Abantu baqala ukutshala ukudla eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 000 edlule, kodwa amaSapien asendulo ayengacabangi ukuthi esikhathini esizayo sokuvuna ummbila. abalimi kuzodingeka ukuthi uqale ufake i-firmware yase-Ukraine edliwe, bese ulungisa amakhodi wephutha usebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-OBD-II.
Ngokuvamile, "abaduni" bangochwepheshe bezokuphepha bekhompyutha abafuna ubungozi ezinhlelweni ze-IT. Kepha e-US, abalimi abajwayelekile manje baphoqeleka ukuthi bangene emishinini yabo ukuze nje baqhubeke nokusebenza.
U-Habré usebhale kakade ngalesi simo esingenangqondo. U-John Deere kanye nabanye abakhiqizi abakhulu benza kube nzima kubalimi ukuzilungisa ngangokunokwenzeka. I-logic icishe ifane neye-Apple: bathi, ochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe kuphela abavela ezikhungweni ezinophawu banganikeza isevisi ephezulu, ngakho-ke amathuluzi okuxilonga awakwazi ukusabalalisa kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa kuphela kubathengisi abagunyaziwe.
Abalimi yibo kuphela abalimala kuqala. Lolu uhlobo lokuqala lokumelana. Ngokuzayo, akubona abalimi kuphela, kodwa wonke umuntu angase abe yizisulu zenqubomgomo enjalo uma izinkampani zethula imingcele efanayo ekulungiseni izimoto, amalaptop, ama-smartphone, namathelevishini. Umhlaba wonke uya ngokuya uba "smart", ngakho uhlu luzokhula. Ngamunye wethu kuyodingeka enze ukukhetha: noma ukuthobela imigomo yenhlangano ukusebenzisa idivayisi yayo, noma ukuba hacker.
Imikhiqizo esiyisebenzisayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke iba ngobuchwepheshe kakhulu, kangangokuthi siya ngokuya sincika ezinhlelweni zamakhompyutha. Izinkampani ziyakuqonda lokhu - futhi zilwela ukugcina ukulawula isofthiwe ngemva kokudayiswa ukuze konke ukulungisa kube nenzuzo. Kunezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko zemali engenayo: 1) ukuthengiswa kwezingxenye; 2) izikhungo zesevisi; 3) izitifiketi zozakwethu. Ngezindleko zabo, umenzi ukwandisa kakhulu umkhawulo. Esikhundleni semajini ephansi ka-5-10% womkhiqizi "oyisimungulu" ojwayelekile, ibhizinisi lesimanje elithuthukile lithola u-40-50% kudivayisi ngayinye ngenxa yenani elingeziwe. Yile ndlela imikhiqizo ephezulu yekhulu lama-21 efana ne-Tesla ne-Apple ehluke ngayo kubakhiqizi abavamile abafana ne-Ford ne-Huawei: bakha ibhizinisi labo empahleni yengqondo, ekhiqiza inzuzo enkulu kakhulu kunomkhiqizi "oyisimungulu".
Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi zonke izinhlelo zilawulwa yikhompyutha, umlimi akakwazi ukulungisa imishini eyedwa, ngoba akakwazi ukuthola amathuluzi okuhlola okuphathelene. Kuzodingeka alethe ugandaganda kumdayisi ogunyaziwe (amakhilomitha angamashumi) noma alinde uchwepheshe ovela ku-John Deere ukuthi afike.
Isibonelo, omunye wabalimi watshela icala: amabhande okushayela, ukwahlulela ngekhompyutha esebhodini, alahlekelwa amandla - futhi kwadingeka balinde usuku lonke kuze kufike ummeleli osemthethweni wenkampani: "Uchwepheshe ufikile. Kwamthatha amahora ambalwa ukuthola ukuthi inzwa eyodwa yehlulekile. Inzwa eyodwa nje encane, futhi ibiza u- $ 120, ”kukhononda umlimi owongayo.
Abalimi baba yizisulu zokuqala "zokuvalwa kabusha" njengoba impahla eningi yasepulazini idinga ukunakekelwa njalo.
