Siyaqhubeka nokushicilela okukhethekile okuvela ku-WPC (World Potato Congress), esitshela ngenhlangano yochungechunge lokukhiqiza imbewu yamazambane e-Afrika.
I-World Potato Congress izoba kusukela ngoMeyi 31 kuya kuJuni 3 eDublin, e-Ireland. Umcimbi uzohlanganisa ochwepheshe, okuhlanganisa nabakhiqizi amazambane, abathengisi bezitolo, abapakishi, abangenisa ngaphandle nabathumela ngaphandle kokubili imbewu nokudla amazambane.
Ukushoda okukhulu kwembewu yekhwalithi yezinhlobo ezikhiqizayo neziguquguqukayo kuyisithiyo esikhulu ekukhiqizeni amazambane ngempumelelo emazweni ase-Afrika.
Abalimi abaningi abancane abayivuseleli imbewu yamazambane amasizini ambalwa. Lokhu kubangela isivuno esincane kanye nezinga eliphansi ngenxa yokonakala kwembewu.
Abalimi abaningi bonga izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane ezitshalweni zabo futhi bazisebenzisa njengembewu, okwandisa amathuba okutheleleka ngamagciwane, kuhlanganise nalawo ayingozi kakhulu anciphisa isivuno (i-potato leafroll virus (PLRV) kanye ne-potato virus Y (PVY)).
Kukhona abalimi abasebenzisa njengembewu yamazambane izinto abazithenga emithonjeni engaziwa, okwandisa amathuba okubhebhethekisa amagciwane kuphela, kodwa nokusabalalisa ukubola okunsundu okubangelwa I-Ralstonia solancearum.
Ziqaphela lokhu kuthambekela okuyingozi kakhulu, izinhlangano zocwaningo zikahulumeni, abalimi bezentengiselwano, ama-NGO kanye nezinkampani ezizimele zisekela ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yezinga eliphezulu ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zembewu ezisemthethweni, eziphakathi (ezibuye zibizwe ngokuthi enye indlela) kanye nezinhlelo zembewu ezingakahleleki.
Uhlelo lwembewu olusemthethweni olulandela ukukhiqizwa kwembewu eqinile kanye nezinqubo zokunikeza izitifiketi kuyindlela ethembekile yokukhiqiza imbewu esezingeni. Isitifiketi esiqinile kakhulu samazambane embewu senziwa eKenya yi-Plant Health Inspection Service.
Kodwa-ke, imbewu evela kulo mthombo osemthethweni ifaka ngaphansi kuka-5% wezidingo zezwe. Ziyabiza, abalimi abakwazi ukuzikhokhela, nezindleko zokuzithutha ezweni lonke nazo ziphezulu.
Enye noma isistimu yembewu yamazambane ephakathi inazo zombili izingxenye ezisemthethweni nezingakahleleki, futhi ukukhiqizwa kuvame ukusondelene nabalimi ngokwendawo. Lolu hlelo ngokuyisisekelo lulandela uhlelo lwe-Quality Declared Seed (QDS), kodwa imibandela ethile ingase yehluke ngezwe.
Lolu hlobo lwembewu (olunye uhlelo) lukhiqizwa abalimi bezentengiselwano abaqeqeshiwe, ama co-op kanye nabakhiqizi abancane abathuthukile. Ngokuvamile bathola imbewu eyisisekelo ezikhungweni zocwaningo (uhlelo olusemthethweni) futhi baqhubeke basabalalisa imbewu ukuze bathole inani ngokwemithetho ye-QDS. Izinto ezitholiwe zihlolwe ngabahloli bakahulumeni, isibonelo, e-Ethiopia. Kodwa imbewu enjalo ingangenwa ukubola okunsundu uma inhlabathi epulazini inegciwane. Ngeshwa, lokhu akulula kangako kubahloli ukukubona, ngoba benza ukuhlola okubonakalayo kuphela.
Ukuze kuqaliswe uhlelo oluthembekile lokukhiqiza imbewu esezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo wezinhlelo ezimbili okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, ukutholakala kwembewu yamazambane ahlanzekile kuyimfuneko. Amazwe amaningi e-Afrika, ikakhulukazi iBurundi, i-Ethiopia, iKenya, iMalawi, iRwanda, iTanzania kanye ne-Uganda, anengqalasizinda eyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa amalabhorethri amasiko ezicubu, ama-aeroponics kanye nezindawo zokugcina ukushisa ezikhiqiza ama-minituber amsulwa avela ezitshalweni ze-in vitro.
Kwamanye alawa mazwe, ukufakwa kwe-aeroponic akusetshenziswa kancane ngenxa yokunqamuka kukagesi okuvamile nokushoda kwezakhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusobala ukuthi kukhona ithuba lokusabalalisa ukubola okunsundu ngembewu yesizukulwane sokuqala, ngoba ukuhlolwa kwaleli pathogen kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza imbewu akwenziwanga ngokuqinile.
Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ezinye izitayela zokukhiqiza imbewu yekhwalithi ziyakhuthaza, isibonelo, iKisima Farm ikhiqiza imbewu yamazambane endaweni engaba amahektha angama-200 ngonyaka, lokhu kukhiqizwa kuqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni njengokuhlanzekile. E-Ethiopia, ama co-op amaningi kanye nabanye abalimi bezentengiselwano nabo bakhiqiza i-QDS esezingeni elamukelekile.
IKisima Farm ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wamazambane wembewu eqinisekisiwe eKenya, ihlinzeka cishe ngama-75% azo zonke izimbewu zamazambane aqinisekisiwe atholakala ezweni. Le nkampani ikhiqiza imbewu yamazambane ezinhlobo ezithandwa abalimi, ezifuywa kakhulu yi-KALRO / CIP, kanye HZPC.
Ithola amathani angaphezu kuka-4000 amazambane ngonyaka, lapho u-75% wawo eyimbewu enosayizi we-tuber ongu-28-45 mm (usayizi 1) no-45-60 mm (usayizi 2). Ukukhiqizwa kuqala ngezitshalo ze-in vitro ezithengwe kwa-GTIL kanye ne-Stokmen Rozen, ezitshalwa emoyeni ukuze zikhiqize ama-minitubers, kamuva alungiselelwa inani elifanele emhlabathini ohlanzekile.
Abalimi abaningi abancane sebeqalile ukutshala izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezivela embewini eqinisekisiwe, abayithenga eKisima Farm bese beyithengisela abanye abalimi. Laba balimi benze imali eningi njengoba isivuno samazambane senyuke cishe ngo-60%, okuholele ekwenyukeni okuhambisanayo kwemali engenayo.