Isizini ka-2019/2020 izongena emlandweni wezolimo ezifuywayo njengesivuno esivulekile kakhulu, kodwa esiqinisiwe (maqondana nabakhiqizi bezolimo) - ngamanani. Iklabishi, izaqathe, u-anyanisi, ama-beet - zonke lezi zilimo ekupheleni kobusika zaba ngamaqhawe esilinganiso seRosstat esizinikezele kwimikhiqizo eyehle ngentengo ngangokunokwenzeka kulo nyaka odlule. Ake sicacise khona manjalo: ushukela kuphela okwazile ukubathola kulolu hlu olubuhlungu.
Kepha amazambane awazange afakwe esikalini - ngoba amanani awo ahlala ephansi iminyaka eminingana.
UPOTATOES
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation, isivuno esikhulu samazambane emkhakheni wezimboni sifinyelela kumathani ayisigidi esingu-7,5, okuyisilinganiso esingu-5,5% ukwedlula ngonyaka we-2018 (amathani ayisigidi esingu-7,1) no-9,5% ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sonyaka seminyaka emihlanu edlule (6,9) Amathani ayizigidi eziyi-255,6). Izimo zezulu ezithandekayo ngesikhathi sokukhula zithinte ukukhula kwesivuno (kukhuphuke safinyelela kuma-234,8 c / ha ngokuqhathaniswa nama-2018 c / ha ngonyaka we-2019), kanti ekwindla efudumele neyomile cishe yonke indawo (ngaphandle kwezifunda ezithile zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga ne-Ural , I-Far Eastern Federal District District) ivunyelwe ukuqoqa imikhiqizo iye phezulu. Ngakho-ke, irekhodi lafinyelelwa ngisho noma kuncishiswe kancane ezindaweni zokulima (ngonyaka ka-302,3, amazambane ahlala cishe ama-2018 304,8 eehektha, ngonyaka we-XNUMX, isivuno satshalwa endaweni engamahektare angama-XNUMX). Njengoba bekulindelekile, lokhu kufeza akuzange kulethe injabulo kubakhiqizi bezolimo.
Ukweqisa kwemikhiqizo emakethe kuholele ekwandeni kwezinkinga zokuthengisa kanye namanani entengo, okubonakala sengathi, akukho ndawo yokuthi iwele isikhathi eside. Maphakathi nobusika, amazambane asezindaweni eziholayo zokukhiqiza ayethengiswa kuma-ruble angama-5-7 / kg (okugcwele), kuya ngekhwalithi ye-batch. Eqinisweni, abakhiqizi bathengisa imikhiqizo ngezindleko, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphansi kwayo. NgoFebhuwari, izindleko zomkhiqizo zakhuphuka zaba ama-ruble ayi-8-9 / kg, futhi kwabaningi lo mphumela nawo waba kude nokufiswa.
Unyaka futhi, ngokulandela irekhodi elifanayo lika-2015, ukuqinisekisile ukuthi iRussia ayidingi amazambane asetafuleni ngobuningi obunjalo. Ukucubungula amanani - kucatshangelwa nokwethulwa kwamabhizinisi eLipetsk, eTyumen nakwezinye izifunda - kukhule ngokungenamsebenzi ngaphezu kweminyaka emine (ngalesi sizinda, izindaba zokubhujiswa kwe-EcoFrio esifundeni saseBryansk zibukeka zilusizi kakhulu).
Yize ukuthekelisa kukhuphukile, awusazi isinqumo ngemakethe. Umkhakha usenkingeni.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abalimi bamazambane e-Ukraine, lapho kushoda khona amazambane emakethe, futhi amanani entengo yomkhiqizo abelokhu eshaya wonke amarekhodi kusukela ngo-Agasti, futhi abheka ukuthi inkathi ka-2019/20 ayiphumelelanga. Abalimi basho izizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinkinga. Okokuqala isu lokuthengisa elikhethwe ngokungafanele. Iningi labalimi bamazambane linqume ukubamba isivuno kuze kufike ubusika, ngethemba lokuthi ngaleso sikhathi umkhiqizo uzobe usukhuphuka ngentengo uze ufike ezingeni eliphezulu.
Ubani obengacabanga ukuthi leli zinga lizofinyelelwa ngokoqobo phakathi kokuvunwa? Kakade ngo-Agasti, ulwandle lwemikhiqizo oluvela "komakhelwane" lungena ezweni, futhi nalo isiphithiphithi samahemuhemu wokuntuleka kwezinto ezindizayo zangena, zakha isidingo esiqhubekayo.
