Ngokwezibalo, izaqathe zikleliswe endaweni yesithathu "eqenjini le-borsch" ngokusetshenziswa eRussia. Amazambane no-anyanisi kuphela aziwa kakhulu kunaye. Kodwa-ke, ukuthandwa kungumqondo ohlobene, njengoba abalimi baphinda baqiniseka ekupheleni kwesizini ka-2022.
Umkhiqizo wamavithamini awuzange ulethe abakhiqizi bawo imali elindelekile. Cishe, njengoba uVasily Zaitsev, umlimi owaziwayo we-carrot kanye nommeleli wezokuthengisa we-Vilmorin, ebikezela, lokhu kuzoholela ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwezaqathi ngo-2023.
UKUNCIPHISWA KWENDAWO
“Ngokubona kwami,” kuphawula uchwepheshe, “indawo engaphansi kwezaqathi kule sizini yehlile uma iqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule futhi ibucayi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, bonke abadlali abakhulu bamemezele ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-30.”
Njengoba uVasily Zaitsev ephawula, kunezizathu eziningana zokulahlekelwa isithakazelo sabalimi ekukhuleni izaqathe, esinye sazo izimo ezinzima zokuvuna isizini ka-2022. “Kwezinye izifunda, izimvula azizange ziphele kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kobusika,” uyachaza, “akuwona wonke amabhizinisi ezolimo ayekwazi ukulungisa amasimu ukuze atshalwe ngesikhathi, futhi othile wayishiya ngokuphelele ingxenye yezitshalo ngaphansi kweqhwa. Isitshalo
imifino kulezi zindawo ngo-2023 ayinangqondo, izinsalela zezitshalo ezingaboli ziwumthombo wezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, abalimi kwadingeka bakhethe ukukhetha okusanhlamvu.”
Isizathu sesibili esihle sokushiya izaqathi amanani aphansi ayo yonke imifino yasendle (ngaphandle kuka-anyanisi) kanye nobunzima bokuthengisa imikhiqizo yezolimo unyaka wonke. "Abalimi banquma ngokoqobo kuze kube ngu-Ephreli ukuthi bazohlwanyela ini kulo nyaka, ngoba kwakungekho sidingo emakethe sanoma yisiphi isilimo," kuchaza uVasily Zaitsev.
Ukwehla kwesidingo, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kuchazwa ngokunikezwa ngokweqile komkhiqizo emakethe. Ngo-2022 (ngemuva kwesizini yamanani aphezulu ale mikhiqizo), imifino eminingi yatshalwa njengoba bekulindelekile. "Esifundeni saseVolgograd kuphela, indawo engaphansi kwezaqathe yanda kakhulu ngenxa yabalimi abancane," kusho uVasily Zaitsev.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo evela ezifundeni ezifakiwe kanye neBelarus yanikezwa ngenkuthalo emashalofini ezitolo zaseRussia (ngaphambilini, ingxenye yezaqathi zaseBelarusian-Russian zaya e-Ukraine).
Kodwa ivolumu yokulethwa okuvela e-China, Israel, Egypt ngo-2022 bekulindeleke ukuthi yehle, imikhiqizo evela kulawa mazwe yaqondiswa kabusha ezimakethe lapho amanani aphezulu asungulwa. "Ngokwesiko, izaqathe eziningi zingeniswa eRussia zivela eKazakhstan, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sasePavlodar, lapho lesi sitshalo sitshalwa khona kakhulu," kuphawula uVasily Zaitsev, "umngcele phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-Customs Union uvulekile, izaqathe zaseKazakh. zithengiswa kulo lonke elaseSiberia, okuyinto, vele, ithinta umthamo wokukhiqiza wale mikhiqizo ezifundeni zeSifunda saseSiberia. Ngonyaka odlule, ngenxa yamanani aphansi eRussia, lokhu kugeleza kwaya e-Asia, okuzokwenzeka ngesizini entsha kusenzima ukukusho.”
