I-Timiryazev Academy ingesinye sezikhungo ezihamba phambili zokuzalanisa izitshalo zezolimo eRussia. Amakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu nezimelana nezifo zokusanhlamvu, izithelo, imifino nezinye izitshalo zezolimo zidalwe lapha. izitshalo Inhloko yoMnyango Wezitshalo, Ukuzalanisa, Ukukhula Kwembewu Nezitshalo Zengadi, uSocrates Monakhos, ukhulume ngokuthi umsebenzi wokudala izitshalo ezinjalo wenziwa kanjani ekukhululweni okusha kwephrojekthi yevidiyo ethi "MAGnit: Konke NgeSayensi Nobuchwepheshe".
Ngokusho kososayensi, enye yezindlela eziyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha nezinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi: "Iklabishi iyisitshalo sethu esihamba phambili, siphumelele ngokukhethekile mayelana nokuzalanisa le mifino ethile. Angaphezu kuka-50 ama-hybrids aserejista yombuso, angaphezu kuka-15 atholakalayo ukuze akhiqize imbewu. "
Okugxilwe kakhulu ekudaleni ama-hybridi eklabishi amhlophe asheshe avuthwe, ahlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yeRussia ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Ngokusho kososayensi baseTimiryazevka, yonke inhloko yesithathu yeklabishi edliwa ama-Muscovites ebusika ikhule kusuka embewini abayikhethile. Ama-hybrids adume kakhulu yi-Kolobok, i-Dominanta, i-Prestige, ne-Valentina.
Ukuzalanisa ama-hybrid kwaba yinto eyinhloko yocwaningo phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Namuhla, ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ama-hybrids esizukulwane sokuqala se-F1. Zihluke ezinhlobonhlobo ze-pollinated evulekile ku-homogeneity yezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-morphological, kanye nenani lezinye izinzuzo ezingenakutholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ezivulekile.
Ngaphezulu kuka-200 izinhlanganisela ezintsha zofuzo noma ingxubevange yatshalwa esizeni sesikole. Lawa ama-genotypes ahlukile abengekho ngaphambilini. Umsebenzi wososayensi uwukuhlonza okuthembisa kakhulu kubo ngokusekelwe kuqoqo lezici. Ukuzalanisa kwesimanje futhi kuhlose ukudala izinhlobo ze-genotype ezingatshalwa ngokusetshenziswa okuncane kwezibulala-zinambuzane neminye imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo.
Amakhulu ezinhlanganisela ezintsha zeklabishi ezithembisayo ziyatshalwa futhi zifundwe minyaka yonke emasimini okuzalanisa aseTimiryazevka. Umgomo uwukuthola amafomu aphakeme kunalawo akhona ngokuhambisana nenkimbinkimbi yezici ezibalulekile kwezomnotho. Okunye okuseqhulwini namuhla ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezifanele ukulinywa ngendlela engahambisani nemvelo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okuncane kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Ihybrid yokuqala ka-anyanisi eRussia imelana ne-downy mildew isivele yakhiwe futhi yanikezwa umenzi. Lokhu kuzonciphisa umthwalo wezibulala-zinambuzane emikhiqizweni, umhlabathi, amanzi nomoya, njengoba abalimi kanye nezindawo zezolimo ngeke kusadingeka baphuze u-anyanisi ngamakhemikhali okungenani izikhathi ezinhlanu.
Mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwama-hybrids nezinhlobonhlobo, inzuzo enkulu yama-hybrids e-F1 ukufana kwawo kofuzo. Lokhu kunquma kusengaphambili ukufana kwe-morphological kanye nokwenziwa kokukhiqiza. Zonke izitshalo zivuthwa ngasikhathi sinye, okuzuzisa umnotho kubalimi. Nakuba kubathandi bezingadi, kungase kuthakazelise kakhulu ukutshala izinhlobo ezinikeza ukuhlukahluka okuningi.
E-Timiryazev Academy, i-greenhouse yokuzalanisa iwumthombo wezinhlobonhlobo zofuzo kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha. Lapha izitshalo zigcinwa esimweni sembewu futhi zizitholele impova kusetshenziswa amaphedi kakotini ukuze kugwenywe ukuthelelana kwempova. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola imbewu yesizukulwane esilandelayo futhi kutshalwe izitsha ukuze kwenziwe olunye ucwaningo kumalabhorethri.
Ukuzalaniswa kwezitshalo e-Timiryazev Academy kubhekene nesigaba sesithathu sokuthuthuka. Uma inhloso yokuqala bekuwukudala amafomu akhiqiza kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokudla, khona-ke ukunakwa kuphendukela kukhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Manje kugcizelelwa ekuphepheni kwemvelo kwezilimo ezitshaliwe.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje, obufana nokuzalanisa kwamangqamuzana nezindlela zesiko lamaseli, bungasheshisa inqubo yokuzalanisa futhi bakhulise ukuncintisana kwezinkampani ezizalanisayo. I-Academy isebenzisa izindlela zokukhiqiza ama-haploid aphindwe kabili, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ama-genotypes amasha ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Iklabishi elimhlophe, okungenye yezimpawu eziphambili zokuzalaniswa kwe-Academy, selihambe ibanga elide ekuthuthukisweni. Uma eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, ukuvuna iklabishi kungathatha inyanga nesigamu ngenxa yokuvuthwa okungalingani, kodwa manje, ngenxa ye-F1 hybrids, ukuvuna kuyashesha futhi kusebenza kahle.
Lesi sikole siphinde senza ucwaningo ngokumelana nezitshalo ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, iklabishi elimhlophe lithola isakhi sofuzo esihlobene nesihlobo salo esiseduze, lwesinaphi sase-Ethiopia. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane futhi kwenza umkhiqizo uvumelane nemvelo. Enye yezimpumelelo zakamuva ukudluliswa kofuzo lokumelana ne-clubroot, esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni zeklabishi, kuya kwiklabishi elimhlophe elisuka kutheniphu. Le mpumelelo ihlelelwe ukuthi iphindwe kwamanye ama-brassicas afana ne-broccoli ne-kohlrabi.