IGlyphosate isewumkhiqizo ohola phambili wokuthumela ngaphandle waseChina, yize ukuthengiswa kwama-herbicides sekuwile njalo.
Isifingqo sombiko "Ukuhlaziywa kwemininingwane yakamuva ngokungeniswa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane e-China nakwindlela esizayo" yi-ICAMA (Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China), eyethulwe emhlanganweni wokuthumela imishini yokubulala izinambuzane eChina (CPEW 2019), ehlelwe yi-AGROPAGES.
1. Ukungenisa kanye nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe izibulala-zinambuzane kubhekene nezinselelo, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezibulala-zinambuzane zobuchwepheshe kuye kwanda ngesivinini esedlula ukwakheka
Ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kweChina kwezibulala-zinambuzane engxenyeni yokuqala yowezi-2019 kubhekane nezinselelo ezinkulu. Yize inani eliphelele lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe likhuphuke laya phezulu ku- $ 4 billion, izinga lokukhula lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezibulala-zinambuzane kwakungu-473% kuphela, liphansi kakhulu kune-2,4% ngo-8,3. Kuleli nani eliphelele, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele kuma-US $ 2018 billion, okuwukunyuka okungu-4,178% okungaphansi kakhulu kokukhula kwamadijithi amabili eminyakeni edlule.
Isilinganiso sokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe ekwakhiweni okubulala izinambuzane sibonisa izinguquko ezilandelayo, ngokusekelwe etafuleni elingenhla.
Ukusuka ngo-2011 kuya ku-2017, ukuthunyelwa kwemishini yezobuchwepheshe yokubulala izinambuzane kwehle kusuka kuma-63,2% kuye kuma-56,3%, kanti ukwakheka kwawo kukhuphuke kusuka kuma-36,8% kuya kuma-43,7%. Kusukela ngo-2018, ukuthunyelwa kwemishini yezobuchwepheshe kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kwaqala ukukhula, okuwedlula ama-60%, ngenkathi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwehla.
Ngokuqondene nokufakwa, inani lokuthumela ngaphandle lezindlela zobuchwepheshe nezingxube zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ekufakweni kwezimboni engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019 lifinyelele ku- $ 3,169 billion, okuyi-2,1% ngaphezulu, ngenkathi inani lokuthumela lokwenza izinto ezifakiwe lifinyelela ku- $ 1,009 billion - ukukhuphuka okungu-4% .
Yize ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ekufakweni okuthengiswayo kubalwa cishe ama-25% kuphela, ukukhula kokuthengisa kwemikhiqizo ekufakeni okuthengisiwe kuphezulu kunokufakwa kwemboni.
Izigaba Zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane... Ukuthengiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kukhuphuke kuzo zombili izindleko nobungako engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2019, ngo-14,5% nango-20,8%, ngokulandelana.
I-Fungicides yathatha indawo yesibili nge-6,4%, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwabaqondisi bokukhula kwezitshalo kwehle ngo-27,6%.
Ukuthengiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-herbicides, okubalwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yenani eliphelele lokuthumela, kwehle kusuka ku- $ 2,265 billion ngonyaka owedlule kuya ezigidini ezingama-2,163 kulo nyaka, kanti okuthekelisiwe kwehla kusuka kumathani angama-520 300 kuya kumathani angama-508 800, kwehla ngo-4,5% no-2,2% , XNUMX%, ngokulandelana.
2. Ukuthekelisa eLatin America kubonise ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu: i-bifentrin, i-celodim ne-chlorothalonil kwabamba iqhaza elibalulekile
Ukuthunyelwa kwelinye izwe eLatin America, okuwumakethe wesibili omkhulu wokubulala izinambuzane waseChina, kukhule kakhulu: okuthekelisiwe kwafinyelela ku- $ 1,223 billion, kukhuphuke ngo-30,6% esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule.
I-Afrika ingenise inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto zokupheka.
