Cishe ngeke kube khona ukuphindaphinda kokukhuphuka okubukhali kwezindleko ze "borscht set" okwenzeka ebusika obudlule ngenxa yokuvuna okuhle kwemifino. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, ukuguquguquka kwezinkathi zonyaka kwamanani kubo kuzohlala. Ochwepheshe benkampani "August" batshele ngezici eziyinhloko zokugcinwa kwezitshalo kanye nezinambuzane, izifo nokulawula ukhula ezitshalweni zemifino. - umkhiqizi omkhulu waseRussia wemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo (PPP).
Izitshalo zemifino ezindaweni ezinkulu (u-anyanisi, utamatisi, isanqante, i-table beet, okungukuthi, okuthiwa isethi ye-borscht) zidinga kakhulu ukuvikelwa. Isidingo sama-ejenti amakhemikhali nawemvelo kulezi zinhloso kungenxa, ikakhulukazi, iqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi wezandla ubiza kakhulu namuhla, kuyilapho ukufinyelela inani elanele lomsebenzi kuncipha futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola inani elifanele labasebenzi. ngisho nemali eningi, "kusho uDmitry Belov, iNhloko yoMnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo we-JSC Firm "August".
Imifino isengozini ezinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane. Lezi yizifo zokukhunta, igciwane, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izinambuzane eziningi ezithile ezilawulwa inani elikhulu lemithi ebanzi kwezinye izitshalo. Nakuba izitshalo zemifino kudingekile ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo athile, njengokuthi, isibonelo, ukulwa nezibungu zezinambuzane ze-lepidoptera. Izilawuli zokukhula kwezinambuzane, ama-ovicides, ama-larvicides, axosha izimbuzane, njll.
Ukuvikelwa nakho kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokugcinwa. Imifino ehlukene inemigomo nezidingo ezihluke kakhulu zezimo zokugcina, okuyinto ngokujwayelekile isithende se-Achilles sokukhula kwemifino: izindawo zokugcina ezilawulwa yisimo sezulu ziyadingeka ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imikhiqizo kufanele ithunyelwe ezindaweni zokugcina izinto esimweni esinempilo, futhi ukuvikela okufika ngesikhathi kubalulekile lapha.
Esinye isici esinquma isidingo sokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ezitshalweni zemifino yizindleko eziphezulu zembewu. Ngakho-ke, intengo yephakethe lekhilogremu lembewu ye-anyanisi ephezulu ingafinyelela kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, izifo ezinjenge-stemfiliasis noma i-peronosporosis, ukubola kwe-fusarium kwama-donuts, ukubola kwentamo, kanye nezinambuzane (isibonelo, ama-thrips) kungabangela ukufa kwezitshalo kuzo zonke izindawo zomnotho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma kuholele ekutheni , ngemva kokulahlekelwa isethulo, umkhiqizo onjalo ungathengiswa. imikhiqizo ngeke yenzeke. Ukukhiqizwa emapulazini emifino ngokuvamile akuhlukanisiwe, njengoba kwenzeka ngezitshalo zasensimini, lapho, sithi, ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno sommbila kukhishwa imiphumela emihle ekuvuneni kukabhekilanga. Ngokwesibonelo, ezifundeni zaseStavropol, Kuban, Volgograd, Saratov, Astrakhan, kukhona abalimi abasebenza ngokukhethekile ngo-anyanisi, futhi uma befa, umnotho wezomnotho nawo uyafa, futhi ukungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu kuholela ekuqoqweni. Ngakho-ke, emathubeni amancane okuthuthukisa i-pathogen, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngengxube yethangi yezidakamizwa eziphumelelayo ngokumelene nenkimbinkimbi yamagciwane.
Ngokusho kongoti bale nkampani, izinhlelo zokuvikela iklabishi zinokuthile okufanayo nezinhlelo zokuvikela isitshalo esidumile njenge-rapeseed: zivela emndenini owodwa we-cruciferous. Imithi yokubulala ukhula esekelwe, ikakhulukazi, i-C-metolachlor isetshenziswa lapha; kwezitshalo ezimelene nokhula, i-clopyralid, i-picloram, i-etamesulfuron-methyl isetshenziswa. Ngezifo, imininingwane icishe ifane: ngosizo lwezidakamizwa ezibhaliselwe ukusetshenziswa ku-rapeseed nezinye izitshalo, iklabishi ivikelekile ku-Alternaria, ukubola okumhlophe nokumpunga, kanye ne-mucous bacteriosis. Ezaqathe eRussia, kunesethi esebenzayo yemithi yokubulala ukhula enhlabathini kanye nemithi yokubulala ukhula yezitshalo ngokumelene nokhula lwe-dicotyledonous kanye ne-cereal; kunenani elanele lamalungiselelo e-fungicidal ngokumelene ne-septoria, i-alternaria, i-downy mildew emakethe. Uhlelo lokuvikela isithombo sebhitrudi setafula siseduze nohlelo lokuvikela isithombo sebhitrudi, kanti ukuvikelwa kukatamatisi kufana ngezindlela eziningi nokuvikela amazambane, ngaphandle kokuthi utamatisi kufanele uvikeleke eqenjini lokubola - okumpunga kanye ne-sclerotinia, amagciwane e-anthracnose. Eningizimu yeRussia, utamatisi ubuye uvikelwe ezibungwini zesicabucabu kanye ne-cotton bollworm. Ngokuqondene no-anyanisi, uhlelo lokuvikela olubucayi kakhulu luyatholakala kulo ezweni lakithi ngokusekelwe kumalungiselelo avela ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe naseRussia.
