Izazi zofuzo ezivela eRussia zenze uhlelo olulula, oluhlala isikhathi eside nolushibhile lokuhlolwa kwe-DNA, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ngokushesha iminonjana yezifo eziyingozi zamazambane eziyishumi nambili.
Sekuvele kusetshenziswe ezifundeni zaseRussia ukuthola isheke elikhulu lokufika, ngokusho kwenkonzo yabezindaba yeRussian Science Foundation.
"Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokuqiniswa kanye nokungasebenzi kwama-reagents, isikhathi seshalofu samatrices aqediwe ekamelweni lokushisa yizinyanga ezingu-3-6, ephakeme kakhulu kunama-analogues aziwayo emhlabeni," kusho uNatalia Statsyuk we-Research Institute of. Phytopathology in Bolshiye Vyazemy.
Ngaphezu kwe-Colorado amazambane beetle, ezinye, ezingabonakali kancane futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu kanye nama-pathogens zisongela amazambane. Abaningi babo baqala ukucekela phansi amazambane ngokushesha nje ngemva kokutshala, kodwa ngokuvamile awatholakali kuze kube yilapho ukuvuna noma ukufa kwezitshalo.
Isibonelo esimangalisayo salokhu i-phytophthora edumile, i-fungus Phytophthora infestans, ebhubhisa izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane futhi ingabonakali kuze kube yilapho isitshalo siqala ukubola ngobuningi emhlabathini noma emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kokuvuna.
Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye negciwane ziyingozi nakakhulu - zona, njengomthetho, azikwazi ukubhekana nazo ngemva kokutheleleka kwezitshalo, yingakho ukutholakala kwazo kusenesikhathi nokuqedwa sekuyinkinga enkulu kubalimi.
U-Statsyuk nozakwabo baxazulule le nkinga ngokwenza isethi yokuhlola elula ezosiza abalimi bamazambane bavikele izitshalo zabo kumagciwane ayingozi kakhulu nathathelwanayo ngamahora amabili nje kuphela.
Ukuze isetshenziswe, njengoba ososayensi bephawula, ama-laboratories akhethekile nama-reagents abizayo awadingeki. Kwanele ukulungisa amasampula amazambane ahlaziywe futhi uwathululele emithonjeni ekhethekile egcwele ama-enzyme aqaphela izingcezu zofuzo lwe-phytophthora, amabhaktheriya namagciwane bese uwaskena usebenzisa i-DNA analyzer ephathekayo.
"Ukuze wenze ukuhlaziya, udinga nje ukuhlukanisa i-DNA kumasampuli, uyifake emithonjeni, ufake i-matrix ku-microchip amplifier bese uqala inqubo. Ukuhlaziya kuyazenzakalela futhi kuthatha cishe isigamu sehora. Lapho umsebenzi usuqedile, uhlelo lubika ukuthi yimaphi amagciwane atholwe, ”kuqhuba isazi sofuzo.
Njengoba isevisi yabezindaba yeRussian Science Foundation iphawula, lezi zivivinyo sezihloliwe kakade. Besebenzisa amasethi afanayo ama-reagents, ososayensi benza isheke elikhulu lesimo se-phytosanitary samasimu amazambane ukuze kube khona amagciwane ayi-15 ngasikhathi sinye ezindaweni eziyishumi nambili zaseRussia.
Lokhu kuhlola kwembula izici eziningana ezithakazelisayo ezihlobene nokusabalala kwalezi zifo ezweni lonke. Isibonelo, asakazwa ngokwedlulele ngokwedlulele - iminonjana yamagciwane, isikhunta namagciwane atholakala kumasampula angama-8% kuphela esifundeni saseMoscow, kanti ngaphezu kwengxenye yamazambane aqoqwe esifundeni saseTver angenwe okungenani isifo esisodwa.
Ukuhluka okufanayo bekukhona ekuvameni kokuvela kwama-pathogen ahlukahlukene. Njengoba bekulindelekile, amazambane avame ukuthinteka kakhulu yisifo esibi sekwephuzile - imikhondo yakho yatholakala kumasampula angama-33% nakuzo zonke izindawo, kanti amagciwane ohlobo lwe-Dickeya dianthicola kanye negciwane le-PMTV atholakala emagumbini ambalwa ezwe. .
Lolu hlelo, ngokusho kwabadali balo, lungasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukuvikela isivuno, kodwa futhi nokuhlola izinga lemifino engenisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okunjalo kuzosiza abalimi ukuthi bathole izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane ezifanele ukumelana namagciwane akhona ezindaweni zabo nasezifundeni.
Source: https://ria.ru