukela azisekho ukusebenza eRussia. Zaphothulwa maphakathi noDisemba 2020 phakathi koMnyango Wezimboni Nezohwebo, uMnyango Wezolimo, abahlinzeki nabathengisi ukuze kugcinwe ukutholakala komkhiqizo kubantu. Isidingo salokhu kwaba umphumela wokuvuna isithombo sebhitrudi esiphansi ngo-2020. Isizathu kwaba isomiso kanye nezinye izimo zezulu: ingxenye ebalulekile yezimbewu zebhitrudi ezihlwanyelwe yashaywa noma yakhukhulwa, ngakho-ke kwakudingeka ukuthengiswa kabusha okukhulu. Ngokusho kukaVladimir Peshekhonov, ongungoti ohamba phambili ekukhuthazeni imikhiqizo esifundeni saseCentral Black Earth, iphesenti lokutshala kabusha isithombo sebhitrudi ngonyaka owedlule lifinyelele kuma-50-70% emapulazini ahlukene ezwe. Ama-beet anjalo abengenaso isikhathi sokufinyelela ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe - okungenani kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi ahlwanyelwe ngesikhathi, futhi ayempofu kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwe-sucrose.
"Ngo-2021, isimo siya ngokuba ngcono," kusho uVladimir Peshekhonov. - Ukuhlwanyela kabusha izikhathi ezimbalwa ngaphansi konyaka odlule: cishe i-10% yazo zonke izindawo ezihlwanyelwe ngaphansi kwesithombo sebhitrudi ezweni. Umthamo wesivuno nawo kulindeleke ukuthi ube mkhulu. Ngeke kube ngamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo, kodwa-ke, cishe, siyoba nesivuno esijwayelekile, ngaphandle kwemali.
Izindawo eziyinhloko zokutshalwa kwesithombo sebhitrudi eRussia yizindawo zeKuban, iStavropol, iRostov kanye nezifunda zesifunda seCentral Chernozem: iBelgorod, iTambov, iLipetsk, iKursk, iVoronezh, i-Oryol, nePenza. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sihlala ezindaweni ezincane esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod, eMordovia, eTatarstan, eBashkortostan, e-Altai Territory.
Izifo eziyinhloko ezivame ukunciphisa isivuno sezinyosi zeshukela - i-cercosporosis ne-ramulariasis - zandisa ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakele futhi zinciphise impilo yeshalofu yezitshalo zezimpande. ERussia, okuyingozi kakhulu yi-cercosporosis. Izifo ezibizwa ngamafungal ezibonakala njengezindawo zamaqabunga, futhi ukulimala kwamaqabunga kuphazamisa imetabolism eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwesitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhutha se-powdery sivamile kuma-beet ushukela. Isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama esasikhona ezifundeni eziyinhloko ezikhula u-beet phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yehlobo lika-2021 kwakha imibandela yokwakhiwa kwezifo. Ukuze uvimbele futhi ulwe nezifo, ongoti baka-Agasti bancoma izidakamizwa ezinjengeRaek, Baliy, Rakurs, Kolosal Pro, Tirada, Credo neBenorad.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ngemithi emibili yokugcina kubhekwa njengokusebenza ngempumelelo ekuvikeleni lokho okubizwa ngokuthi okudla izimpande - anhlobonhlobo yezimpande ezibola ezithinta izilimo eziyizigaxa zesithombo sebhitrudi. Ukubola okubangelwa amagciwane ahlala njalo enhlabathini kuvame ukubonakaliswa ezimweni zemvula eyeqile. Ukubola kwezimpande kuvame ukuba nzima ukulwa nesifo seqabunga. Njengoba uVladimir Peshekhonov esho, ukuqubuka kwe-bacteriosis sekuvele kubhalisiwe esifundeni i-Central Black Earth, futhi ongoti abavela kumalabhorethri amabili abonisana ngezolimo "u-Augusta", asebenza esifundeni, manje sebemukela inani elikhulu lezicelo ezivela kubalimi ukuxilongwa kwamagciwane. Uma imvula idonsa futhi, ukubola kwezimpande kungasabalala futhi cishe sonke isivuno sisengozini.
Ngokuya ngezinambuzane, izitshalo zezimpande zivame ukusongelwa yi-beet weevil, ekhombise ukuthi iyingozi kakhulu kulo nyaka. Ngokusho kochwepheshe be- "Agasti", ukuze kulondolozwe izitshalo zebhitrudi eSifundazweni Saseningizimu, abakhiqizi bezolimo sekufanele benze imishanguzo yezinambuzane ezine. Futhi, ukuqubuka kwezinambuzane ezine-polyphagous ezifana ne-meadow moth noma i-gamma moth kungadala umonakalo esitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi, ngokujwayelekile, i-2021 isazinzile impela kuma-beet kashukela, futhi banethemba lezimo ezinhle zokuthuthukiswa kwesiko kule sizini.