Amanani akhuphuka aya phezulu, kodwa lokhu akuzange kubayekise abathengi. Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi ukuphela kwehlobo nokuqala kwekwindla kwakuyisikhathi samazambane ashibhile, futhi wonke umuntu wayesaba ukuthi kuzoba kubi kakhulu.
Kepha ukuhlanya bekulindeleke ukuthi kuphele: izakhamizi eziqoqelwe ikusasa, izimfuno zehla, amanani ehla. Manje amapulazi anokukhetha: ukuthengisa noma ukulinda inani labantu liphelelwe yimpahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho isikhathi sokulinda, futhi ukuhamba kwamazambane okuvela emvelweni okungewona owase-Ukraine akushayi mkhuba, ngoba izintengo eziphelele (ngokusho kukaDisemba 2019) manje seziphindaphindwe kabili njengaseRussia. Ngasikhathi sinye (nansi ke, inkinga yesibili!), Ngokwengxenye enkulu yabakhiqizi abathengisa amazambane kwakuwukuphela kwethemba lokuthuthuka kwesimo sabo sezimali: abaningi bazibandakanya kulimo lwezaqathi, beet, iklabishi, u-anyanisi nezintengo zemifino evulekile ezweni kulo nyaka bhala phansi.
IZIBHALO
Kodwa-ke, isimo emakethe yaseRussia sisekude nokuhle. Ukuvunwa okuphelele kwemifino engavulekile embonini yezimboni yemifino ekhula ngo-2019 ifinyelela kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5. Lokhu kungamaphesenti angama-468,3% (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-9,3) ngaphezulu kuka-463,5. Ukukhula, njengasemkhakheni wamazambane, kutholakala ngokukhula kwezithelo.
Kukhona nezinye izinombolo. Ekupheleni kwekota yokugcina ka-2019, izaqathe zehle ngentengo ngo-29,3%, iklabishi - ngo-18,2%, u-anyanisi - ngo-27,4%, ama-beet - ngo-19,6%. Ngokubheka izindleko zemifino namazambane afakwe kubhasikidi wokudla omncane, iRussia ihlongoze ukunciphisa izindleko zokuphila ngekota ye-IV ka-2019 iye kuma-ruble ayi-10 609.
Ngonyaka ngaphambili, isimo sase sihluke ngokuphelele.
Iklabishi
NgoMashi 2019, uRosstat waqamba iklabishi elimhlophe njengomholi ekukhuleni kwamandla emali phakathi kwemikhiqizo. Amanani eklabishi abese enyuka ngo-41,5% ngenyanga, futhi uma ubala kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2018 - ngokushesha ngo-68,3%. Ngo-Ephreli, ngokusho kukasoseshini waseRusprodsoyuz, ukuthengiswa okuphelele kweklabishi kwathengiswa ngentengo engaba ama-ruble angama-45-55 ngekhilogremu (ngoDisemba 2018, inani elijwayelekile alizange leqe ama-ruble angama-22 / kg). Azikho ezinye izinto ze- "borsch set" ezingathola imiphumela enjalo.
Isizathu sokukhuphuka kwamanani okuqhubekayo saqondakala: ngonyaka we-2017, kwaba nokukhinyabezeka kwemikhiqizo emakethe, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo, abalimi banciphisa izindawo zabo zokulima, ezithinta ukubekelwa inani lokugcinwa kwempahla.
Ngo-2018, amathani ezinkulungwane ezingama-872,6 eklabishi avuniwe eRussia emkhakheni wezimboni wokutshala imifino, okuyi-11,4% (amathani ayinkulungwane eziyi-112,8) ngaphansi kuka-2017.
