Naphezu kwendima ebalulekile yesibabule ekukhiqizeni kwezitshalo, le nto ayizange ihlale ithola ukunakwa okufanele. Iminyaka eminingi, ukuntuleka kwesibabule akuzange kubakhathaze abalimi abaningi bamazambane.
Esikhathini esedlule, izinto eziphilayo ezinamaminerali kanye nokukhishwa kwe-sulphur ephezulu kwakuhlinzeka ngezidingo zezitshalo. Eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, ngokuphasiswa koMthetho Womoya Ohlanzekile, ukukhishwa kwesulfure kunciphise kakhulu ukutholakala kwakho. Iqiniso liwukuthi, kanye ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, isulfure iyisakhamzimba esibalulekile futhi iyisici esikhawulelayo ekuvunweni nasezingeni lemikhiqizo yezolimo.
Isibabule singaba nomthelela omkhulu kukho kokubili izinga kanye nenani lezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane. Kuyikhemikhali ebalulekile ekwakheni ama-amino acid, ngakho-ke amaprotheni, futhi ingaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-tuber, ukwakheka kwama-carbohydrate, ukumelana nezifo, nokukhiqizwa kwe-chlorophyll. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lesi sakhi sinomthelela omkhulu kumandla adonsela phansi athile, izinto ezomile, ushukela nesitashi, kanye nosayizi we-tuber.
Njengoba ukuntuleka kwesibabule kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula kwezitshalo kungaholela ekwehleni kwesivuno, ukunikezwa kwesibabule njalo kuyadingeka - kusukela ekuveleni kwezithombo kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula. Kubalulekile ukuthi izitshalo zithole isibabule ngesikhathi ezisidinga kakhulu.
Ngokulamba kwesibabule, iziqongo ziqala ukuphenduka zibephuzi ukusuka phezulu. Isibabule sihamba kancane kakhulu ezitsheni zesitshalo, ngakho amaqabunga amazambane amancane awawususi kwabadala futhi aphuzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Isibabule sibandakanyeka ekuhlanganiseni ama-amino acid methionine ne-cysteine, amavithamini B1 (thiamine) no-B7 (biotin). Uma izilimo eziyizigaxa zingenaso isibabule, initrogen emuncwa yizo enhlabathini ayijiki ibe amaprotheni.
Kumazambane atshalwe ngaphansi kwezimo zendlala yesibabule, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrate kukhuphuka ngesilinganiso sama-22%. Okuqukethwe isitashi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa nakho kuncipha, izimfanelo zabo zokunambitheka ziyawohloka, futhi zivuthwa isikhathi eside.
Izitshalo zimunca ingxenye yesibabule emoyeni: i-microelement iyingxenye ye-sulphur dioxide, ekhishwa emkhathini ngamabhizinisi ezimboni. Imvula namanzi ancibilike nawo anothisa inhlabathi yamazambane ngesibabule. Ethanini likamanyolo we-organic (umquba noma i-humus) - cishe u-0,5 kg we-trace element.
Kodwa umkhuba ubonisa ukuthi lapho ukhula ithani eli-1 lamazambane, i-2-4 kg ye-microelement iyadingeka. Izitshalo zimunca ingxenye yalesi sithamo emoyeni, emvuleni nasemanzini ancibilikayo, kanye nomquba.
I-Polysulfate (0-0-14-19.2S-12.2Ca-3.6Mg) itholakala ku-polyhalite (amaminerali emvelo). Lo manyolo onezithako eziningi ungumthombo we-sulfate we-potassium encibilikayo, i-magnesium ne-calcium onokuqukethwe kwe-chlorine ephansi.
Isici sokukhululwa kwe-polysulfate enwetshiwe sisho ukuthi izakhamzimba ezine ezibalulekile (S 19.2%, K 14%, Mg 3.6%, Ca 12.2%) eziqukethwe kugranule ngayinye zizotholakala kumazambane ngezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu, kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhula kwamaqabunga. ekuvuthweni kwe-tuber.
I-calcium kumanyolo ithinta ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali enhlabathini, kanye nezici zekhwalithi zezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane. Emhlabathini noma ezimisweni zokutshala eziniselwe lapho izinga lamanzi lingaba inkinga, ukufaka i-calcium emhlabathini kungasiza ukubuyisela usawoti ogciniwe. I-Polysulfate isetshenziswa ngaphambi kokutshala, ngesikhathi sokutshala noma ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwama-ridge.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomanyolo wesulfure.
- I-sulfate-sulphur Umanyolo uqukethe isulfure ehlanganiswe nezinye izakhi ezifana ne-nitrogen noma i-potassium. Umanyolo utholakala kalula ezitshalweni ezikhulayo, futhi umanyolo we-sulphate-sulfur uncibilika ngokushesha. Umanyolo ojwayelekile we-sulfate-sulfur yi-granular ammonium sulfate (20-0-0-24, 21-0-0-24, 19-2-0-22).
- Ammonium sulfate ingaxutshwa namanye ama-fertilizer e-granular, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isimo sayo somzimba sivumela ingxube ukuthi ihlale i-homogeneous.
- i-potassium sulfate (0-0-50-18 nokunye ukwakheka) nakho kuyatholakala futhi kusebenza kahle ezitshalweni ezifana ne-alfalfa.
Kukhona amanye ama-fertilizer aqukethe inani elithile lesulfure sulfate, kungaba yingxube noma emkhiqizweni othengiswayo.
- isibabule esiyisisekelo. Umanyolo we-Granular (kusuka ku-0-0-0-90 kuya ku-99), ngokuqukethwe kwesibabule kusuka ku-90 kuya ku-99% ngendlela yokuqala. Awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile izitshalo. Okokuqala, kufanele iguqulwe ngama-microorganisms enhlabathini.
Umquba oqukethe isulfure ngendlela ye-thiosulfate, njenge-liquid ammonium thiosulfate (12-0-0-26) kanye ne-15-0-0-20 kufanele futhi ifakwe i-oxidized by microbes enhlabathini ngendlela ye-sulfate. Umanyolo ungafakwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokutshala. Nokho, uma igcotshwa emaqabunga, ingabangela ukusha.
ubulongwe bezilwane inganikeza izitshalo ngesulfure kanye nezinye izakhi, kodwa okuqukethwe kwesici kanye nokulinganisela nezinye izakhi kufanele kunqunywe ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya okukhethekile. Isibonelo, amanye ama-slurries ezingulube ane-sulphur etholakalayo encane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-nitrogen.