Imakethe yezitshalo zemifino namazambane iyathuthuka; ngezindawo ezizinzile ngaphansi kwezitshalo, isivuno sabo esiphelele sikhula unyaka nonyaka. Lokhu kukhombisa ukwanda kokuqina kokukhiqiza. Okubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo ezifweni nasezilokazaneni.
Namuhla, uhla lwemithi ebhalisiwe yokuvikela izitshalo zemifino lubanzi kakhulu, kodwa aluhlinzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuvikelwa okuphelele nokuphephile. Abakhiqizi badinga izixazululo ezintsha ezizosiza ukuvikela izitshalo zemifino ezifweni zesikhunta futhi zilondoloze isivuno esizayo.
I-Syngenta ihola intuthuko yakamuva engxenyeni yayo enkulu yocwaningo nentuthuko. Kusukela kulo nyaka, inkampani inikeza isibulala-sikhunta esisha - i-MIRAVIS®, esakhiwe ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe be-ADEPIDIN®. Kuzosiza ukuvikela izitshalo ezahlukahlukene isikhathi eside ezingeni elisha kakhulu kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo zokukhunta, ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima zezulu.
“Inhliziyo” yomuthi wokukhunta we-MIRAVIS® I-molecule entsha ye-N-methoxy-pyrazole-carboxamide (ubuchwepheshe be-ADEPIDINE®), intuthuko yakamuva yososayensi be-Syngenta. Lo mmeleli onamandla wesigaba samakhemikhali se-carboxamides unendlela eyingqayizivele yokusebenza kumagciwane futhi, kanye nezifo eziyinhloko zezitshalo zezolimo, uvikela izitshalo kumagciwane anzima okulawula njenge-apula scab, i-botrytis, i-sclerotinia ne-fusarium. Ezitshalweni zemifino, i-spectrum eyinhloko yesenzo sesidakamizwa i-MIRAVIS® – Alternaria blight, powdery mildew, ukubola kwentamo, septoria blight, stemphylliosis, njll.
Izakhiwo ezihlukile zobuchwepheshe be-ADEPIDIN® hlinzeka ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwenza izinto eziyingozi:
- Ingxenye ye-pyrazole ye-molecule inikeza umphumela onamandla kuma-pathogens.
- Ingxenye ye-N-methoxy inikeza i-spectrum ebanzi kakhulu yokusebenza phakathi kwama-molecule esigaba esifanayo (SDHI-carboxamides).
- Ingxenye ye-lipophilic ye-molecule (i-ethyl bridge ne-phenyl) inikeza isenzo esihlala isikhathi eside, ukumelana nemvula kanye nokumelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Ngenxa yalezi zici, isibulala-sikhunta i-MIRAVIS® ilawula ngempumelelo uhla olubanzi lwezifo zokukhunta zezitshalo eziningi zemifino.
Anyanisi
Ukusetshenziswa kabili kwesidakamizwa i-MIRAVIS® ku-anyanisi kukuvumela ukuthi uyivikele ezifweni eziyinkimbinkimbi: i-Alternaria, i-Stemphylia (isikhunta esimnyama), ukubola okuphansi kwe-Fusarium nokubola kwentamo. Uma kucatshangelwa ukushintshwa kwe-vector yokukhiqiza u-anyanisi ekugcinweni, indaba yokugcinwa isikhathi eside kuka-anyanisi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yi-pathogen efana ne-neck rot ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela ukubola kwentamo ka-anyanisi kuwuhlu oluphelele lwezinyathelo, okuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kuka-anyanisi ngesikhathi sokukhula ku-downy mildew, i-Alternaria blight, i-thrips kagwayi, nezinambuzane ze-lepidopteran; umsoco olinganiselayo wamaminerali futhi, ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula, ngaphambi kokufaka iziqongo, ukwelashwa kwesibili nge-MIRAVIS®, elivala leli ketango futhi ligcine isivuno sinempilo kuze kube intwasahlobo.
Izaqathe
Engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi yokukhula, ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla futhi kunemvula enkulu, izaqathe zihlaselwa i-powdery mildew kanye ne-Alternaria. Imithi yokuvimbela izovikela isitshalo - MIRAVIS® ngesilinganiso se-0,35-0,4 l/ha ivala "isango" kumagciwane esikhunta, isiza ukulondoloza hhayi kuphela isisindo semifino, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi yesivuno esizayo.
Ukubola okumhlophe kwezaqathi (i-sclerotinia, njll. I-Sclerotinia spp.) kuyinkinga enkulu kubakhiqizi abaningi. Le pathogen ayizivezi nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphansi kwezimo zensimu; ingatholwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokugcinwa. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokukhula, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola isitshalo sezimpande esinempilo ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi yokukhula, lapho amaqabunga angaphandle engakathinti inhlabathi noma phezulu kwesitshalo sezimpande zikakarothi, kubalulekile ukufaka i-MIRAVIS.® ngesilinganiso se-1,0 l/ha - lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwezifo futhi kwandise impilo yeshalofu yezaqathi.
Iklabishi
Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela ngesikhunta se-MIRAVIS® ngokumelene ne-Alternaria kusiza ukuvikela iklabishi futhi uthole isivuno esiphezulu.
Amazambane
Elinye lamagciwane elidala umonakalo omkhulu kubalimi lapho betshala amazambane yi-Alternaria. Ikhula kakhulu ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esomile futhi esishisayo. Ukushoda kwesivuno ngenxa yokufa ngokushesha kweziqongo kufinyelela ku-50%, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane ezingenwa yilesi sifo.
Ngokocwaningo, isu elingcono kakhulu lokuqukatha okulimaza i-Alternaria ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokulungiselela ukuthintana, bese usebenzisa amalungiselelo ahlelekile (ukwelashwa okukodwa kwe-Alternaria ekwelapheni okubili ngokumelene nokulimaza sekwephuzile). Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-Alternaria, futhi ezinye zazo okunzima ukubhekana nazo usebenzisa izindlela ezivamile. I-pathogen yeqiniso Alternaria solani ingalawulwa ngokugcwele noma ngokwengxenye ngama-fungicides, kodwa i-saprophyte A. okunye i-pathogen okunzima ukuyilawula. Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-Alternaria oluzothelela amazambane ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukusebenza kahle kokulawula nge-MIRAVIS® kuyinto 100% for A.solani futhi 70-80% - for A. okunye, ephakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yemithi ebulala isikhunta eyinhloko yalo mkhakha wesenzo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulawulwa kwe-Alternaria blight kufanele kwenziwe ngokuningiliziwe, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngokuvimbela futhi kushintshwe nemithi enezithako ezisebenzayo ezivela kwamanye amaqembu amakhemikhali (SCOR®, REVUS® Phezulu). I-MIRAVIS® ingasetshenziswa kumxube wethangi namalungiselelo e-REVUS® noma i-KARIAL® I-Flex.
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