Ngenkathi i-Ukraine igcwele imvula, futhi izakhamizi zikhala ngokuthi azikwazi "ukungena" engadini ukuze zikhule amazambane, abahleli be-AgroPortal.ua baqale ukuhlola imakethe etshala amazambane, ngoba amazambane asalokhu "eyisinkwa sesibili" sabaningi. imindeni e-Ukraine.
I-Ukraine ikleliswe endaweni yesi-4 emhlabeni mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamazambane, ikhiqiza amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 ngonyaka. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo Nokudla, ngonyaka ka-2018, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane okuphelele kwaba amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-22504 170,5 c/ha. Ama-98% amazambane asatshalwa ezindaweni ezizimele - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-22087,6.
Ngokuqondene nezindawo ezingaphansi kwamazambane, amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1303,7 atshalwa ngabantu kanye namahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-16,2 abakhiqizi bezolimo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilinganiso sesivuno samazambane emakhaya sasingu-169,4 c/ha, kanti ekulinyweni kwezimboni - 252 c/ha.
Abalimi abangochwepheshe vs amakhaya
“Amapulazi angongoti anembangi yakhe engumnikazi wangasese ongawubheki nhlobo umnotho futhi ugila amazambane ukuze aphile. Lena ifilosofi ehluke ngokuphelele,” kusho uDokotela Wesayensi Yezolimo, uSolwazi, iNhloko yoMnyango Wezokulima Nekhwalithi Yemikhiqizo Yezitshalo eqanjwe ngalo. A.I. UDushechkin NUBiP wase-Ukraine, ilungu elihambisanayo le-NAAS yase-Ukraine u-Anatoly Bykin. “E-Ukraine mancane kakhulu amapulazi angochwepheshe anamazambane okungenani amahektha ayi-10, kodwa abhekelela izidingo zabantu; amanye akhiqiza izinto ezilula ezivela ekhaya.”
Ibhizinisi lamazambane liyabiza kakade kusukela ensimini, ngoba udinga imishini ethile engasetshenziswa lapho ukhula eminye imifino: i-planter, i-ridge yangaphambili, njll. Futhi kuzodingeka uchithe imali imbewu.
"Izindleko zembewu yokukhiqiza kabusha kokuqala zilinganiselwa ku-10 UAH / kg, isitoreji singu-+1 UAH, futhi ngingathanda ukuthola i-1-1,5 UAH, ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi ukukhiqiza kokuqala kubiza i-12-14 UAH," kusho. Bykin. - Manje wena, njengomkhiqizi wezohwebo, ufuna ukuthenga amathani ayi-10 alolu hlobo. Udinga amathani angu-3,5 ngehektha ngalinye, okungukuthi, 35 * 14 = 490 UAH / t, siphinde sengeze i-70 UAH yokulima. Ngakho-ke, amazambane athengiswayo awanakuba ishibhile kune-4-5 UAH, futhi umlimi ungowokugcina emgqeni wokwenza inzuzo.”
U-Anatoly Bykin uyazi konke mayelana nobunzima bebhizinisi lamazambane, ngoba ubambe iqhaza kuleli bhizinisi iminyaka engu-19. Inkampani yakhe i-Biotech LTD imatasa nokutshala amazambane. Umlimi ukholelwa ukuthi imakethe yamazambane iyindle ngoba ingaphansi kwengcindezi yemizi engawucabangeli umnotho, kodwa ivele ilahle izimpahla emakethe nganoma yiliphi inani. Ngesikhathi lapho intengo yezindleko zabalimi ingu-4 UAH, bathengisa ngo-2 UAH. Kuyacaca ukuthi umthengi uzokhetha bani.
Nokho, umbono wesikhathi esiseduze awushintshile. Ngokusho kwePhini likaNgqongqoshe Wenqubomgomo Yezolimo Nezokudla e-Ukraine uVladimir Topchiy, eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule iningi lamazambane lizotshalwa emakhaya, njengoba "liyisinkwa sesibili" ematafuleni abantu base-Ukraine abajwayelekile, amanye awo esetshenziselwa ukukhuluphalisa imfuyo yomuntu siqu. Lesi simo asikho e-Ukraine kuphela, kodwa emazweni amaningi angemva kweSoviet.