Ngo-2019, ukuvunwa kweklabishi elimhlophe ezweni lonke, ngokusho kwezibalo, akuzange kudlule impumelelo ka-2018: cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-800 atholakele. Yize kunjalo, abakhiqizi abaningi bezolimo bayaqaphela ukuthi isivuno seklabishi sikhule kakhulu kule sizini, futhi kuningi okuvunwe kunokuhlelwayo. Kakade ngo-Okthoba, iklabishi yaba umholi ekuklelisweni kwamanani entengo. NgoDisemba, iklabishi elimhlophe lalishibhile ngo-20% kunangoDisemba 2018, ngoJanuwari 2020 lalishibhile izikhathi eziphindwe ngo-1,6 kunangesikhathi esifanayo sika-2019. Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, amanani aqala ukwehla futhi (ukuthengisa ezifundeni bekuphakathi kuka-6 kuye ku-14 ruble / kg), njengoba abakhiqizi abaningi beqala ukukhipha izindawo zokugcina, besaba ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngeke ivumele ukuthi ibe igcinwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Izaqathe
Ngokusho kwe-Federal State Statistics Service, izindawo ezitshaliwe zika-izaqathi embonini yezimboni ngonyaka we-2018 zisezingeni lamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-23,2 (i.e., uma ziqhathaniswa nezangonyaka owedlule, zehla ngo-7,4% (nge-1,9 810,2 ha). Ukuvunwa okuphelele kwaba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4,0, okuyi-33,4% (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2017) ngaphansi kuka-XNUMX. Ngendlela, ukwehla komkhiqizo kwaqoshwa okokuqala ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu yokukhula okuqhubekayo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, amanani entengo yekherothi awazange awashaye amarekhodi, kodwa ahlala esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma sibala kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2019, lapho abakhiqizi abaningi bephelelwa yimpahla yomkhiqizo onekhwalithi: maphakathi noJanuwari, izaqathi zithengiswa ngo-13- ruble / kg (kg) okungama-20% okuphezulu ngokwesilinganiso kunasekupheleni kukaJanuwari 47), ngoMashi intengo ephakathi ikhuphuke ngomunye u-2018%.
Umthamo omkhulu wemikhiqizo engenisiwe (ngokuyinhloko evela eBelarus), ebithengiswa cishe ngamanani afanayo nalawa asekhaya, uvimbele ukwazisa okwengeziwe.
Ngo-2019, ukuvunwa okuphelele kwamaqathi kwanda - ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, cishe nge-1%. Izintengo zehlile. Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2020, izaqathe zazithengiswa ngokwesilinganiso kuma-ruble ayi-8-14 / kg, ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaFebhuwari - ngo-6-12 ruble / kg, kuya ngekhwalithi yeqoqwana.
UBeetroot
Emakethe yebhungethi ngo-2018, ochwepheshe baqaphele ukwanda kwamavolumu ezitshalo - ngo-11% (kufika kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-427). Lo mphumela wabonwa njengophakeme kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90. Ngonyaka owedlule, kwaqoqwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-384, kwathi ngo-2016 - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-404. Ngasikhathi sinye, izintengo zomkhiqizo zisekela ukuthambekela okujwayelekile kwemifino kuya phezulu.
Ngokusho kwesikhungo se-AB Centre, amabhungane amaningi athengiswa ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2019 athengiswa, ngokwesilinganiso, ngentengo yama-ruble ayi-10,5 / kg (ngaphandle kwe-VAT), i-19,3% ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka phambilini. Ngo-Ephreli 2019, amanani ayesezingeni lama-ruble ayi-10-17 / kg.
Ngo-2019, inani lama-beetroot okuvunwa lenyuka ngo-2,5% (uma kuqhathaniswa no-2018), futhi amanani emvelo kwehla: ngoJanuwari 24, 2020, ngokuya ngokuqapha kwentengo okuvela kwisazi se-Expert Analytical Center for Agribusiness, inkatho yamabhungane yayithengisa ngokwesilinganiso ama-ruble ayi-8,8 ./kg (ngaphandle kwe-VAT), isb. 16,5% eshibhile kunesikhathi esifanayo sika-2019.
Anyanisi
Ukuvunwa kwe-anyanisi ngonyaka we-2018 kufinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,034, futhi lo mphumela wawungaphansi kwe-11% kunemiphumela ka-2017. Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, umkhiqizo uthathe indawo yesibili phakathi kwamasiko okukhethwa kwe-borscht kumanani entengo: ngokusho kwe-Federal State Statistics Service, kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2019, u-anyanisi ukhuphuke ngentengo ngo-71,5%.
Ukususwa kwezindleko kungalandelwa ngokuningiliziwe: ngoFebhuwari 15, 2019, imithwalo yathengiswa ngentengo yama-ruble / kg ayi-14,5-15 (ngoFebhuwari 2018 - kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-9 / kg), ngoFebhuwari 22 - ngezimo ukwehla kwezitoko ngezinqolobane - esevele zisuka kuma-ruble ayi-19-20 / kg, ngo-Ephreli 19 - kusuka ku-21-22 ruble / kg (ngo-Ephreli 2018 - kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-10 / kg), ngo-Ephreli 26 - kusuka kuma-ruble / kg ama-2526 ekuqaleni kukaMeyi 2018 - kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-8 / kg).
