Ngosizo lokuchibiyela umthetho "Ekuphatheni okuphephile kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye namakhemikhali e-agrochemicals" kuhlelwe ukunciphisa uhla lwababhalisile bemithi emisha kubathuthukisi nabakhiqizi babo. Lokhu kufanele kudale umgoqo kubangenisi abangenanembeza abasebenzisa izidakamizwa zabanye abantu ukuhlolwa kokubhaliswa, futhi ngemva kwalokho bangenise umkhiqizo ongekho emthethweni ngokusekelwe esitifiketini esitholiwe sokubhaliswa kombuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuchitshiyelwa komthetho "Ngobuchwepheshe Bezemvelo", kuhlelwe ukuthi kukhululwe abakhiqizi bezibulala-zinambuzane ekuhlolweni lapho kubhaliswa umuthi isikhathi esisha - inqobo nje uma kungekho mingcele ebekiwe entweni esebenzayo, futhi obhalisiwe akazange shintsha ukwakheka komkhiqizo.
Uhlaka lomthetho No. 1070685-7 lulungiselelwa ukucutshungulwa ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo ku-State Duma of the Russian Federation (“Ezichibiyelweni Ze-Article 11 yoMthetho Wombuso” Ngobungcweti Bezemvelo ”kanye Nomthetho Wombuso” Ekuphatheni Ngokuphephile Izibulala-zinambuzane nama-Agrochemicals ”). Ngosizo lwayo, kuhlelwe ukuhlanganisa ngokomthetho inani lezinto ezintsha eziklanyelwe ukwenza imakethe ye-agrochemical yaseRussia ihleleke futhi iphephe, kanye nokuvumelanisa izenzo ezingokomthetho ezilawulayo eziyilawulayo nemithetho yenhlanzeko kanye nomthetho wamasiko we-EAEU.
Ngakho-ke, umthetho we-federal osalungiswa uhlanganisa nomqondo othi "obhalisiwe". Ngokusho kwenguqulo ehlongozwayo ye-Federal Law No. 109-FZ "Ekuphatheni Okuphephile Kwemithi Yokubulala Izinambuzane Nama-Agrochemicals", abathuthukisi babo kuphela noma abakhiqizi abazokwazi ukwenza njengababhalisi bemithi emisha eRussia. Umthethosivivinywa unikeza ithuba lokufaka isicelo ngumuntu wesithathu noma inkampani, kodwa kuphela uma begunyazwe umthuthukisi noma umenzi ukuthi enze izinqubo zokubhalisa.
Ngokusho kuka-Vladimir Alginin, iPhini Lomqondisi-Jikelele we-Firm "August" JSC for General Issues kanye noMqondisi Omkhulu we-Russian Union of Manufacturers of Chemical Plant Protection Products, lesi yisigaba esilandelayo somsebenzi wezomthetho, okufanele udale izithiyo ekungethweni kwemikhiqizo engamanga. kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi yomkhakha wezolimo. UMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation ufake enqubweni yokungeniswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye namakhemikhali e-agrochemicals imfuneko eyisibopho ukuze umngenisi wezwe abe nesitifiketi sokubhaliswa kombuso womkhiqizo ongenisiwe, nokho, ezinye izinyathelo ziyadingeka ukuze kukhawulwe ukugeleza komgunyathi. izibulala-zinambuzane.
"Esimeni samanje, noma yimuphi umuntu ovela emgwaqweni angabhalisa umkhiqizo omusha wokuvikela izitshalo," kuchaza uVladimir Alginin. - Imvamisa lokhu okulandelayo kuyenzeka: kuthathwa umkhiqizo womkhiqizi weqiniso, zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo kanye nezivivinyo ziyenziwa, umuthi ubhaliswe, bese, ngokwesitifiketi esitholiwe sokubhaliswa kombuso, izidakamizwa zekhwalithi engabazekayo kanye izakhi ezingalindelekile zingeniswa kuleli, ezigcina sezisemasimini asekhaya. Sekuphele iminyaka emihlanu silwa nalesi simo. Uma sivula ikhathalogi yezwe yezibulala-zinambuzane zanoma yiliphi izwe, ngeke sithole ababhalisile abaningi lapho njengaseRussia. Isiphakamiso sethu bekuwukuthi ilungelo lokubhalisa umkhiqizo lihlale kulabo abanemibandela yokwakhiwa kwawo. Okusho ukuthi, abathuthukisi nabakhiqizi abanesethi ethile yemishini yaselabhorethri, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kanye nakho konke okudingekayo ekukhiqizeni. Manje lesi silungiselelo, noma sincishisiwe, sesingenisiwe kumthethosivivinywa futhi sichaza umbuthano walabo abangasebenza njengabantu ababhalisele izidakamizwa ezintsha. "
Futhi, uhlaka lomthetho wombuso uhlinzekela ukuncishiswa kwesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokubhaliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nama-agrochemicals kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kwezintathu, kanye nokwenyuka kwesikhathi sokubhaliswa kombuso sisuka eminyakeni emibili siye kwemithathu (ngo ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje No. 109-FZ, ukubhaliswa kombuso kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye ne-agrochemicals kwenziwa isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyishumi neminyaka emibili).
