Umbukiso wesifunda i-Ural Federal District uqala namhlanje esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, lapho abalimi bezoshintshana ngesipiliyoni, bancintisane futhi babheke izakhiwo zezimboni zezolimo kusasa. Yini isifunda sethu esingaqhosha ngayo kulo mkhakha? Impilo yanamuhla eRussia ayigcini nje ngokubamba ezolimo kuphela, kodwa nakwabalimi? "IGubernia" ithole lokhu ngobusuku bangaphambi "Kosuku Lomhlaba Wase-Ural".
Impumelelo isifunda saseChelyabinsk sisondela eholidini? Sikuphi kuqala futhi hlobo luni lwemikhiqizo yethu abantu bezinye izizwe abathanda? Futhi yiliphi iqhaza abalimi abalibambayo kukho konke lokhu? "UGuberniya" unikeze udaba oluphelele ephephandabeni ku "Day of the Ural Field". Le nto iqukethe amaqiniso ambalwa nje.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2012, isifunda saseChelyabinsk besikhombisa ukukhula okuzinzile ekukhiqizeni ezolimo. Ngo-2017, uma kuqhathaniswa nowe-2016, inani lokukhiqizwa kwezolimo (AIC) lenyuke ngamaphesenti angama-1,6 futhi lafika kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-126,1. Ngokusho kweRhuluneli u-Boris Dubrovsky, isifunda saseChelyabinsk namuhla sisendleleni nezinye izifunda zezolimo kuleli, futhi sondle amaSouth Urals ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu:
"Njalo ngonyaka, kwenziwa amaphrojekthi amasha okutshalwa kwezimali emkhakheni wezolimo endaweni yesifunda, kuvela izimboni ezintsha zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kokubili kwezolimo nasembonini yezokudla," kugcizelela inhloko yesifunda.
AmaSouth Urals asuthisa iRussia futhi athumela ngaphandle ipasta, inyama namaswidi
U-2017 ubenezithelo ezinhle kakhulu eminyakeni engama-25 edlule esifundeni saseChelyabinsk. Kwaqoqwa amathani okusanhlamvu ayizigidi ezimbili namashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Lokhu kufinyelelwa, ngokusho kukaNgqongqoshe Wezolimo esifundeni u-Alexei Kobylin, kuhlobene nesimo sezulu esivumelana nemishini yokuphinda kwakhiwe yezobuchwepheshe. Izimali zomxhaso ezikhokhelwe ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-2 zikwazile ukuthenga imishini ngenani eliphelele lama-ruble ayizigidi ezimbili. Kulo nyaka, inani lokuxhaswa kule ndawo nalo liyagcinwa. Sekukonke, ukusekelwa kwesifundazwe kwendawo yezimboni yezolimo ngo-307 kungama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-200, okuvela kuzo izigidi ezimbili zesabelomali sesifunda.
Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kwakukuhle ngo-2017. Ekupheleni konyaka kukhiqizwe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-542 enyama, okungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngaphezulu kohlelo. Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni walesi sifunda, ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwezinkomo kwakungu-5 kg. Umsebenzi obhekene nalesi sifunda ukuletha lezi zinkomba ngokuzayo kumakhilogremu ayi-544-8, njengoba kwenzeka namuhla emapulazini ahamba phambili esifundeni.
Hlela unyaka ka-2018
Inyama - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-510,5
Ubisi - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-427,4
Okusanhlamvu - amathani ayinkulungwane ayisigidi
Ngasikhathi sinye, kwezinye izinkomba zezikhundla eziphambili ziphakeme kunalokho obekuhleliwe: ukukhiqizwa kwenyama yazo zonke izinhlobo - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-543, ubisi - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-455 ngenxa yokwanda komkhiqizo emapulazini.
Yini eyokuqala?
