Izisetshenziswa namazinga okusetshenziswa
UMikhail Evgenievich DANILOV, uMqondisi Wezokumaketha Nokuthengisa we-Avgusta, uqhubeka nendaba yakhe mayelana nomthelela wezici ezihlukahlukene ekusebenzeni kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Izincwadi ezedlule zixoxile ngomthelela wekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nezimo zezulu ekusebenzeni kwesifutho kanye nokuziphatha kwamaconsi ngesikhathi sokufafaza. Manje sizokhuluma ngemishini esetshenziselwa ukwethulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Ngobuningi bezitshalo, i-boom sprayer isetshenziswa kaningi. Lesi "yisikhali" lapho sizoshaya khona ilitshe ngokunembile nangesikhathi, noma sizogeja. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwesibulala-zinambuzane kuncike kakhulu ezicini zaso kanye nesimo sokusetshenziswa.
UKULUNGISWA KWESIXAZULULO
Isigaba sokuqala se-sprayer, ngaphambi kokuqala kokwelashwa kwangempela, ukulungiswa kwesisombululo sokusebenza. Futhi umsebenzi wethu ukwenza isixazululo sokusebenza ukuze umuthi usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umthamo waso, ungaqoqi ezindaweni ezimile ze-sprayer, ungenzi imvula noma amahlule e-emulsion ephambene, njll.
Umusho oyinhloko encazelweni yokulungiswa kwesixazululo sokusebenza uthi "lapho i-mixer isebenza (ivuliwe)" ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene (i-mixer ingachazwa ngokuthi "imishini", "hydraulic", "isebenza kahle" noma "njalo ukusebenza").
Muva nje, imikhumbi yezifutho emapulazini amaningi ivuselelwe, kodwa ukuhlukahluka kwabo ngokwekhwalithi kusekukhulu. Futhi ekusebenzeni kwami, ngihlangane nabafafazi (ngeke ngenze ukukhangisa noma anti-advertising kunoma ubani), lapho i-agitator engumshini iqala ukusebenza kuphela lapho isifutho sihamba, ngakho-ke inqubo yokulungiselela isisombululo "nge-agitator ivuliwe. ” akunakwenzeka. Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi ye-sedimentation yezidakamizwa ezingancibiliki kahle (ngesimo se-SP noma i-EDG, isibonelo), ezimweni ezinjalo kunengqondo ukulungiselela umama wotshwala.
Ukwengeza, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho isifutho esifanayo sengezwe ethangini, izidakamizwa eziningi, ngenxa yobuningi bazo, obukhulu kunamanzi, zizocwila phansi. Futhi lokhu, esimweni sokulungiswa kwezingxube zethangi, kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi encibilikayo kancane. Ukuhlanzwa okulandelayo kwemishini kuba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Ngandlela-thile ngizibonele mathupha ukuhlupheka ngesifutho esinjalo lapho ngizama ukwenza ingxube yethangi le-Tornado "August" kanye ne-Herbitox: "ukhonkolo" owenziwe ngaphansi kwesifutho wawungenakunyakaziswa nge-agitator evula kuphela lapho ushayela. .
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho ulungiselela isisombululo sokusebenza, inani (ngokungafani nezibalo) lincike ekuvunyelweni kwemigomo ku-equation. Isibonelo, ukwakheka okuningi ngendlela ye-emulsion concentrates (EC) kuvame ukwakha okuthiwa i-emulsion ephambene. Kalula nje, lapho sifaka umuthi emanzini, khona-ke amaconsi amancane okwakhiwa emanzini akhiwa - i-emulsion, esilwela ukuyithola, kodwa uma uthela amanzi emthini, khona-ke uthola amaconsi amancane amanzi emthini. , okungukuthi, i-emulsion ephambene. Kungaba ugqinsi ngokwedlulele futhi izinze futhi kungaba nzima kakhulu emulsified ngokungeza amanzi kanye nokunyakazisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ihambisana nokuvala yonke into kanye nawo wonke umuntu osifuthayo ngokuphawula okuhambisanayo kwabaqhubi bemishini kanye nezazi zezolimo namahlathi kubathuthukisi. Ingozi yokwakhiwa kwe-"emulsion inverse" kufanele ikhunjulwe, njengoba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-sprayer ezinezindlela ezahlukene zokulayisha ezingenzeka zingaholela ekumangaleni okungajabulisi.
