Sergey Banadysev, Udokotela Wesayensi Yezolimo,
LLC "Doka - Gene Technologies"
Kule nkathi, kunezibonakaliso ezivela kubathengi mayelana nokunambitheka okubabayo kwamazambane ngaphandle kokutshala okubonakalayo kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Isizathu sokubaba kokunambitha okuqukethwe kwe-glycoalkaloids ngaphezu kwe-14 mg/100 g.
Ama-Glycoalkaloids (GCAs) ayenzeka ngokwemvelo, anambitheka ababayo, anobuthi obumelana nokushisa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitshalo, okuhlanganisa namazambane. Zinezinto ezibulala isikhunta kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane futhi zingenye yezindlela zokuzivikela zemvelo zezitshalo.
Manje sekufakazelwe ukuthi ama-glycoalkaloids amazambane ekugxilweni kwezokwelapha anezinto eziningi ezizuzisayo empilweni yomuntu: i-antitumor, i-antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, njll. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhishwa kwezentengiselwano kwalezi zinto ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwezimboni zamazambane kuthuthukiswa, kodwa lokhu isihloko esihlukile sokushicilelwa, futhi umgomo ufinyezwe ngezansi. chaza izinketho ezitholakalayo zokuvimbela ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kwama-glycoalkaloid kumazambane we-ware.
Ama-HCA ayinhloko aqukethwe kuma-tubers amazambane yi-α-solanine ne-α-chaconine (Fig. 1), ehlanganisa cishe u-95% wengqikithi yokuqukethwe kwe-glycoalkaloids kulolu hlobo lwezitshalo.
I-Solanine ne-chaconine ama-alkaloid e-nitrogen ane-nitrogen athwala i-aglycone efanayo, i-solanidine, kodwa ahluke ochungechungeni oluseceleni lwe-tri-saccharide. I-trisaccharide ku-α-solanine yi-galactose, i-glucose ne-rhamnose, kuyilapho ku-α-chaconine iyi-glucose nezinsalela ezimbili.
i-rhamnose. Ishubhu elijwayelekile lamazambane liqukethe ngokwesilinganiso u-10-150 mg/kg we-glycoalkaloids, kanti eliluhlaza linama-250-280 mg/kg, kanti ikhasi eliluhlaza liqukethe u-1500-2200 mg/kg. Okuqukethwe kwe-glycoalkaloids kuma-tubers amazambane athengiswayo kuphansi, futhi
ukusatshalaliswa ngaphakathi kwe-tuber akufani. Amazinga aphezulu anqunyelwe ku-peel, kuyilapho amazinga aphansi kakhulu atholakala endaweni ewumgogodla. I-HCA ihlale itholakala kuma-tubers, futhi ngemithamo efika ku-100mg/kg ihlangana ukuze ifake isandla ekunambitheka okuhle kwamazambane.
Ama-French fries nama-chips amazambane ngokuvamile aqukethe amazinga e-HCA angu-0,04-0,8 kanye no-2,3-18 mg/100 g womkhiqizo, ngokulandelana. Imikhiqizo ye-peel inothile kuma-glycoalkaloids (56,7-145 kanye no-9,5-72 mg/100 g womkhiqizo, ngokulandelana). Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yamazambane kuhlanganisa ukuwasha, ukucwecwa, ukusika, ukucwenga, ukuwomisa nokuthosa. Inani elikhulu lama-glycoalkaloids lisuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, i-blanching nokuthosa, futhi amafrimu aseFrance alungele ukudliwa aqukethe kuphela i-3-8% ye-glycoalkaloids uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezingavuthiwe, ngokubhujiswa okukhulu kwe-HCA okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthosa. Kufakazelwe ukuthi ukucwecwa ngokuvamile kususa iningi lama-glycoalkaloid ezigabeni ezidliwayo. Amazambane aphekwe ngesikhumba angase abe kakhulu kunalawo angazange ahlutshiwe ngenxa yokufuduka kwe-glycoalkaloids enyameni ngesikhathi sokupheka. Ukubilisa kunciphisa izinga le-HCA kuphela ngo-20%, ukubhaka kanye nokupheka kwe-microwave akunciphisi okuqukethwe kwe-glycoalkaloids, njengoba izinga lokushisa elibalulekile lokubola kwe-HCA lingaba ngu-170 ° C.