"Ukulawula ukhula kuwumsebenzi odla isikhathi esiningi," kugcizelela uDmitry Belov. - Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngisho namanje umsebenzi wezandla usetshenziswa ezindaweni zokususa ukhula, ukwelashwa kwe-herbicide kwenziwa kwizaqathi, ama-beet, u-anyanisi, utamatisi kanye neklabishi. Ukwakhiwa kwemishini engase ithathe indawo yayo kusesezingeni lokuqala lapho kusetshenziswa abalimi abangomshini kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokubona komshini kanye namanethiwekhi emizwa. Ikakhulukazi isidingo sokuqashelwa nokususwa kokhula ngale ndlela ezitshalweni eziluhlaza, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo zeklabishi zikalethisi. Ngokuvamile, emakethe yezolimo yomhlaba wonke, lobu buchwepheshe abufinyeleleki; amabhizinisi ezolimo ikakhulukazi asebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwe-herbicide, ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, emapulazini anezindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba wokulima, ukutshala ukhula ngesandla cishe akunakwenzeka. Ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula kuphephe nakakhulu kunokusebenzisa izisebenzi ezingenawo umdlandla.”
Inkinga yemakethe ye-PPP yezitshalo zemifino ukuthi izidakamizwa eziningi ezingabavikela ngokujwayelekile azibhalisiwe ukuze zisetshenziswe eRussia futhi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa (nakuba imikhiqizo enezithako ezisebenzayo ezifanayo ibhalisiwe futhi isetshenziselwa ngempumelelo ukuvikela imifino kwamanye amazwe. () izifunda). Kodwa inqubo yokubhalisa umuthi ezweni lakithi iwukuthi imithethonqubo yokufaka isicelo yenzelwe isitshalo ngasinye kanye nento ngayinye eyingozi ngokwehlukana. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhokhelwa kokubhalisa umuthi osetshenziswa kumahektha ayizigidi ezingama-40 wokusanhlamvu kuzoba ngokushesha kaningi kunomuthi osetshenziswa kumahektha angama-25 wezaqathi, ngakho-ke, izidakamizwa zezitshalo eziningi zabhaliswa kaningi nangaphezulu kumthamo ophelele. Njengamanje, imakethe yasekhaya yokuvikela izitshalo zemifino i-60-70% ithathwe imikhiqizo yezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Imvamisa bahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo kanye nembewu ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuze indlela eya kumthengi ngemikhiqizo yabo ibe mfushane kakhulu kunaleyo yabahlinzeki baseRussia. Iziqhwaga zakwamanye amazwe zaba ngabokuqala ukungena emakethe yasekhaya esafufusa, cishe kwakungekho mncintiswano phakathi kwabo - izinkampani ezi-2-3 ezabelana ngabathengi kuyo, nokho, imakethe yathuthukiswa kanye nokuqiniswa kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokugcinwa kwezinto kanye nezinhlelo zokugcinwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo. imikhiqizo yemifino. Namuhla, abakhiqizi abaningi baseRussia basebenza ngempumelelo kukho.
Lesi siqondiso sibuye sathuthukiswa yinkampani "August", futhi uma ngaphambili bekufanele ikhawulelwe emgqeni we-herbicide, namuhla i-assortment ihlanganisa ama-insecticide asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nama-fungicides ezitshalweni zemifino, okuhlanganisa okuyingqayizivele okunganelisa kokubili okuyisisekelo kanye ne-niche. izidingo zabalimi bemifino. Ukwenyuka kancane kancane kokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo zemifino yizinkampani zasekhaya kube eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.
“Ngo-2022, bekunezimo ezikahle kakhulu zezinkampani ezitshala imifino, ngokwesimo sezulu kanye nokungabi bikho kwezinambuzane ezibalulekile kanye namagciwane. Nokho, "isethi ye-borscht" iyonke izoqhubeka ikhuphuka kancane kancane intengo, - kuphawula uDmitry Belov. - Imbewu yezitshalo zemifino isalokhu iyisimo esiyivelakancane emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izitshalo, intengo yazo iyakhula, futhi ngaphandle kokubhekisela kuzinga lokushintshisana. Ezinye izinkampani zaseRussia zithuthukisa le ndawo, kodwa ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela obonakalayo, umsebenzi onjalo udinga ukunwetshwa izikhathi eziningi.”
Lo ngoti uthi kuze kube manje akukho mibandela yokwehlisa amanani entengo kamanyolo, noma imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, noma ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwemishini yezolimo. Ngasikhathi sinye, naphezu komthamo omkhulu wesivuno sasekhaya, ngeke kwenzeke ukugwema ukulethwa kwemifino ngoMashi noFebhuwari kusuka phesheya ngo-2023, njengoba izinguquko eziyisisekelo engqalasizinda yokugcina yaseRussia, ezovumela ukonga inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo. isikhathi eside, akukenzeki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho kungekho micimbi ye-force majeure, umthengi cishe ngeke abone ukushintshashintsha okubukhali kwezindleko "zesethi ye-borscht" ebonwe phakathi nonyaka wamanje.