Ukuqhubeka nengxoxo mayelana nenani elishintshayo kusukela ekuvunyelweni kwemigomo, - izingxube zethangi zezidakamizwa kufanele zilungiswe ngokulandelana (njengomthetho, kusukela ekuncibilikeni okuncane kuya kokuncibilika kakhulu), njengoba kunconywa abakhiqizi, bengeza umuthi ngamunye olandelayo ngemuva owangaphambili uhlakazwe ngokuphelele. Isidakamizwa ngokwaso kuphela noma utshwala baso obukhokhiswayo ngethangi langaphambi kwethangi, kodwa hhayi amanzi. Futhi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthi kungenzeka yini "izimanga" kakade ku-sprayer, kubalulekile ukuhlola kuqala izibulala-zinambuzane ukuhambisana (ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emikhiqizweni evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene kanye nezinhlanganisela ongazijwayele kusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho).
ISIMO SOKUPHAKATHI
Sicabanga ukuthi ekuqaleni kokufafaza, zonke izinqubo ze-sprayer, kusukela empompini, amapayipi, izihlungi futhi ngokuqondile emibhobho yesifutho, zisebenza kahle, ukucindezela ohlelweni kugcinwa ezingeni elidingekayo, akukho lutho olugelezayo. , futhi ukusabalala kwesilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-liquid emibhobho yesifutho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa akudluli i-10%. Uma ama-nozzles ayehlanjululwe ngaphambilini nge-awl, i-screwdriver noma ibhulashi lensimbi futhi umuntu angaphupha kuphela ukusabalalisa okungu-10% kanye nesifutho esifanayo, bese kushintshwa izifutho ezisetshenziswayo.
Kwenzekani uma ungaziba ama-injection? Sake sathola imibuzo evela eklayentini mayelana nomphumela oqinile womuthi wokubulala ukhula i-Lapis Lazuli ebhalini elihlwanyelwe ngemva kwamazambane. Safika endaweni, futhi insimu yayibonakala ihlanganiswe nekama elinamazinyo angavamile, futhi yonke imitha inemicu emincane ehambisanayo yomhlaba engenalutho engenazo izithombo. Futhi eduze kukhona isifutho "esenziwe ngezandla" esinama-nozzles kagesi wevolumu ephansi, ngayinye engakhiqizi kuphela "ifu" lesifutho, kodwa futhi isixazululo sokusebenza. Kuvele ukuthi lesi sifutho sisetshenziswe ensimini yamazambane ngendlela efanayo ngonyaka odlule. Futhi, vele, wethula inkambiso ye-metribuzin yomlomo ngamunye izikhathi eziningi ngaphezu kwayo yonke imithetho. Yingakho ibhali laphenduka "likamiwa".
UKUKHETHWA KWAMANOZZLE
Izincwadi zokubhalisa zanoma yisiphi isibulala-zinambuzane zihlale zibonisa izinga lokusetshenziswa koketshezi olusebenzayo ngehektha ngalinye esilimoni esithile. Ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngomuthi, indlela yokusebenza kwayo, indawo eyinhloko yento ehlosiwe eduze kwephrofayili ye-vegetative mass, ukuminyana okuvamile kwe-canopy yayo, njalonjalo. Ngenxa yezici zenqubo yokubhalisa e-Russian Federation, kubakhiqizi abaningi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, lezi zimiso, njengomthetho, ziqala ku-200 l / ha. Futhi ngamalungiselelo okuxhumana, agcina ngokuphindaphinda kwezindinganiso ezinkulu - 400 l / ha, futhi kwezinye izitshalo ezide ezingapheli zingadlula i-1000 l / ha.
Izinga lokufaka isicelo lisuselwa kusayizi (usayizi) wesifafazi, ibanga phakathi kwemibhobho yesifutho ku-boom, ingcindezi yokusebenza, kanye nezinga lokufutha. Ngenxa yamazinga e-ISO amisiwe, izinga le-atomizer libhekisela kuzinga lombhobho kumagaloni ase-US ngomzuzu ku-40 psi ingcindezi yokusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-caliber 01 iwukuphuma okungamagaloni angu-0,1 US (ilitha elilodwa lilingana namalitha angu-3,785) kubha engu-2,8. I-Caliber 02, 03 noma 04 isho ukuthi 0,2 0,3 noma 0,4 GPM kubha engu-2,8. Izifutho zezinga elifanayo ngokuvamile zipendwe ngemibala efanayo ukunciphisa ukudideka okungenzeka.