Amacala obuthi be-HCA kumazambane kuwo wonke umlando wokubhekwa awavamile. Nokho, izimpawu ezingase zibe khona njengesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, amajaqamba esiswini nasesiswini, ikhanda elibuhlungu, imfiva, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokubuthakathaka, ukuphefumula ngokushesha, nokubona izinto ezingekho. Umthamo onobuthi we-HCA kubantu ngu-1-5 mg/kg wesisindo somzimba, futhi umthamo obulalayo ngu-3-6 mg/kg wesisindo somzimba lapho uphathwa ngomlomo. Ngakho-ke, amazwe amaningi athuthukile akhula amazambane abeke imingcele yama-glycoalkaloids angama-20 mg/100 g wesisindo esisha kanye nesisindo esingu-100 mg/100 g njengemingcele ephephile ezigabeni ezidliwayo.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ezine-HCA 14 mg/100 g kakade sezibaba kancane, kuyilapho
ukushisa emphinjeni nasemlonyeni kubangelwa ukugxila okukhulu kuno-22 mg/100 g. Ngakho-ke, isiqondiso esingcono kakhulu sabathengi siwukuthi: "Uma amazambane enambitha okubabayo, ungadli."
Esigabeni sokukhula, ukugcinwa nokuthengisa amazambane, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuqoqwa kokugxila okungaba yingozi kwe-HCA kuma-tubers.
Ukuqoqwa kwe-HCA kwenzeka nakanjani kuma-tubers, kodwa kwenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga. Ukukhanyisa futhi kuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-chlorophyll kanye nomphumela wokuluhlaza kwesikhumba sezilimo eziyizigaxa. Lezi yizinqubo ezizimele ezinemiphumela ehlukene. I-Chlorophyll ayinabungozi futhi ayinambitheki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuluhlaza kubonisa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekukhanyeni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukunqwabelana kwama-glycoalkaloids okwenzekile. Amazambane asephenduke aluhlaza ngokuvamile awathengiswa noma akhishwe emashalofini ngokushesha nje lapho ukushintsha kombala kubonakala. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-glycoalkaloids kubangela izikhalazo ezivela kubathengi futhi kunciphisa inani lezentengiselwano lemikhiqizo ethengiswayo. Icala elinzima eliphawulwe ngenkathi yamanje, okungukuthi, ukunambitheka okubabayo kwamazambane ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokutshala okubonakalayo, kufanelwe incazelo ehlukile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimbangela ezingenzeka.
Njengoba ukutshala amazambane kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamazambane ngesikhathi sokumaketha kanye nenkinga enkulu yezohwebo, zonke izici zalesi simo zifundwe kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulwazi oluningi lochwepheshe lwabuye lwatholakala ekuqoqweni kwe-HCA kuma-tubers. Njengeziqu ezingaphansi komhlaba, izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ziyizitho zezitshalo ezingezona eze-photosynthetic ezingenayo indlela ye-photosynthesis. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuchayeka ekukhanyeni, ama-amyloplast aqukethe isitashi aguqulwa abe ama-chloroplast ezingqimbeni zamangqamuzana e-tuber, okubangela ukunqwabelana kwe-chlorophyll ye-photosynthetic pigment eluhlaza. I-Tuber greening ingathonywa yizakhi zofuzo, amasiko, i-physiology kanye nemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukujula kokutshala, iminyaka yokuphila kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, izinga lokushisa, amazinga komoyampilo womkhathi kanye nezimo zokukhanya. Izici eziyinhloko ezithonya izinga lokutshala nokuqoqwa kwe-glycoalkaloids ukuqina nokwakheka kwe-spectral kokukhanya, izinga lokushisa, izici zofuzo zezinhlobonhlobo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-chlorophyll ne-HCA ku-tuber kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lamaza okukhanya okubonakalayo kusuka ku-400 kuya ku-700 nm (Fig. 2). Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, i-chlorophyll synthesis ibonisa ubuningi ku-475 no-675 nm (izifunda eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezibomvu, ngokulandelana), kuyilapho ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwe-α-solanine ne-α-chaconine kwenzeka ku-430 nm naku-650 nm. I-Chlorophyll synthesis incane kakhulu ku-525-575 nm, kuyilapho i-HCA iqongelela kancane ku-510-560 nm (indawo eluhlaza). Lo mehluko uqinisekisa ukucatshangwa kwezindlela ezahlukene ze-biosynthesis ye-chlorophyll ne-HCA. Ukugxiliswa kwe-chlorophyll ezigabeni zamazambane ezivezwe ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (0,10 W/m2) kwakuphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-16 zokugcinwa kuqhathaniswa namazambane achayeke ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
kuvezwe ekukhanyeni okubomvu (0,38 W/m2). Amalambu e-Fluorescent (7,5 W/m2) akhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1,9 (400-500 nm) kunezibani ze-LED (7,7 W/m2), kuyilapho amalambu e-LED akhipha ukukhanya okubomvu okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2,5 (620-680 nm) kunamashubhu e-fluorescent. Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha amalambu e-fluorescent ngezibani ze-LED ezitolo zegrosa kunganciphisa ukuthathwa kwamaza aluhlaza ayingozi kakhulu.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ezigcinwe ebumnyameni azinayo i-chlorophyll. Ngemva kokungena ekukhanyeni, ngokoqobo emahoreni ambalwa, izakhi zofuzo ezithile ziyasebenza ukuze kukhiqizwe uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ye-chlorophyll ne-HCA synthesis. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlaziya amangqamuzana kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlonza ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo, futhi kwavela ukuthi izindlela zokulawula izakhi zofuzo zalezi zinqubo zinokucaciswa kwezinhlobonhlobo. Umthelela wezibani ze-LED ze-monochromatic ezinokwakheka okuhlukile nokuncane kwe-spectral kuye kwafundwa. Ukulawulwa okukhanyayo kokubukeka kwezitshalo zamazambane kwenziwa ngaphansi kokukhanya okungapheli okuhlinzekwa ngama-light emitting diode (ama-LED). Ukukhanya kwamaza okukhanya B (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, 470 nm), R (okubomvu, 660 nm) kanye ne-FR (okubomvu kude, 730 nm) kanye ne-WL (okumhlophe, 400-680 nm) kwasetshenziswa izinsuku ezingu-10. Amaza amaza aluhlaza nabomvu ayesebenza ngempumelelo ekunxenxeni nasekuqongeleleni i-chlorophyll, i-carotenoids, nama-glycoalkaloid amazambane amabili ayinhloko, i-α-solanine ne-α-chaconine, kuyilapho kungekho neyodwa yawo enqwabelene ebumnyameni noma ngaphansi kokukhanya okubomvu kakhulu. Izakhi zofuzo ezingukhiye ze-chlorophyll biosynthesis (HEMA1, ehlanganisa i-enzyme ekhawula izinga le-glutamyl-tRNA reductase, GSA, CHLH, ne-GUN4) kanye nezakhi zofuzo eziyisithupha (HMG1, SQS, CAS1, SSR2, SGT1, kanye ne-SGT2) ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe I-glycoalkaloids nayo yenziwa ngokukhanya okumhlophe, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu, kodwa hhayi ebumnyameni noma ngokukhanya okubomvu okude (Fig.3,4,5). Le datha ikhombisa indima yakho kokubili ama-photoreceptors e-cryptochromic kanye ne-phytochromic ekuqoqweni kwe-chlorophyll nama-glycoalkaloids. Umnikelo we-phytochrome uphinde wasekelwa ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhanya okubomvu kude kungavimbela ukunqwabelana okumhlophe okubangelwa ukukhanya kwe-chlorophyll nama-glycoalkaloids kanye nokubonakaliswa kofuzo okuhlobene.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamazambane zikhiqiza i-chlorophyll nombala oluhlaza ngamanani ahlukene, okuqinisekiswe izifundo eziningi. Isibonelo, i-Norway ihlonze umehluko obonakalayo ekushintsheni kombala phakathi kwama-cultivar futhi yathuthukisa izikali zokulinganisa ezihlukile zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezisekelwe ezilinganisweni ezinembile ze-chlorophyll nombala. Ukushintsha kombala okubukwayo kwezinhlobo ezine zamazambane agcinwe amahora angama-84 ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-LED kukhonjisiwe ku-Fig. 6.