"Izinto eziyinhloko ezivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ezinkulu zamazambane e-Ukraine ukuntuleka kokuthunyelwa okuqinile kwamanye amazwe, ngoba amazwe e-EU, ngenxa ye-phytosanitary nezinye izizathu, awavumeli i-Ukraine, njengezwe, ukuyithengisa endaweni yayo, kanye ukuvinjelwa okwethulwe endaweni yayo kusukela ngo-2015 Russian Federation. Sinemiqulu emincane yokucubungula amazambane ngezinhloso zokudla nezobuchwepheshe, ”kusho uVladimir Topchiy. "Kodwa-ke, amazambane ase-Ukraine asavame ukwandisa kancane kancane indawo yawo ngaphansi kokulinywa kwezimboni. Abatshalizimali baseShayina okwamanje bakulungele ukutshala izimali ekwakhiweni kwezimboni ezimbili zamazambane ezindaweni zaseKyiv naseChernigov. Futhi, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwamazambane ezimbonini kuthonywa yingxenye yesu lezemvelo lomhlaba wonke lokushintsha imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ngokuqukethwe kwesitashi ngokwengxenye. ”
I-Recycling - “intokazi ekhethayo”
Ukutshala amazambane kuyibhizinisi eliyinkimbinkimbi, futhi uma lingacutshungulwa, liba inzuzo ephansi. Ngokusho kuka-Anatoly Bykin, ukucubungula kufana "nentokazi ekhethiwe" edinga ikhwalithi nevolumu hhayi nje phakathi nenkathi, kodwa unyaka wonke.
“Akekho noyedwa umtshali-zimali ozovuma ukutshala imali yakhe uma imboni isebenza izinsuku eziyi-150 ngonyaka; kudingeka okungenani ezingama-330,” usho kanje. - Futhi inqwaba encane ingamathani angama-22 ezinto ezifanayo, ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezihloselwe umkhiqizo othile. Kuyacaca ukuthi umkhulu wakuleli dolobhana ngeke akwazi ukuhlanganisa imiqulu enjalo, ngakho ikusasa lapha lingelezinkampani zezolimo,” kuphawula u-Anatoly Bykin.
E-Ukraine namuhla, izindawo eziyinhloko zokucubungula amazambane ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi samazambane, ama-chips namafrimu aseFrance.
Ngokusho kwe-Association of Potato and Starch Products Producers yase-Ukraine, amabhizinisi amane njengamanje abambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni isitashi samazambane. I-"Vimal", esifundeni saseChernihiv, inezindawo ezimbili zokukhiqiza amathani ayi-150 wokucubungula amazambane ngosuku futhi yavulwa ngo-Okthoba wonyaka odlule ngamathani ayi-1440 wokucubungula amazambane ngosuku. Ibhizinisi elizimele "Levona" (isifunda saseChernigov) kanye ne-LLC "Imikhiqizo Yesitashi yase-Ukraine" (isifunda saseKiev) ngayinye inamathani angu-200 wokucubungula ngosuku. I-CFG/MRIYA inezindawo ezimbili zokukhiqiza ezinomthamo wamathani ayi-150 wokucubungula amazambane ngosuku futhi eyodwa yavulwa ngo-2013 enamandla amathani angama-600 wokucubungula amazambane ngosuku. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuze kube ngu-2000, bekunamabhizinisi akhethekile ayi-17 akhiqiza isitashi samazambane e-Ukraine.
Ngokuqondene nokukhiqizwa kwama-chips, kwenziwa yi-Chips Club LLC (Dnepr) kanye ne-Chips Lux LLC (isifunda sase-Kiev), esisebenzisana namapulazi angaba ngu-20-30. Ukukhiqizwa kwamafrimu aseFrance kwenziwa yi-PJSC Interagrosystem Corporation, esifundeni saseChernihiv.