Kodwa zonke lezi zibalo kanye nemininingwane ye-American gallon-lb-inch ayidingi ukucwila kukho. Ngoba izibali ezihambisanayo zokukhethwa kwemibhobho ziyatholakala kuzicelo zeselula zabakhiqizi abaningi bezibulala-zinambuzane (ngokwesibonelo, kuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula "Augusta"), izifutho noma izifutho, ezingalandwa ku-Google Play naku-App Store. Futhi kuzo zonke izinto zingabalwa ngesisekelo samakhilomitha, amamitha namalitha esiwajwayele. Njengoba sinikeze uhlelo olunjalo ukusetshenziswa okudingekayo kwesisombululo sokusebenza ngehektha ngalinye, ibanga phakathi kwemibhobho yesifutho kanye nesivinini esilinganiselwe sokunyakaza kwayo, sithola isethi yamabhomu angenzeka.
Isici esibalulekile se-atomizer ubukhulu beconsi eyakhayo. Ake ngikhumbule kafushane amakilasi e-droplet ngokwezinga le-ISO 25358: VF / lihle kakhulu - lihle kakhulu; F / inhlawulo - inhle; M / medium - medium; C / i-coarse - enkulu; I-VC / i-coarse kakhulu - inkulu kakhulu; I-XC / Imaholoholo ngokwedlulele imaholoholo ngokwedlulele futhi i-UC / I-Ultra i-coarse kakhulu. Incazelo enemininingwane yamakilasi (kuze kube manje kuphela ngesiNgisi) ingatholakala kukhathalogi entsha ye-Lechler: www.lechler.com/fileadmin/media/kataloge/pdfs/agrar/EN/lechler_agriculture_catalogue_2020_en.pdf.
Izinga lokucubungula, njengoba sibhale ngaphambili, lithonywa kakhulu isimo sezulu - ngokuyinhloko izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama womoya, kanye nesivinini somoya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zici zithinta ukusebenza kahle kokufafaza ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi izici ze-nozzles (ubukhulu bokudonsa okwakhiwa yibo) kanye nesilinganiso sokufaka isicelo. Ngakho-ke, ukufafaza ngamaconsi amancane ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophezulu, amazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo nomoya kufanele kuholele ekumbozweni okuphelele kwendawo ephathwayo, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuxhumaneni nasekulungiseleleni uhlelo lwendawo. Kodwa ngezinga elifanayo lokusebenzisa, kodwa esimweni sezulu esomile, esishisayo nesinomoya, amaconsi amancane azokwazi ukoma futhi akhukhuleke aye emasimini angomakhelwane, ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo, isicelo se-coarse-droplet singcono (ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa imibhobho yomjovo. , okunciphisa ingozi yokuwa kwamaconsi endaweni eselashiwe) ... Manje i-Drift isiyisici esibaluleke kakhulu, futhi amaconsi angaphansi kwama-microns ayi-150 ngosayizi ayakhukhuleka, okungaholela ekufeni kwezitshalo eziseduze. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalesi sihloko esifushane, akwenzeki ukuchaza zonke izinhlobo nezici zemibhobho yesifutho. Izici ezinemininingwane zamabhobhothi athile, ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bawo (ubukhulu), uhlobo lwesifutho abakhayo, usayizi wamaconsi, ingozi yokukhukhuleka, ukufaneleka kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezihleliwe noma ezithintana naye, kanye nezincomo ezibalulekile mayelana nokuphakama kwesifutho esingaphezulu kwaleyo nto ekhona. ukwelashwa, kuye ngokuthi i-angle yephethini ye-spray kanye namabanga phakathi kwama-nozzles asezindaweni zezinkampani "Lechler" ne "TeeJet". Lolu lwazi kufanele lubhekwe kumasayithi www.lechler.com/fileadmin/media/kataloge/pdfs/agrar/RU/lechler_agrar_broschuere_feldbau_ru.pdf и www.teejet.com/ru/spray_application/nozzles.aspx
Kukhona nezinhlelo zokukhethwa kwezimbobo ezicabangela izimo zezulu. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwe-Jacto Smart Selector oluvela komunye wabaholi bomhlaba ekukhiqizeni izifutho - inkampani ye-Jacto, etholakalayo futhi ukufakwa ku-Google Play noma Isitolo Sohlelo Lokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwesimo sezulu, lolu hlelo luphinde lucabangele izici ze-pesticide - i-herbicide / fungicide / insecticide kanye ne-systemic / contact / inhlabathi.