Izinkampani ezinjengoJohn Deere zenza ukulungisa “okungagunyaziwe” kube nzima ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuthintana nabathengisi abagunyaziwe. Abalimi babheka leli su lebhizinisi njengokuhlasela kwamalungelo abo omhlaba asemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, kwaqala ukugetshengwa okukhulu kogandaganda.
Manje kulo lonke elase-American hinterland, abalimi abangeneme basebenzisa i-firmware evela eMpumalanga Yurophu (basho lokho kusuka ePoland nase-Ukraine) ukugebenga. Isoftware ye-Hacker ithengiswa ezinkundleni, lapho umnyango ungeniswa ngezimemo.
Ezinye izinhlelo zisesidlangalaleni. Isibonelo, ithuluzi lokuxilonga le-PolyCAN lithuthukiswa yi-California Polytechnic State University ngosekelo lwezezimali oluvela ku-iFixit. Iphrojekthi yezemfundo ingaphansi kokukhululwa ku-DMCA, okusho ukuthi ingasetshenziselwa ukugebenga ugandaganda, kodwa ngezinjongo zemfundo kuphela, hhayi ngezinjongo zezohwebo.
Amasayithi e-Clandestine athengisa ezinye izinsiza zokuxilonga, amafayela alayishiwe, kanye ne-firmware ye-Electronic Data Link (EDL) exhumana nesilawuli sikagandaganda. Kukhona futhi amajeneretha okhiye belayisense, iziguquli zomkhawulo wesivinini esiphezulu, izintambo zobunjiniyela ezihlehlayo ezivumela ugandaganda ukuthi ulawulwe kwikhompyutha.
Futhi lokhu akukhona ukwephulwa komthetho. Ngo-Okthoba 2015, zonke izimoto ezihamba phansi, okuhlanganisa nogandaganda, zakhululwa ku-DMCA, okwenza kube semthethweni ukugqekeza imoto yakho.
Nakuba i-firmware egcwele ubugebengu isemthethweni, lokho akusho ukuthi iphephile, ithembekile, noma isebenziseka kalula. Yingakho umphakathi uphusha kanzima ukuze i-firmware esemthethweni yembulwe. Inhlangano Yelungelo Lokulungisa ifuna umthetho odinga ukuthi abakhiqizi bathengise izingxenye, amathuluzi nezinhlelo zolwazi kubathengi nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi ezizimele. Iphuzu liwukuthi uma ukulungisa akudingi imvume yomkhiqizi, inqubo izoba eshibhile kakhulu.
Inzwa efanayo esibonelweni esingenhla ingathengwa umlimi esitolo sobunjiniyela bomsakazo ngama- $ 2 futhi ithengiswe eyedwa, kunokuba akhokhele umdayisi u- $ 120 wokuxilongwa nokulungisa. Noma ucime lezi zinzwa ezingadingekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ogandaganda basebenze ngokujwayelekile iminyaka eyikhulu.
Ukugetshengwa kogandaganda e-United States sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha, kanti abakhiqizi yibo abanecala. “Ezinsukwini zakudala, ukulungisa kwakudinga isikrufu, isando ne-pry bar,” kusho unjiniyela uKevin Kenny. "Namuhla, wonke amasistimu alawulwa yi-firmware, ngakho-ke isoftware iyadingeka ukuze kuqalwe, kusebenze futhi kulinganiswe imishini."
Namuhla, okungenani izifundazwe ezingama-20 zicubungula uMthetho Welungelo Lokulungisa, okhuthazwa yiNhlangano Yokulungisa. Kwethenjwa ukuthi lo mthetho uzosebenza futhi uzodala i-ecosystem enobulungiswa ukuze kulungiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe imishini.
Izishoshovu ze-Repair Association zikholelwa ukuthi uma izifundazwe ezingamashumi amabili ziphasisa amalungelo okulungisa imithetho, izobeka isibonelo kwezinye izimboni. Isibonelo, kuzosiza umphakathi wabanikazi be-Tesla nabo abalwela ilungelo elinjalo.