ISIZINI ENTSHA, IZINTENGO EZINTSHA
Yiqiniso, izwe ngeke lihlale lingenazo izaqathi ngokuphelele. Ukufika sekukonke kuyaphumelela, nakuba ukulungiswa kwakho bekuhambisana nobunzima obuthile. Njengoba bekulindelekile, isikhathi sokulethwa kwezimbewu ezivela phesheya senyukile. "Ngaphambilini, ake sithi, imoto yalethwa esuka eFrance isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, manje isithatha inyanga nengxenye.”, kuphawula omele abadayisi be-Vilmorin. Amanani nawo akhuphukile - uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule (uma singacabangi isikhathi sokugxuma okubukhali esilinganisweni sokushintshaniswa) ngesilinganiso se-20%.
«Lokhu kuyi-markup yaseRussia, - icabangela Vasily Zaitsev, - idlanzana lezinkampani zokuthutha zenqaba ukusebenza nezwe lethu. Labo abasaqhubeka nokwenza lokho bawakhuphule amanani abo futhi bathatha umshwalense wokuhamba ngenani eliphakeme kakhulu.". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho kochwepheshe, imbewu efanayo emazweni angomakhelwane (iBelarus, Kazakhstan, njll.) ibiza u-30-40% eshibhile. Umehluko uyabonakala, abalimi abaningi (kulabo abangazange batshale ngemali yesikweletu futhi kungadingeki babike emabhange) kulo nyaka bancamele ukuthenga izinto zokutshala emazweni angomakhelwane “ngokungekho emthethweni”, ngemali, ngaphandle kwezitifiketi, bebodwa. ingozi kanye nobungozi.
Ingozi, ngendlela, ikhona ngempela. "Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ungenisa imbewu ye-carrot evela e-Asia Ephakathi, kunethuba lokuthola izimpahla ezingenwe yi-pathogen ye-strip amazambane chips (i-zebra chip), ngoba kulawa mazwe ukulawulwa kwe-phytosanitary yokuba khona kwe-Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum akwenziwa, ” kusho uchwepheshe, “okwamanje, lesi isifo esiyingozi esingasongeli izaqathi kuphela, kodwa namazambane atshalwe ngokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo. Ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno kungafinyelela ku-40%.
UKUKHETHA NGOKUTHANDA USHANTANE
Ngokusho kommeleli wenkampani yaseVilmorin, abakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia abazange babhekane nokushoda kwembewu yekarothi yezinhlobo ezithile nama-hybrids enkathini entsha, kwakungenzeka ukungenisa noma yiziphi izikhundla phakathi kwezimpumelelo zokukhetha ezifakwe kuRejista Yombuso.
Ngasikhathi sinye, amakhasimende akhetha ikakhulukazi ama-hybrids ohlobo lweShantane. "Ngokwengxenye, lokhu futhi kuwumphumela wekwindla enzima ka-2022., kuchaza Vasily Zaitsev, - Ama-Shantane hybrids awamnandi njenge-Nantes noma i-Kuroda, kodwa izaqathi zalolu hlobo ziphuka kancane futhi zibe neziqongo eziqinile, okusho ukuthi umuntu olimayo unamathuba amaningi okuvuna esimweni sezulu esibi..
Ngokuvamile, njengoba uchwepheshe ephawula, ukusabalala kohlobo lweShantane ezweni lethu kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokwethulwa kokuvuna ngomshini.
«Eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu edlule, abalimi esifundeni saseVolgograd bebelokhu beshintshela kubuchwepheshe be-ridge; ngaphambili, izaqathi zazitshalwa lapha emagqumeni., - uchwepheshe unikeza isibonelo. - Kepha phakathi nalolu bhubhane, abalimi babhekana nokushoda kwabasebenzi, kwase kuba nokwenyuka okukhulu kwezindleko zabasebenzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ipulazi ngalinye lazama ukuthenga inhlanganisela yomugqa owodwa, kodwa kwaphoqeleka ukuthi kubuyekeze isethi yama-hybrids asekhulile.".