Olunye uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula oluthokozisayo olwakhiwe uMnyango Wezolimo Nokudla waseWestern Australia lubizwa nge- "SnapCard" https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-015-0309-y... Ibala isilinganiso sokufakwa okulinganiselwe (ngokubekezelela okuhlukile kwemodeli yokuhlola, yebo) kuye ngezimo zezulu zamakhaliba amathathu (02, 03, 04) nezinhlobo ezine zamanozi e-TeeJet - TT, TP, XK kanye ne-AIXR. Uhlelo luphinde luhlinzekele ukusetshenziswa kwephepha elizwela amanzi: ngokuthatha isithombe salo nge-smartphone, unganquma iphesenti lokumbozwa kwendawo ngesisombululo esisebenzayo.
Ochwepheshe abanolwazi bangasebenzisa iphepha elizwela amanzi ukuze baqhathanise ukufakwa okubaliwe nemiphumela yangempela ukuze banqume ukuthi izindlela zaseNtshonalanga Australia zihlobana kanjani nezimo zendawo.
Ake siphinde: izici eziningi ezithinta noma yikuphi ukufutha. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izinga lokugeleza kwesisombululo sokusebenza, uhlobo lwe-nozzle (ingcindezi yokusebenza, iphethini yesifutho, ubukhulu be-droplet nezici, i-angle yokuhlasela), ibanga phakathi kwemibhobho, nokuphakama kwe-boom. Izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umfutho womoya, isivinini somoya kanye nesivinini sokuhamba ngesifutha kubalulekile. Okubalulekile ukuminyana kwe-vegetative mass, indawo yento ehlosiwe, i-angle yokuthambekela kwendawo ephathwayo emhlabathini, izakhiwo zendawo ephathwayo. Masingakhohlwa mayelana nokugxila, ukungezwani kwendawo, i-viscosity yesisombululo sokusebenza, njalonjalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izici eziningi zisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukile, futhi ezindleleni ezihlukile zokusebenza ze-sprayer "hamba" noma ngokuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle, noma ku-minus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezingxube ezihlukahlukene zamathangi kungaholela ekwandeni kokuhlushwa kwesisombululo sokusebenza sezinto ezisebenzayo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-solvents nama-adjuvants, angabangela i-phytotoxicity.
IPHI INKINGA?
Izivivinyo eziningi ezenziwa yizo zombili izinhlangano ezizimele nezincike kubakhiqizi noma ubuchwepheshe noma izibulala-zinambuzane, ngokuvamile azinikezi impendulo engaguquki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwemithi olungcono. Okuningi kuncike esimweni sezulu esithile, isigaba noma izinga lokukhula kwesitshalo / ukhula / izinambuzane / izifo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesizini eyodwa singabona umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokufafaza ku-100 no-150 l / ha, kanti kwenye singaboni umehluko phakathi kuka-25 no-200 l / ha.
