Kuleli hlobo, abalimi baseRussia bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokusatshalaliswa kwemikhaza - ekuqaleni babelwelwa ikakhulukazi ezinsimini, kodwa ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, namuhla bathelela izitshalo zezitshalo eziningi ngokushesha. Ukuqubuka kweLepidoptera ehlukahlukene nakho kuqoshwa, ikakhulukazi, i-cotton bollworm, i-meadow moth, inundu yeklabishi. Lezi nezinye izinambuzane zezitshalo ezisebenzayo ngo-2022 zatshelwa ochwepheshe benkampani "August" - umkhiqizi omkhulu wasekhaya wemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo zamakhemikhali.
Ukunakwa komphakathi kuleli hlobo kudonse ukundiza kwesikhonyane eningizimu yeRussia - ikakhulukazi, e-Krasnodar Territory. Ochwepheshe bango-Agasti bayaqaphela: okokuqala, ukuqubuka kwakuhlotshaniswa nezinambuzane zendawo. Zibeka usongo olukhulu kubalimi, kodwa akuzona izinhlekelele zemvelo, njengoba ukuhlasela kwesikhonyane esivela e-Afrika nase-Asia (Isikhonyane sase-Italian, Isikhonyane sase-Moroccan kanye Nesikhonyane Esifudukayo sase-Asia) kubhekwa njengento enjalo. Okwesibili, indawo engaphansi kwezitshalo ethinteke kulokhu kuqubuka, esimweni esibi kakhulu, amaphesenti ambalwa wendawo yonke esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izitshalo. Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi isigaba esibalulekile ekulweni nesikhonyane ukucutshungulwa kusenesikhathi kwezindawo zasendaweni yaso. Njengomthetho, lezi ziyimishayo, izimbobo, izihosha, amahlozi omhlanga ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ukuqapha kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezenziwa ngezandla kanye nokuhlola imizila. Ochwepheshe bafuna "ama-pods" wesikhonyane, ngezinye izikhathi bathola izibungu. Kodwa-ke, i-foci engaba khona ngokuvamile kunzima ukuyifinyelela, ngakho-ke akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqeda ngokuphelele ingozi yokusabalala kwezinambuzane.
Enye inkinga osekuyiminyaka eminingi ikhungethe abalimi ukukhula kosongo lwezitshalo ngenxa yemikhaza. “Nakuba phambilini izimbuzane zadala umonakalo ikakhulukazi ezinsimini nasezivini, kanye nezitshalo zemifino ezitshalwa endaweni evalekile, manje lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane luya lubhebhetheka ezitshalweni zasemasimini. Lokhu kungase kubangelwe kokubili ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu (ubusika obufudumele njalo) kanye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sezolimo ngokwazo. Okusanhlamvu kuya ngokuya kulinyazwa yizimbuzane zasebusika (ezinemilenze ebomvu) kanye ne-microscopic cereal mite. Uma okokuqala kungabonakala uma nje uhlola izitshalo, khona-ke ukutheleleka ngesibili kungaqinisekiswa kuphela ngosizo lwama-binoculars, ngakho-ke abalimi bavame iphutha lomonakalo owenziwe kubo ngesifo se-etiology ye-fungal noma ngemiphumela yesimo sezulu. I-spider mite, eyadala umonakalo ikakhulukazi emasimini, izivini, izindawo zokugcina izithombo, manje isongela ubhontshisi wesoya noshukela, ngaphezu kwalokho, kulo nyaka waqala ukuthelela ubhekilanga eCentral Chernozem Region, "kusho uDmitry Belov, inhloko yomnyango wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo. e-JSC Firma August.