"Ukuzijwayeza kubonisa ukuthi izinyanga ezintathu zanele ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokubhaliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nama-agrochemicals," kusho uVladimir Alginin. - Isikhathi sokudalwa nokubhaliswa kwesidakamizwa ngokwaso side kakhulu - izivivinyo zokubhalisa zizodwa zingathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili. Ukuze izindleko ezitshalwe ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo zikhokhe ngokushesha, kufanele zilethwe emakethe ngokushesha, futhi ukuqanjwa okusha kuzovumela abakhiqizi ukuthi basheshise le nqubo. "
Ngokuqondene nokwanda kwesikhathi sokubhaliswa kombuso kusukela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu, sikhuluma lapha mayelana nokubhaliswa kokuqala komuthi, okusetshenziswa uma, ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, umuthi unemibuzo mayelana nokusebenza kwawo noma ukuphepha. . Nokho, njengoba kushiwo encwadini echazayo, iminyaka emibili ayanele ukwenza lonke ucwaningo olwengeziwe. U-Vladimir Alginin uyanezela ukuthi ukwanda kwesikhathi sokubhalisa ngaphambilini kuzosiza abathuthukisi nabakhiqizi ukuthi baqonde ngokunembile ukuthi umuthi uyathembisa yini nokuthi kuyafaneleka yini ukuwubhalisa iminyaka eyishumi ukuze usetshenziswe futhi.
Ngosizo lwezichibiyelo ezihlongozwayo zomthetho wobungcweti bezemvelo, indlela yokuqaliswa kwayo ilula, futhi isibopho sokubhekana nayo siyasuswa kwababhalisile uma bebhalisa umuthi kakade emakethe isikhathi esisha.
“Federal Law No. 174-FZ“ On Ecological Expertise ”usikisela ukuthi noma iyiphi into entsha eyethulwe ekusatshalalisweni kufanele ikudlulise ngaphandle kokwehluleka; abakhiqizi (futhi siphakathi kwabo) sidlulise ngokuvumelana nohlelo olwakhiwe nguMnyango Wezemvelo kanye noRosprirodnadzor, - kusho uVladimir Alginin. - Isichibiyelo sisho ukuthi lapho umkhiqizo ubhaliswa kabusha ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, ukuhlolwa komthelela omusha kwezemvelo angeke kwenziwe - yebo, inqobo nje uma obhalisiwe engenzanga izinguquko ekubunjweni komkhiqizo, futhi akazange ngena ekusetshenzisweni kwezinguquko zomthetho noma imikhawulo mayelana nezinto ezisebenzayo - izithako ezisebenzayo zomuthi ".
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngoDisemba 30, 2020, Federal Law No. 522-FZ “On Amendments to the Federal Law” On the Safe Hand of Pesticides and Agrochemicals ”ngokokuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kombuso (ukuqondisa) emkhakheni wokuphatha ngokuphephile. yezibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ezolimo” yamukelwa. Inguqulo entsha yomthetho ihlinzekela ukubuyiselwa ku-Rosselkhoznadzor imisebenzi yokuhlola ukungenisa, ukuthengiswa, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokulahlwa kwamakhemikhali okuvikela izitshalo. Ngo-2011, umnyango waphucwa la mandla, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo awazange adluliselwe kunoma ubani, futhi ngenxa yalokho, cishe iminyaka eyishumi, iziphathimandla eziqondisayo azizange zihlole ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, noma ukwakheka kwezidakamizwa ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nekhono lokulawula ukusakazwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nama-agrochemicals lalilinganiselwe kakhulu. Izichibiyelo ezamukelwe zenzelwe ukulwa nokungenisa, ukudayiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga namakhemikhali ezolimo alimaza inkimbinkimbi ye-agro-industrial, imvelo kanye nempilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kuzovela izindawo zokuhlola ezikhethekile emasikweni lapho kuzongeniswa khona izibulala-zinambuzane nama-agrochemicals.