«Kodwa emapulazini esifunda saseNovgorod, izaqathi zivame ukuvunwa ngesandla., wabelana ngokuphawuliwe Zaitsev, - futhi kulesi sifunda, izaqathi zohlobo lwe-Nantes zithandwa kakhulu. Izinzuzo zayo, ngaphezu kokunambitha, zihlanganisa ukufaneleka kokugcina isikhathi eside. Abalimi abaningi baseNovgorod banezindawo zokugcina izinto eziqandisiwe zesimanje, ezibavumela ukuthi bathengise imikhiqizo yekhwalithi enhle kakhulu kuze kube sekupheleni kwesizini elandelayo.".
Nakuba emashalofini ezitolo ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia, iShantane isamelwe kabanzi. "Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10 edlule, lapho ngiqala ukusebenza eVilmorin, - uthi Vasily Zaitsev, - Phakathi kwemisebenzi yami kwakuwukuthuthukisa izaqathi zohlobo lwe-Nantes kumaketanga okuthengisa. Ama-hybrid alolu hlobo asakazeke kakhulu eYurophu, kodwa kunenhlabathi ehlukene nesimo sezulu esihlukile, eFrance naseningizimu yeJalimane, isibonelo, izaqathe zingase ubusika emhlabathini. E-Russia, konke kuhlukile, futhi amaketanga okuthengisa asebenza endaweni yawo kufanele acabangele lokhu. Ezitolo, okokuqala, ukwethulwa kwemikhiqizo kubalulekile, akekho odinga i-scrap, ngakho-ke uShantane uzothatha ingxenye yengonyama ku-assortment, lokhu kunenzuzo kokubili abalimi nabathengisi.".
KULULA UKUNAKEKELA KODWA KUNZIMA UKUGCINA
Ukukhuluma ngamathemba ekusasa izaqathe eRussia akulula. Ukuthambekela ekunciphiseni okuqhubekayo kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kungabonakala esibonelweni sezinhlelo eziningi zemifino ezisungulwe emuva ngo-2014: ngesizini ngayinye entsha, ziya ngokuya zinciphisa ingxenye yezaqathi ekukhiqizeni okuphelele. Ezimweni zanamuhla, ibhizinisi elikhulayo izitshalo kumahektha angama-50-80 selivele liyibhizinisi elikhulu.
«Ngokuvamile, kulula ukukhula., - ngokuqinisekile Vasily Zaitsev, - okunzima kakhulu ukuyigcina. Ngizophinde ngiqaphele izinkinga zokucwengwa. Ingxenye eyinhloko yezaqathe eRussia ikhiqizwa ezindaweni eziseningizimu, kodwa umkhiqizo ugezwa ngamanzi afudumele, okuholela ekwakhekeni "kwemivimbo", futhi umkhiqizo omningi ongase ube muhle uya ekuhlungeni kabusha. Kwa-Israyeli, isibonelo, zonke izintambo zokugeza zifakwe ama-hydrocoolers agcina amanzi emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-+3 ° C, ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ukunciphisa kakhulu inani lemfucuza.".
Kodwa zonke izinkinga zokukhiqiza zingaxazululwa uma abalimi benezisusa zalokhu, uchwepheshe ukholelwa ukuthi. "Uma kunesidingo, kuzoba khona ukuhlinzekwa., - amanothi Zaitsev, - ngo-2021, izaqathe zibiza imali enhle kakhulu, futhi wonke umuntu waphefumulelwa. Manje ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo kungase kwenziwe lula ngokubuyiselwa kokuphakela umphakathi. Isidingo semifino siwuqhubeza kakhulu umkhakha wokupheka, futhi sithemba ukuthi kuzonikeza abalimi isizathu sokuba nethemba.".