Le nkampani iphawula ukuthi ukulwa nemikhaza kwahlanganiswa yizici eziningana. Okokuqala, azizange zibonwe ezindaweni ezitshaliwe ezifundeni eziningi isikhathi eside, okube nomthelela ekusabalaleni. Okwesibili, izibungu ekuqaleni zazilawulwa ngesethi evamile yezithako ezibulala izinambuzane ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kokusanhlamvu. Kodwa-ke, awekho ama-pyrethroids noma ama-organophosphorus compounds aklanyelwe ukulawula izinambuzane ezinambuzane aboniswe ukuthi asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukuze kube nokulawula okudingekayo, izidakamizwa ziyadingeka ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nemikhaza - ama-acaricides, ngaphezu kwalokho, lawo angenzi nje kuphela kubantu abadala, kodwa futhi namaqanda abekwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amakhambi amaningi e-acaricidal namuhla aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezingadini nasezitshalweni ezikhethekile. Imodeli yabo yesicelo isho izindawo ezincane ngezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu. Ezitshalweni eziningi ezifana nokusanhlamvu nobhontshisi wesoya, akunakwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, izixazululo zifunwa kule nkinga: ikakhulukazi, "u-Agasti" unikeza abalimi umuthi omusha "Stiletto", ohlanganisa into esebenzayo yemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo i-abamectin, esetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kokubili njenge-insecticide kanye ne-acaricide; ikakhulukazi, umkhiqizo ulungele ukulawula izibungu kubhontshisi wesoya.
"Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka ukusabalala kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezitshalweni zokusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi, ukolweni wasebusika," kunezela uDmitry Belov. – Igciwane le-mosaic enemigqa kakolweni lithwalwa yisibungu esingabonakali. Kubalimi, lesi sifo saba isimanga - okokugcina ukutheleleka okungathí sina kakhulu noma okuncane kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni emine edlule, futhi manje kuleli hlobo kwaba nokuqubuka futhi. Lesi sifo sabhalwa eStavropol, Kuban naseKaliningrad esifundeni.
Enye inkinga iye yabonakala kakhulu emkhakheni we-horticulture ejulile, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwesitshalo esithembisayo njengepheya kukhula. Manje usesongelwa kabi yi-sucker, nayo ethwala izifo futhi ingalawulwa kabi ngama-insecticides. I-Copperhead ibilokhu idala umonakalo omkhulu ezinsimini zamapheya cishe iminyaka emithathu ilandelana.
Izinambuzane ze-Lepidoptera zibonisa umsebenzi obonakalayo kulo nyaka. Esifundeni saseCentral Chernozem, ukuqubuka kwe-cotton bollworm kurekhodiwe. Ukuziphatha kwezinambuzane kuye kwafana, isibonelo, ngo-2014: ukuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane sesibili sesizukulwane sokuqala sasehlobo kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphakama kwezivuno eziyinhloko ezilimele kanye nesisindo sazo semifino kwase kufinyelele amanani azo aphezulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ukucutshungulwa kommbila kanye ne-sunflower kungenzeka kuphela ngosizo lwezifutho ezizimele ezizimele noma izindiza, kuhlanganise nezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu. Nakuba izibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenzayo ezigunyazwe ukwelashwa emoyeni azanele okwamanje. Ngokuvamile, kunezixazululo ezithengekayo, kodwa ekupheleni kwesizini kuvame ukushoda kwezidakamizwa ezidingekayo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe baka-August, kwamanye amapulazi i-cotton bollworm idle wonke amaqabunga e-sunflower, kuyilapho kunezinkinga ezimbalwa ngobhontshisi we-soya - i-cotton bollworm nayo iyalimaza, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukucubungula lesi sitshalo.
Ukuchichima kwe-meadow borer nakho kuphezulu, okutholakala cishe kuzo zonke izitshalo ezitshalwayo - kusukela emifino kuya ezitshalweni zasensimini. Ngenxa yokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, isivuno salezi zinambuzane singasindiswa. Ukuqubuka kwezinombolo zabo kwaphawulwa esifundeni saseCentral Chernozem, e-Altai nakwezinye izifunda. Umonakalo wokudlwengulwa ngamabhu eklabishi nawo watholwa - ngokwesibonelo, eBashkiria, eTatarstan, eKhakassia naseRyazan. Kodwa-ke, ukundiza kwezinambuzane ezindala kulo nyaka kuvele kuphuze kakhulu: kwabhalwa maphakathi noJulayi, lapho i-rapeseed isivele iphelile ezindaweni eziningi. Lokhu kwaba lula kakhulu ukulawula izinambuzane, njengoba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo ingozi yokulimala kwezinyosi eziqoqa umpe emasimini e-rapeseed yancipha kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, njengoba kushiwo ngo-Agasti, ngo-2022 ezifundeni eziningi kusengenzeka ukugwema ukulahleka kwezitshalo okuphawulekayo ngenxa yokusabalala kwezinambuzane.