Isifunda saseChelyabinsk sifaka kuqala esifundeni i-Ural Federal ukuze kukhiqizwe izinkukhu, ingulube, amaqanda nemifino ebamba ukushisa. Umkhakha wezolimo wesifunda unezikhundla eziphezulu emazingeni aphakeme: indawo yokuqala lapho kukhiqizwa khona ipasta (isifunda sikhiqiza ngaphezu kwengxenye yesine yokukhiqizwa kwe-pasta yaseRussia - amaphesenti angama-29), okuyindawo yesibili ekukhiqizweni kwezinkukhu, okuyindawo yesithathu ekukhiqizweni kwenyama yazo zonke izinhlobo namaqanda .
Sithekelisa ini?
ISouth Ural ithumela imikhiqizo yezolimo hhayi nje kwezinye izifunda zezwe, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi eChina. Phakathi kwezinkomba ezethembisayo zokuthuthukiswa kokuthumela kanye nokungenisa imikhiqizo nobuchwepheshe bezolimo kubhekwa njengeNingizimu Korea, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan. Ukuthengiswa kwezolimo okuvela kwamanye amazwe: inkukhu, ingulube, ukucubungula inyama, ufulawa kanye ne-pasta, iziphuzo kanye ne-confectionery, i-sunflower oil.
Amaphrojekthi wokutshala imali: ukusuka kwelebhu yokufuya isitshalo esiyisiphuzo esiphuma kwimifino eluhlaza yemifino Ukusukela ngonyaka ka-2012 kuya ku-2017, esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, kwenziwa amaphrojekthi amakhulu wokutshala imali engama-ruble angama-27 billion, kanti eminye imisebenzi engama-39 iyaqhubeka. Ekupheleni konyaka we-19, kwethulwa iphrojekthi kwa-SUSUA ngaphansi kokuhlinzekwa nguMnyango Wezemfundo waseRussia Federation ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwenziwa ngosizo lozakwethu kwezimboni. Kulo nyaka, kwavulwa isitshalo sokukhiqizwa kweziphuzo ezivela emithonjeni eluhlaza yemifino eChelyabinsk, kanti ekwindla kulindeleke ukuthi sethule ifektri entsha yokugcina izithombo endaweni yezimayini. Izimali zabatshalizimali, uxhaso lukahulumeni kanye nezimali zesikhwama sokuthuthukiswa kwamadolobhana asemboni eyodwa zakhangwa ngokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokugcina izitshalo sase-Ust-Katavsky. Ukwethulwa komkhiqizo omusha wokugcina abamba ukushisa e-Ust-Katav kuzokhokhela izidingo zabantu bakulesi sifunda ngemifino eluhlaza okotshani. Indawo ebamba ukushisa eGorny esifundeni sedolobha lase-Ust-Katavsk iyimisebenzi emisha engama-2017, amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-720 zemifino ngonyaka.
Eminyakeni emihlanu, abalimi baphinda kabili imiphumela yabo
Muva nje, emphakathini, kaninginingi bathi ikusasa lezezindawo ezinkulu zezolimo. Noma kunjalo, ukulima ema-Urals aseningizimu akusilahlekeli. Amapulazi amancane, kubandakanya namabhizinisi ezolimo emindeni, abamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuxhasa umbuso futhi athola izibonelelo zentuthuko.
Ngokusho kukaHulumeni, iPhini LikaNgqongqoshe Wokuqala Wezolimo esifundeni saseChelyabinsk u-Alexander Zavalishchin, ukusekelwa kombuso nezindawo ezihlose eminyakeni edlule ukuthuthukisa zonke izinhlobo zobunikazi, ngaphandle kokunye, kusiza ukuqinisa isisekelo sezomnotho samabhizinisi amancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuphuma kwemikhiqizo yezolimo ekhiqizwe kulo mkhakha wezolimo kuyanda. Ngakho-ke, ngokwezibalo, isabelo semikhiqizo yamapulazi nosomabhizinisi abazimele ngonyaka we-2017 siqhathaniswa nonyaka ka-2012 - sisuka kumaphesenti angama-3,2 saya kumaphesenti ayi-10,1 ngonyaka we-2017, ngenkathi inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza lalokhu inkathi iphindwe kabili (kusuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-69 kuya kwezi-126).
Impumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu etholakele ekukhiqizweni kwezilimo. Ngakho-ke, uma ngonyaka ka-2012 abalimi beqoqe amathani ezinhlamvu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-170, okwaba ngamaphesenti angama-24 ezitshalo, ngo-2017, amapulazi aqoqa cishe uhhafu wevolumu yesifunda - amathani ayisigidi ayi-1 wamabele. Ngo-83, okuhlobene no-2017, ukuvuna okunamandla okusanhlamvu namazambane ngabalimi kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-2016, okokukhiqiza uwoyela - ngamaphesenti angama-33 ngaphezulu, imifino - ngamaphesenti angama-45. Isabelo samapulazi nosomabhizinisi abazimele ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo zizonke, uma zibalwa kusuka ngo-32, zikhuphuke zisuka kumaphesenti ama-2010 ziye kwangama-5 ngonyaka we-24.
Amapulazi abancane (amapulazi) ngonyaka we-2017 aletha inani lezinkomo emakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-32, kuzo izinkomo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-14,1. Lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni kobisi nokukhiqizwa kwenyama. Kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2017, ukukhiqizwa kobisi emapulazini kukhule cishe ngamaphesenti angama-40 - kuze kufike kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-21,7. 2 190 - amapulazi amaningi kangaka nosomabhizinisi abazimele (1 no-676 ngokulandelana) ababambe iqhaza kwezolimo esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, ngokusho kweFederal State Statistics Service kusukela ngoJanuwari 514, 1.
Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyisithupha, abanikeli abalimi bathole imali emisha engama-400
Amapulazi namhlanje angabambiqhaza abasebenza kakhulu kulolu hlelo, athola uxhaso cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zokuthuthuka kwezolimo. Ngokusho kwePhini LikaNgqongqoshe Wokuqala Wezolimo esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, u-Alexander Zavalishchina, uma ngonyaka wezi-2011 amapulazi exhasa imali efinyelela kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-95, abalimi abayi-179 bathola uxhaso, bese kuthi ngonyaka we-2017 lokhu sekungama-ruble angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-440, kanti nombuthano wokuthola uxhaso usukhuphuke waya ezindleleni ezincane zokulima ezingama-586 .
Gxila kakhulu kwizibonelelo zolimo nezomkhiqizo kubalimi be-novice. Ukuxhaswa okuhlosiwe ngendlela yezibonelelo, ezabiwa ngendlela yokuncintisana, kunomthelela omkhulu ekwakheni inhlangano yezolimo. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2012 (kuya ku-2018 ngokubandakanyeka), abalimi abangama-216 ama-novice bathola izibonelelo ezibiza ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-301,6. Lamapulazi adale imisebenzi emisha engama-397 kuthi amanye angama-93 azokwakhiwa abaxhaswe kulo nyaka. Kulonyaka, inani lezimali zoxhaso licishe laphindeka kabili: lisuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-43,8 laya ku-90, kanti inani labamukeli bezimali likhuphuka lisuka kumapulazi ayi-17 laya kwangama-31. Ngokungafani nezikhathi ezedlule, ngokuyisisekelo zonke izibonelelo zamukelwa ngokuthuthukiswa kokulima inyama nobisi. Izibonelelo eziya emapulazini emfuyo omndeni. Kusukela ngo-2013, lesi sifunda besilokhu sisebenzisa nohlelo lokuxhaswa ngemali emapulazini emfuyo yemindeni. Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyisithupha, amapulazi omndeni ayi-19 abiza ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-130, amapulazi enyama ayisishiyagalolunye namapulazi obisi kanye nepulazi elilodwa lamahhashi.
Source: https://gubernia74.ru
-Ukusungulwa kwamapulazi emfuyo yemindeni sekuyinqubo yokwakha amabhizinisi amancane ezolimo ngobuchwepheshe obukhulu bokukhiqiza, kusetshenziswa izimiso zesimanje zokulima. Njengomthetho, lawa ngamapulazi akha amadolobhana lapho kuhlanganiswa khona imisebenzi eyengeziwe futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izindawo zasemakhaya, ”kusho u-Alexander Zavalishchin.