I-cultivar enesikhumba esibomvu i-Asterix (Fig. 6a) ibonise ukwanda okukhulu kwe-hue angle, ukusuka kokubomvu kuya kokunsundu, kuyilapho i-Folva ephuzi (Fig. 6b) ishintshile kusukela ekuphuzi-okuluhlaza kuya kokuluhlaza okuphuzi. I-Celandie ephuzi (Fig. 6c) ibonise ukuguqulwa okuncane kakhulu kwayo yonke imingcele yombala lapho ibhekene nokukhanya, kuyilapho izinhlobonhlobo eziphuzi ze-Mandel (Fig. 6d) zishintshe umbala ngokuphawulekayo, kusukela kophuzi kuya kokumpunga. Ngefomu ledijithali, igrafu yokuguqulwa kombala wezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane ekukhanyeni ibonakala kanje (Fig. 7).
Kulolu cwaningo, zonke izinhlobo ngaphandle kwe-Mandel zibonise ukwanda okukhulu kwengqikithi ye-glycoalkaloid ngemva kwamahora angaphezu kwama-36 okukhanya okukhanyayo. Kodwa amandla ezinguquko kanye nezinga lokuqukethwe kwe-HCA lihluka kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene: i-Asterix - isuka ku-179 iye ku-223 mg/kg, i-Nansen - isuka ku-93 iye ku-160 mg/kg, i-Rutt - isuka ku-136 iye ku-180 mg/kg, i-Celandin - isuka 149 kuya ku-182 mg / kg, Folva - kusuka 199 kuya 290 mg/kg, Hassel - kusuka 137 kuya 225 mg/kg, Mandel - akukho ushintsho (192-193) mg/kg.
E-New Zealand, lonke uhlobo lwezwe lwamazambane lwahlolwa ngokuqina kokutshala. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi inani chlorophyll in nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngemva kwamahora 120 okukhanyisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ihluke ngokuhleleka magnitude - kusuka 0,5 kuya 5,0 mg (Fig. 8).
Iziphetho ezibalulekile ezisebenzayo zilandela kulolu lwazi lochwepheshe. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya, i-chlorophyll ikhiqizwa emazambane, enikeza inyama umbala oluhlaza, futhi isikhumba sibe nombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsundu. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamazambane zakha izinhlobo ezihlukene zokushintsha umbala nangamazinga ahlukene. Ukwakheka kokukhanya okubonakalayo kushintsha ngandlela-thile ukuguquguquka kokunqwabelana kwe-chlorophyll, kodwa inketho yokusebenzisa i-spectrum ebomvu kakhulu, kanye nobumnyama (okungaholeli ekuqongeleleni kwe-chlorophyll), ayibalulekile ezitolo ezithengisa amazambane. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziqongelela i-chlorophyll ephindwe ka-10 ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya ezifanayo. Amandla okunqwabelana kwe-glycoalkaloid ahlukile ku-dynamics of greening. Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi inani lokuqala le-HCA kuma-tubers ngaphambi kokungena kwezohwebo kanye nokuqala kokukhanyisa okujulile alilingani no-zero, ngokungafani ne-chlorophyll, futhi ingaba ephawulekayo. Ukuqina okuphansi kokutshala kwezinhlobo eziningi kunquma kusengaphambili ukuba khona kwamazambane isikhathi eside emashalofini esitolo, okuholela ekuqongeleleni okuphezulu kwe-HCA.
Njengoba izikhalazo mayelana nokunambitheka okubabayo azenzeki minyaka yonke, kuyadingeka ukuthola ezinye izizathu zokwanda kwezinga le-glycoalkaloids kuma-tubers angekho ngenxa yokukhanyisa noma izici ze-varietal esigabeni sokuqaliswa. Empeleni, ubudlelwano obusebenzayo phakathi kokuluhlaza kanye nokuqoqwa kwe-glycoalkaloids kusho isidingo sokuhlaziya izimbangela zokutshala. Izici zokukhiqiza ezithinta ukutshala nokuqoqwa kwe-HCA:
- Izimo zokukhula: Njengoba ziyiziqu ezingaphansi komhlaba, izilimo eziyizigaxa zingashintsha ngokwemvelo zibe luhlaza ensimini lapho umhlabathi ungambozeki ngokwanele, ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwenhlabathi, noma ngenxa yokuguguleka komoya kanye/noma ngenkasa. Unalokhu engqondweni, amazambane kufanele atshalwe ajule ngokwanele ngenkathi egcina umswakama owanele wenhlabathi ukuqinisekisa ukuvela okusheshayo nokufana okufanayo. Ukwanda okulinganayo kokuqina kwe-tuber greening kwenzeka ngokwanda kwesimiso se-nitrogen enhlabathini sisuka ku-0 siye ku-300 kg/ha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abacwaningi baqaphela ukuthi i-nitrogen evamile ngesikhathi sokutshala inyusa okuqukethwe kwe-glycoalkaloids ngo-10% kwezinye izinhlobo. ama-glycoalkaloids. Isimo sezulu, ukuphakama, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, umswakama womhlabathi, ukutholakala kukamanyolo, ukungcoliswa komoya, isikhathi sokuvuna, imithi yokwelapha izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nokuchayeka elangeni konke okubalulekile.