Singathini mayelana nolwazi lomuntu siqu lwezazi zezolimo namahlathi? Omunye uzobe ekhihliza amagwebu ukuze afakazele ukuthi noma yisiphi isidakamizwa sisebenza kahle ngenani lika-25 l / ha (omunye umFulentshi ohlakaniphile wathi uhlala ekwenza lokhu), kanti omunye ngentshiseko efanayo uzoxoxa indaba mayelana nendlela ekushiseni nokushisa. isomiso washisa ukolweni wasebusika ngesifutho esincane esinamaconsi anenhlanganisela yamalungiselelo asekelwe ku-2,4-D, i-florasulam, i-propiconazole ne-cyproconazole ne-lambda-cyhalothrin. Futhi kokubili kuyoba okulungile, ngoba lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye okuhlotshaniswa nesicelo esithile somkhiqizo othile ezimweni ezithile, futhi akukhona neze isifundo se-meta.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nokuhlola okuphawuleka kakhulu ngokombono wendlela yokuhlangenwe nakho kwasensimini kune-drawback ephawulekayo. Zenziwa cishe ngasikhathi sinye, ngakho-ke azinaki isici esifana nesikhathi esidingekayo sokucutshungulwa, futhi unikeze impendulo kuphela embuzweni wokuthi iyiphi imodi yokufafaza engcono njengamanje kanye nesimo esithile ensimini. Futhi i-agronomist esebenzayo engenzi ucwaningo, kodwa isebenza ngesikhathi sangempela - izinkinga zenhlangano, isimo sezulu "amafasitela", ukungabi nabaqhubi bemishini kanye nemishini yokuphula - kukhona ukukhetha okunzima. Yikuphi okungcono - kucatshangelwa isethi etholakalayo yezifutho kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi, ukuchela ngesilinganiso esinconywayo samalitha angama-200 ihektha ngalinye noma ezinsukwini ezine kuya ezinhlanu ngesilinganiso esingu-100 l/ha? Noma mhlawumbe ukucubungula konke ngezinsuku ezintathu ngesilinganiso sokusebenzisa esingu-50 l / ha? Ngempela, ezimweni eziningi kungcono ukusebenza kancane ngokuphumelelayo ngokwezinga lokuhlanganisa, kodwa ngesikhathi kunokwekhwalithi, kodwa sekwephuzile - ngokhula olukhule kakhulu, izigaba ezingenazwelo zezinambuzane, noma esigabeni esinjalo sesifo lapho ngisho Ukwelapha okuphumelelayo kakhulu akusakwazi ukukwelapha kanye nomuthi oqeda nya.
Yiqiniso, ngokucabangela okuvamile, uma unesifutho samahektha angu-10 - 15 - 30 - 50 (njengoba kwenzeka kubalimi eYurophu), futhi amanzi awaqinile, anosawoti noma angcolile, ungasebenza izinga lika-200 - 300 - 400 l / ha, bese ucabanga ngamasekhondi (isikhathi esichithwe ekucubungulweni) ngqo. Kodwa uma unesifutho esisodwa onawo ngamakhulu (noma izinkulungwane) zamahektha, isikhathi kufanele siphathwe ngenhlonipho enkulu kakhulu.
IMITHETHO KANYE OKUNGEKE
Ngomthwalo ophezulu ku-sprayer, ucindezela ukudlula imingcele yemigomo ebhalisiwe, singakwazi ukweluleka kafushane okulandelayo. Uma kufika ama-herbicides esistimu (lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, i-glyphosate, i-2,4-D, i-dicamba, i-MCPA, i-sulfonylureas, i-florasulam, i-clopyralid, i-picloram), lapho izinga lokumbozwa kanye nokungena engxenyeni engezansi yokhula lingabalulekile kangako ngenxa yokwakheka kwazo. ukunyakaza eduze kwe-phloem, khona-ke ukwandisa umkhiqizo (yebo, ucabangela ingozi yokukhukhuleka), ungasebenza ngamanani ancishisiwe okusetshenziswa kwesixazululo sokusebenza. Ngisho nokhula lwaminyaka yonke olunosayizi omaphakathi olunobukhulu obungajwayelekile uma kusetshenziswa imibhobho yamaconsi amaqhafuqhafu luzocekelwa phansi yi-glyphosate kangcono kunolumila ngenxa yendawo ethile engaphezulu kwayo. Kumalungiselelo anjalo, amazinga okusetshenziswa afika ku-100 l / ha amukelekile impela. Futhi uma sibheka isimo ngokubhaliswa kwemikhiqizo enjalo emazweni lapho kusetshenziswa amalitha namahektha, khona-ke kuvame ukuqala ngenani elihambisana namanani angaphansi kuka-50 l / ha.