“Umbuzo uphakama, kungani bengekho ama-recyclers amaningi kangaka? Ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukungazinzi ezweni futhi imakethe inqanyuliwe: ezindaweni - 7-10%, emnothweni - 20%, emakethe yokusetshenziswa kwamazambane - kuze kufike ku-50%, ngoba iDonbass, iCrimea neRussia idla ukudla. amazambane amaningi. Futhi manje ingxenye yemakethe ivele yawa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwamazambane ezweni kumele kube nesimo esihle sezomnotho nezepolitiki, ”kusho uBykin.
Ingabe amazambane azonyamalala kubakhiqizi abakhulu?
Cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 amazambane acutshungulwa minyaka yonke e-Ukraine, okuyinto engelutho uma iqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa. Amasheya amaningi asebekhulile amazambane iminyaka kancane kancane ayawashiya, athi akusizi ngalutho. Kepha basekhona abasazama ukukhuphula imboni yokutshala amazambane ifinyelele ezingeni elisha laseYurophu.
Kule sizini, inkampani yezolimo ye-CFG/MRIYA yabele amazambane indawo engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ezifundeni zaseTernopil naseLviv. Inkampani ihlose ukugcina inkambiso yokwandisa indawo engaphansi kwalesi sitshalo ngesilinganiso samahektha angama-2-400 ngonyaka.
Lapho uhlela indawo, ukubamba kwezolimo kugxile ezidingweni zamakhasimende, ngoba abalingani abakhulu bangabakhiqizi be-chip base-Ukraine nabamazwe ngamazwe. Ingxenye encane yesamba sesamba ithengiswa ngamaqoqo omkhiqizo noma ithunyelwe ukuyocutshungulwa (isitashi), kuyilapho ingxenye yengonyama (kuhlanganisa nembewu) inikezwa amakhasimende.
Ngokomlando, i-MRIYA ne-CFG bezilokhu zibambe iqhaza ngokujulile ekutshaleni amazambane futhi zinazo zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo zalokhu, futhi lesi siqondiso senkampani ehlanganisiwe sizohlala sinamasu. Futhi, ukuba khona kwamazambane ekujikelezweni kwezitshalo kunomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni futhi kusiza ukuhlukanisa ubungozi phakathi kwezitshalo.
Abadlali abasha bayavela emakethe, ngokwesibonelo, inkampani yeBestPotato, ehlela ukwethula iphrojekthi entsha ekwindla ka-2019 ehlobene nebhizinisi lamazambane nokucutshungulwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besimanje kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kwembewu uhlobo lufile
Namuhla, izinhlobo zamazambane eziyi-186 zokukhethwa kwasekhaya nezangaphandle zifakiwe kuRejista Yezimila Zezitshalo Ezifanele Ukusatshalaliswa e-Ukraine, ezingama-63 zazo ezakhiwe ngokukhethwa kweSikhungo Sokukhulisa Amazambane.
Ukusabalalisa izinhlobo zamazambane ezikhethwe yi-Institute of Potato Growing by ripeness group
Iqembu lokuvuthwa | Inkathi yokukhula | Inani lezinhlobonhlobo | Izinhlobo ezithandwayo |
Kusenesikhathi kakhulu | 60-80 izinsuku | 3 | Radomysl, Vzirets, Duma |
Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi | 80-100 izinsuku | 17 | Povin, Serpanok, Skarbnytsia, Cimmeria, Shchedryk, Slauta, Tiras |
Maphakathi nasekuqaleni | 101-115 izinsuku | 13 | Svitanok Kyiv, Levada, Fantasia, Mezhirichka 11, Aria, Strumok |
Phakathi nesizini | 116-125 izinsuku | 25 | Princess, Early Ivankovsky, Letana, Miroslava, Charunka, Yavor, Slavyanka, Solokha |
Maphakathi nesikhathi | 126-140 izinsuku | 5 | Sluch, Chervona Ruta, Poliske Dzherelo |
Ngokusho kwe-Institute of Potato Growing, phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kwamanye amazwe, ivolumu enkulu yamazambane embewu etshalwe ngo-2018 yaqashelwa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo: Opal, Red Lady, Riviera, Verdi, Kibitz, Melody, Aurea.
Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokwakha izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha yinde impela - iminyaka engu-8-10 kufanele idlule ngaphambi kokuba idluliselwe ekuhlolweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezwe, bese kuba eminye iminyaka engu-2-3 yokuhlolwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-Ukrainian Institute for the Examination of Plant. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinokufakwa okulandelayo kuRejista Yezinhlobonhlobo. Okusho ukuthi, minyaka yonke kuhanjiswa izinhlobo zamazambane ezi-3-6 ezintsha ukuze zihlolwe yizifundazwe ngokukhethwa kwe-Institute of Potato Growing.
Isikhathi sika-2015-2019. Izinhlobo ezingama-21 zamazambane ezikhethwe yi-Institute of Potato Growing zafakwa kuRejista Yezinhlobonhlobo Zezitshalo zase-Ukraine. Kulo nyaka, irejista iphinde yagcwaliswa ngezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezintsha: i-Basalia, i-Avangard, i-Alexandrite, i-Fotinia ne-Tradition. Izinhlobo zamazambane eziyisishiyagalolunye zisahlolwa ukuhlukahluka kombuso: i-Alliance, iVolodarka, i-Opilla, i-Bazhana, i-Soncedar, i-Misteriya, i-Zhitnitsa, i-Rodyna, i-Harmony.
“Umsebenzi omkhulu walesi sikhungo wukuxhasa ukukhiqizwa kwembewu, ukuze sikweseke kumele kube khona oyithengayo. Kuvele kuwumjikelezo ononya: umlimi wase-Ukraine akakwazi ukuthenga imbewu ngoba ayikho emakethe, futhi isikhungo socwaningo asikwazi ukuzisakaza ngoba akekho umthengi. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi bakhetha izinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe, ”kusho u-Anatoly Bykin.
Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane e-Institute of Potato Growing kanye noMnyango Wokucwaninga wasePolesie ngo-2018 kwaba amathani embewu ayi-1161,696. I-Institute of Potato Growing minyaka yonke ithengisa amathani angaba ngu-700-1000 wembewu yezambane elite.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu = ukushintsha kobuchwepheshe
E-Ukraine, ibhande lamazambane liye lakhiwa ngokwesiko: iLviv, iRivne, iZhytomyr, iKiev, iChernigov, izifunda zaseSumy. Eningizimu, izinhlobo zakuqala zitshalwa, ngoba lapho ungathola isivuno ezimbili.
“Eningizimu ye-Ukraine, kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ukukhiqizwa kwembewu, ngoba kukhona ukuwohloka okukhulu kanye nesizinda sabathwali begciwane. Kunezinambuzane ezinjenge-aphid, ezinomlomo onomgongo: ziwela esitshalweni, zisihlabe, zimunce ijusi futhi indizele kwesinye. Uma ehlala esitshalweni esigulayo, wayelicosha igciwane ngomboko wakhe alidlulisele kwesinempilo. Isizinda esiphansi sabathwali begciwane, amazambane ahlanzekile azoba. Uma sifuna ukuthola isivuno esincane, khona-ke singakuziba lokhu, kodwa uma sifuna ukuthola isivuno esifanele ngokwezomnotho, khona-ke iphuzu lekhefu lizoshintshashintsha phakathi kuka-25-30 t/ha - leli inani lamazambane okudingeka ingasetshenziselwa ukukhokhela zonke izindleko,” kusho umnikazi we-Biotech LTD.
Ngokusho kukaBykin, amazambane azwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Inohlelo lwezimpande olungathuthukisiwe kahle. Uma cishe eminyakeni engu-20 edlule isikhathi sokushisa esicindezelayo sathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa endaweni lapho sasikhule khona, manje sekuyizinyanga ezi-2. Mayelana nalokhu, izinhlobo ezimelana nesomiso kanye nokudla kwamahlamvu kuyadingeka ukuze kusizwe isitshalo simelane nengcindezi (ngoJuni/Julayi), lapho-ke sizobhekana nakho ngokwaso. Kwezobuchwepheshe, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezifuywayo, ngoba zivumelanisa kangcono nezimo zezulu kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Source: http://agroportal.ua/