- Ukuvuthwa kwe-Tuber ekuvuneni Umthelela wokuvuthwa ekuvuneni ezikhathini zokutshala kuyaphikisana. Amazambane amancane anezikhumba ezibushelelezi nezincane angashintsha abe luhlaza ngokushesha kunama-tubers asekhulile. Izinhlobo ezisanda kukhula zingase zibonise ukunqwabelana okukhulu kwama-glycoalkaloid kunama-tuber avuthwa sekwephuzile, kodwa kunobufakazi obuphikisayo ezifundweni ezithile.
- Ukulimala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa akuthinti ukuqoqwa kwe-chlorophyll nganoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa kubangela ukuqoqwa kwe-HCA (izinga le-HCA likhuphuka kakhulu njengoba lenza ngenxa yokuchayeka ekukhanyeni (Fig. 9).
- Izimo zokugcina. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezigcinwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi akulula ukuba zibe luhlaza kanye nokunqwabelana kwe-HCA. Izicubu zesikhumba samazambane ku-1 no-5 ° C ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-fluorescent azizange zibonise ukushintsha kombala ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 zokugcinwa, kuyilapho izicubu ezigcinwe ku-10 kanye no-15 ° C zashintsha zibe luhlaza kusukela ezinsukwini zesine nesibili, ngokulandelana. Izinga lokushisa lokugcina elingu-20°C ngaphansi kokukhanya lifakazele ukuthi lilungele ukukhiqizwa kwe-chlorophyll, uma liqhathaniswa nezitolo eziningi zezitolo. Ama-Glycoalkaloids anqwabelana ngokushesha okuphindwe kabili ku-24°C kunaku-7°C ekamelweni elimnyama, futhi ukukhanya kusheshisa le nqubo nakakhulu.
- Izinto zokupakisha. Ukukhethwa kwamaphakheji ezitolo zezitolo kuyisici esibalulekile ekulawuleni ukutshala nokuqoqwa kwe-HCA. Izinto zokupakisha ezibonisa ngale noma ezikhanyayo zikhuthaza ukuluhlaza kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-HCA, kuyilapho ukupakisha okumnyama (noma okuluhlaza) kwehlisa ukuwohloka.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile okuqinisekisiwe, singaphetha ngokuzethemba ukuthi izinga eliphakeme lama-glycoalkaloid ezigabeni zamazambane zesizini yamanje uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga elijwayelekile kungenxa yezimo ezingezinhle zokwakheka kwezitshalo. Isikhathi eside sokushisa nesomiso ngoJulayi - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kwabambezeleka ukuvuthwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nokumuncwa kwe-nitrogen, inhlabathi emagqumeni emasimini ngaphandle kokuchelela kwaqhekeka. Ukuqala kokuvuna kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda senhlabathi eyomile ngokweqile kanye nenani elikhulu lezigaxa eziqinile, okwaholela ekulimazeni okukhulayo kuma-tubers. Kamuva, ijubane lokuvuna lehla ngenxa yemvula enkulu. Izinkambu ngemuva kokususwa kwe-desiccation, i.e. ngaphandle kokufiphaza ubuso bomhlaba, balinda isikhathi eside ukuze bavune. Lezi zimo ezingezinhle zibe nomthelela kokubili ekwenzeni izilimo eziyizigaxa zibe luhlaza kanye nokwakheka kwenani elingaphezu kokuvamile le-HCA kuzo.
Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela ukunqwabelana okungafuneki kwama-glycoalkaloid zehlela emkhawulweni onzima wokuchayeka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ekukhanyeni ngesikhathi kulinywa, ukugcinwa nokudayiswa, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nesizinda samazinga okushisa aphezulu. Izindlela zezolimo ezifana nokujula okulungile kokutshala, ukwakheka kwamagquma amakhulu, amanani afanele kamanyolo asetshenziswa njalo kubuchwepheshe besimanje bokukhiqiza amazambane. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingavuthiwe ziqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-solanine kunezilimo eziyizigaxa ezivuthiwe. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungavuni kusenesikhathi, ukomise iziqu ngendlela enokwethenjelwa, futhi uvumele isikhathi esanele (amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu) ukuze izilimo eziyizigaxa zivuthwe. Okuqinisekisiwe ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwamagquma kungenzeka kuphela ngosizo lokuchelela okufika ngesikhathi nokwanele okwanele. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa imiphumela yokuqhekeka esikhathini sangaphambi kokuvuna, ngemva kokwethulwa kwama-desiccants, ngokugoqa ama-ridges. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imishini ekhethekile yama-rolling ridges ikhiqizwa ngobuningi, isibonelo, i-GRIMME RR 600, kunezinketho zokuhlanganisa nama-defoliators (Fig. 10). Kodwa-ke, eRussian Federation zisasetshenziswa kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le ndlela yezolimo ilula, ishibhile, ikhiqiza futhi iyasebenza. Izinga le-HCA lithonywa kakhulu imiphumela ehlanganisiwe yekhwalithi yokukhanya, ubude nobukhulu. I-Chlorophyll iluhlaza ngoba iveza ukukhanya okuluhlaza kuyilapho idonsa okubomvu-ophuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukwakheka kwe-chlorophyll kunamandla kakhulu ngaphansi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noku-orange-red (Fig. 11). Ngaphansi kokukhanya okuluhlaza, amazambane aluhlaza akwenzeki, futhi ngaphansi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma kwe-ultraviolet, kwenzeka ngezinga elibuthakathaka. Izibani ze-Fluorescent zibangela uhlaza oluningi kunezibani ze-incandescent. Izigaba, izindawo zokugcina amazambane kufanele zibe nokukhanya okufiphele futhi kupholile. Ukuchayeka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa endaweni yokugcina elangeni kufanele kugwenywe. Sebenzisa ama-wattage incandescent bulbs futhi ungawashiyi isikhathi eside kunesidingo. Umhlabathi ongaphezulu kwezilimo eziyizigaxa unikeza isivikelo ekuchayekeni ekukhanyeni nasekulungisweni kwendawo. Amazambane ahlanziwe aphenduka abe luhlaza ngokushesha. Uma izambane seliba luhlaza, alibuyiseleki emuva futhi kufanele lihlungwe ngaphambi kokuthengiswa.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-Light Emitting Diode (LED) buvula amathuba amasha okuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-solanine kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza amazambane emva kokuvuna. Izibani ezikhethekile ezikhiqizwe ngokuqinile embonini yamazambane, ezisebenza ku-spectrum ye-520-540 nm (Fig. 12). Ukukhanya, okubonwa njengokuluhlaza ngeso lomuntu, kuvimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukwakheka kwe-chlorophyll ne-solanine futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuyisici esibalulekile ekugcineni inani lamazambane ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kanye nokucubungula okuqhubekayo. Izibani ezinjalo zisebenza ngokukhethekile ezindaweni zokulungiselela ukuthengiswa kwangaphambili kanye nokugcinwa kokudayiswa kwamazambane ahlanganisiwe. Futhi omunye umthetho ojwayelekile: gcina izinga lokushisa lesitoreji liphansi ngokunengqondo futhi ugcine amazambane omile, njengoba umswakama ukhulisa amandla okukhanya kukhasi.
Uhlobo nombala wento yokupakisha ithinta ukushuba kokunqwabelana kwe-HCA. Ukumaketha nokukhangisa eceleni, kungcono ukupakisha amazambane akho ephepheni elimnyama noma ezikhwameni zepulasitiki ezimnyama ukuze ugweme ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni. Kukhona nesincomo sokuthi izinto zokupakisha zezinhlobo zamazambane ezizwelayo kufanele zibe nokudluliswa kokukhanya okuphelele okungaphansi kuka-0,02 W/m2. Amazinga aphansi kanjalo okungena kokukhanya angenzeka kuphela uma epakishwe epulasitiki emnyama enezingqimba ezimbili ne-aluminium. Izikhwama zokubuka ze-cellophane eziluhlaza zivimbela ukuluhlaza futhi azikhuthazi ukwakheka kwe-solanine. Kuyacaca ukuthi izincomo ezinjalo zingena esigabeni sezinhloso ezinhle uma kuziwa ekuthengisweni kokudayisa amazambane. Imibala yokupakisha kwezohwebo ikhethwa kuphela kumongo wokukhuthazwa kokuthengisa.