U-anyanisi waqala ukwehla ngentengo kuphela kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, kepha ngalesi sikhathi bagcina igebe elihle ngamanani esizini eyedlule: ngoJulayi, ezifundeni ezimaphakathi zaseRussia, u-anyanisi wathengiswa ngentengo engu-18-25 ama-ruble / kg, futhi ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti - ku-15-22 ruble / kg.
Ngo-2019 obukhulu, kungenzeka ukuqoqa amathani ayizigidi ezingama-1,09 (5% ngaphezulu kuka-2018) anyanisi. Amanani ayengenawo amarekhodi: ekupheleni kukaDisemba ka-2019 nasekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2020, u-anyanisi omningi wathengisa ngo-10-17 ama-ruble / kg. Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, izindleko, ngokusho kwabahlaziyi bephrojekthi ye-East-fruit.com, zikhuphuke ngo-8%, futhi ngaleso sikhathi ukunikezwa komkhiqizo emakethe kukhuphuke kakhulu, okubuye kwabuyisela amanani entweni yabo yangaphambilini.
UKUQALA
Kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuhlanganisa isizini ka-2019/20 ngoFebhuwari. Phambili ukuhoxiswa emakethe kwenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi, okungenzeka - ukwanda kwesidingo sezimpahla ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ukuvulwa kwezindawo zokugcina zabakhiqizi abakhulu ngokubala ngamanani amnandi, futhi-ke, ukugeleza lokungeniswa.
Ngaphandle kwenqubekela phambili ebonakalayo ekugcineni eminyakeni yamuva, inani lokuthengwa kwesivuno ngasinye lihlala libalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kweFederal Customs Service, ngesizini ka-2018/2019. I-Russia ingenise phesheya iklabishi amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-113, amathani ayi-187 ayizinkulungwane izaqathe, ngaphezu kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200 anyanisi. Abathengisi abakhulu yiGibhithe, i-Azerbaijan, i-Israel, neChina. Yize kungenzeka kungabi khona ukwanda kwempahla evela eChina kule ntwasahlobo.
Kusenezinyanga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezizayo, abaningi abanethemba elikhulu ngazo, okungenzeka ukuthi banazo izizathu. Khumbula, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi intengo yamazambane ngesizini edlule kuphela inyukele ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaMeyi (inkatho ethengisiwe ngenani lama-ruble / kg ayi-13) futhi yahlala isezingeni eliphakeme kuze kufike amazambane okuqala evela ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, evumela abakhiqizi bezolimo ukuthi bahlale kanye.
Kepha ukuphela kwalesi sikhathi sokuthengisa kungahluka. Futhi kuphothulwe okulandelayo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwako kunesikhathi esincane kakhulu esisele.
Singahle sicabange ukuthi, ngokunokwenzeka, ngokubheka isizinda sesimo samanje, kulo nyaka indawo engaphansi kwesiko le-borscht isethi ngeke yandiswe. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kwenzeka izinhlekelele zemvelo phakathi nenkathi noma ngesikhathi sokuvuna ekwindla, ukushoda kwemifino namazambane kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani akubekelwa eceleni, kepha lesi sibikezelo asicishe sibe ngokunemba njengokuqagela kwesimo sezulu ehlobo elizayo.
Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi intengo ezongena intengo izongena kuphi emakethe engalawulwa. Indaba yokunyuka kwamanani phakathi kokuvuna e-Ukraine isiqinisekiso esihle kakhulu salokhu. Umshwalense okuwukuphela kokuguquguquka kwentengo kwebhizinisi lezolimo ukwethulwa kohlelo lwalo lokuhlela, okusho ukuqonda okucacile kokuthi isivuno esitholakalayo sizothengiswa kuphi, ngamalini futhi ngamanani. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngokwakha nokugcina indingilizi yamakhasimende ajwayelekile noma ngemikhiqizo ekhulayo yohlelo oluthile, ngaphansi kwesivumelwano nokucubungula izitshalo noma amaketanga okuthengisa. Namuhla amapulazi amaningi anamathuba alokhu.