IBrazil, njengemakethe yesibili ngobukhulu yokubulala izinambuzane evela eChina, ibilokhu ithenge ngenkuthalo imikhiqizo ye-agrochemical.
Ngakho-ke, izindleko zokwenza ezibulala izinambuzane ezithunyelwa eBrazil zikhuphuke zisuka kwizigidi ezingama-397 zamadola aseMelika esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka ophelile zaya kwizigidi ezingama-573 zamadola - okusho ukuthi, kube nokwenyuka kwama-44,2%.
Ukuthekelisa eArgentina kubekwe endaweni yesibili, ngenkathi kuthunyelwa e-United States (imakethe ebalulekile yezifo ezibulala izinambuzane zaseChina) kwehle ngo-9,2%.
Ukuthunyelwa kwelinye izwe ukuya eNdiya kukhuphuke ngo-11,8%, kanti okuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, njengeThailand, iVietnam ne-Indonesia, kuyehla.
I-Asia nayo imakethe enkulu kakhulu yokubulala izinambuzane. Ukukhishwa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka ka-2019 kulinganiselwa ku- $ 1,259 billion, okungama-2,8% uma kuqhathaniswa no- $ 1,295 billion ngesikhathi esifanayo sika-2018, kodwa nokho kusenza ama-30% omthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle uwonke.
Ngezithako ezisebenzayo. Ngokwemininingwane evela kuma-pesticides aphezulu ayi-10 atholakalayo, i-glyphosate isewumkhiqizo ophambili waseChina, futhi ilandelwa yi-paraquat, yize ukuthengiswa kwehla kakhulu, ngenkathi ukuthengiswa kwe-bifentrin kwehle kakhulu ngo-276,7% engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019 kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo. isikhathi ngonyaka owedlule. Ukukhula okuphezulu kokuthengiswa kwaqoshwa maqondana ne-celodime, i-emamectin ne-chlorothalonil.
3. Ngenxa yempi yezohwebo phakathi kweChina ne-USA, ukungaqiniseki ekubikezelweni kokukhipha imithi yokubulala izinambuzane kuye kwanda
Phakathi kuka-1978 no-2018, ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kwezibulala-zinambuzane kukhula. Ukwanda okwengeziwe kulindelekile ngonyaka ka-2019, ngenxa yezidingo zomhlaba wonke zokukhiqiza ukudla.
Ngokuya mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane eChina, i-United States iseyimakethe enkulu kakhulu yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe eChina. Kodwa-ke, inani lokuthengiswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane e-China engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019 lehle ngo-9,2%.
Ishadi elilandelayo libonisa ukwanda okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane eChina e-United States ngonyaka ophelile, u-2018. Ukwehliswa kokuqanjwa kwempahla kungenza ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwe-US kwehle kulo nyaka.
Ingxabano yezokuhwebelana yaseSino-US engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka nayo ibe nomthelela ekuhanjisweni kwezibulala zinambuzane zaseChina.
Umkhakha wezibulala-zinambuzane waseChinese ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ohlakeni lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke, futhi ukufunwa kwalo kuhlala e-United States. Kodwa-ke, ukungqubuzana kwemali ekhokhwayo phakathi kwala mazwe amabili akuzange kuxazululwe, okuholele ekungaqiniseki okuthinta imboni yokubulala izinambuzane yaseChina, kanye nemithetho evikela ngokuqinile yemvelo nemithetho yokuphepha kwabasebenzi eyamukelwa ku-PRC.
I-ICAMA, isekela loMnyango Wezokulima kanye Nezindaba Zasemakhaya zaseChina, njengamanje isebenzela ekuqalisweni kwenqubomgomo efanelekile yokuxhasa amabhizinisi angenisa futhi athumela ngaphandle izinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane, njengokunciphisa izikhathi zokubhalisa nezindleko zenkambiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthathwa izindlela zokuxhasa ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amapakethe amancane.
Funda ngokugcwele: https://www.agroxxi.ru/