Izimo zokukhanyisa ezitolo ezithengisayo nazo zinzima ukuzimisa. Azikho izinkampani zezentengiselwano eziklama ukukhanya okusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi ukunqwabelana okuncane kwe-HCA nokuba luhlaza kubonakala ku-spectrum engu-525-575 nm. Ngisho nendlela yokuvikela edingekayo futhi elula njengokumboza amazambane ngezinto zokuvikela ukukhanya ngesikhathi sokuphumula akuvamile ukwenziwa ezitolo.
Isifinyezo esingenhla sibala zonke izindlela zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo zokulawula ukunqwabelana kwama-glycoalkaloid ezigabeni zamazambane. Kube nemizamo eminingi yokuthola izindlela ezinqala zokuqeda ukungathathi hlangothi: ukwelashwa ngamafutha, ama-wax, ama-surfactants, amakhemikhali, izilawuli zokukhula kanye nemisebe ye-ionizing, ezimweni eziningi ezibonise ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela azisetshenziswa ekusebenzeni ngenxa yobunzima, izindleko eziphezulu kanye nezinkinga zemvelo.
Amathemba akhanyayo amenyezelwa abalandeli bobuchwepheshe obusha bokuhlela i-genome kanye "nokuvala" ufuzo lokuhlanganiswa kwe-chlorophyll ne-HCA. Le misebenzi yenziwa ngenkuthalo futhi yenziwa ngokucophelela emazweni amaningi, lapho lobu buchwepheshe buhlukaniswa njengezinhlobonhlobo ze-GMO (kuhlukaniswa ku-Russian Federation), kunezincwadi eziningi ngalesi sihloko, kodwa kuze kube manje asikho isidingo sokukhuluma. mayelana nezimpumelelo ezingokoqobo. Njengezindlela eziningi zokuzalanisa ezihlongozwe ngaphambilini, injabulo yokuqala evela ekutheni kungenzeka ukuhlela i-genome kancane kancane ithathelwa indawo ukuqwashisa ngobunkimbinkimbi obukhulu bezinqubo ze-metabolic. Kwanele ukubuka umdwebo obonisa izinqubo esezihlonziwe ezihlobene nokuhlanganiswa kwe-GCA kanye nezakhi zofuzo zamazambane ezihilelekile kulezi zinqubo (Fig. 13). Naphezu kokucaca okusobala kwalo mdwebo, amaqembu abacwaningi abashisekayo abaye balusukumela lolu daba abakakaphumeleli ekulawuleni inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka yokusebenzisana phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo eziningi kanye nemikhiqizo ehlanganiswe yibona. Ukuvimbela okubonakala sengathi kucacile, izakhi zofuzo ezilodwa akuholeli kuphela ezinguqukweni ezilindelekile emazingeni athile e-glycoalkaloids, kodwa futhi nezinguquko eziphawulekayo ekwakhekeni kweminye imikhiqizo ye-biochemical, lapho umsebenzi wokuhlela ungazange ubekwe khona.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangaphandle kokulinda impumelelo yesikhathi esizayo ekuhleleni i-genome, zonke izinhlobo zamazambane ezithengiswayo okwamanje zinokuqukethwe okuphansi, okuphephile kwama-glycoalkaloids, ngenxa yokwehla okungaguquki kwalesi nkomba phakathi namashumi eminyaka amaningi wokuzalanisa kwakudala. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobonhlobo ezinezinga eliphansi lokuqoqwa kwe-chlorophyll kanye nokuhlaza kwepeel, lokhu akuyona into ebuyisela emuva futhi akusona isizathu sokuyenqaba. Kodwa lapho uthengisa amazambane, kubalulekile ukwazisa ngokusemthethweni izinhlangano zezohwebo ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zihlukile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ekukhanyeni kanye nezimangalo ezibangelwa abathengi zokunambitheka okubabayo okungalindelekile ngaphandle kokutshala okusobala.