Nokho, ukwehlisa amanani ezicelo anconyiwe kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi noma yikuphi ukubunjwa kuthuthukiswa ukuze kusetshenziswe ngendlela ye-emulsion noma ukumiswa endaweni ethile. Ngokuncipha kwezinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngezinye izikhathi, ungathola i-emulsion engazinzile yokusebenza noma ukumiswa.
Ukuze ama-anti-cereal herbicides isimo sinzima nakakhulu. Amaqabunga okusanhlamvu ahlala eseduze nokuma mpo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, avame ukumanziswa kancane kunamaqabunga ezitshalo eziningi ze-dicotyledonous (hhayi zonke, kunjalo). Ngakho-ke, nakuba kukhona nesipiliyoni esiphumelelayo sokusebenzisa amazinga okugeleza anesizotha oketshezi olusebenzayo ukulungiselela amalungiselelo e-anti-cereal, akusafanele ukwehlisa izinga lokugeleza ngaphansi kwe-100 l / ha.
Umbuzo ohlukile - inhlabathi yokubulala ukhula... Ngokuvamile, izincomo zibonisa ukuthi zidinga ukusebenza ukuze zimboze inhlabathi kahle, ngakho-ke amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okusetshenziswa kwesisombululo sokusebenza avumelekile (sikhuluma ngemithethonqubo engadingi ukufakwa kwesidakamizwa emhlabathini. ngemva kokufafaza). Kodwa lapha, futhi, konke kuncike kakhulu emandleni e-herbicide ukunyakaza, kulokhu, hhayi esitshalweni, kodwa emhlabathini. Uma sikhuluma nge-pendimethalin, khona-ke ayinyakazi emhlabathini nasezinsalela zezitshalo - lapho iwele khona, yalungiswa lapho. Futhi ama-chloroacetamide (C-metolachlor, propisochlor, acetochlor) kanye ne-triazines (prometrine, metribuzin, terbutylazine) anokuhamba okuphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokusetshenziswa kwesisombululo esisebenzayo esidingwa yi-pendimethalin akudingekile kubo.
Nokho, njengoba for thintana nama-herbicides (i-bentazone, i-desmedipham, i-fenmedipham), ngakho-ke kungcono ukuba bafafaze ngezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganisa, okutholakala ngokuyinhloko ngamanani aphezulu esixazululo sokusebenza kanye nokufafaza kwamaconsi amancane.
Ukuze ama-fungicides nama-insecticides ukumboza, i-bottom-tier kanye ne-leaf-back kubaluleke kakhulu kune-systemic herbicides. Wonke umuntu uyasiqonda lesi sidingo semithi yokuxhumana, kodwa ibalulekile nakwezohlelo. Ama-Systemic fungicides nama-insecticides asendaweni (angakwazi ukungena ngeqabunga noma ahambe endaweni yawo, anyakaze kancane esigabeni somhwamuko), noma i-xylem-systemic (ezinye i-triazoles, i-strobilurins, i-succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors), okungukuthi, zinganyakaza. ngokusebenzisa isitshalo kuphela acropetally, phezulu. Futhi ngokungafani ne-glyphosate, zona, lapho zike zaba seqophelweni eliphezulu lesitshalo, ngeke neze zikwazi ukuphelela engxenyeni engezansi noma ezimpandeni. Ngakho-ke, uma kungenzeka, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ama-insecticide noma ama-fungicides ngesilinganiso sesisombululo sokusebenza okungenani esingu-100 l / ha. Futhi kungcono nakakhulu ukusebenzisa okungenani izinga eliphansi elinconywayo lokucubungula (uma, kunjalo, okokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuba khona kwamanzi anempahla efanele kuvumela).
Kunezimo lapho izinga lesixazululo sokusebenza kufanele lenyuswe futhi lingagodli ama-surfactants angaphandle. Isibonelo, kufanelekile ukwenza lokhu lapho ulwa nebhu leklabishi elihlala ngemuva kweqabunga elishelelayo neliqinile le-waxy rape.
Kodwa futhi - "inkolelo-mbono yomile, mngane wami, futhi umuthi wokuphila uluhlaza ngokumangalisayo." Ukusebenza kwe-fungicides, lapho lesi sifo "sishiya" phakathi nesikhathi sokufakwa, sinciphisa kakhulu. Futhi isikhathi se-incubation sokugqwala okunsundu kokusanhlamvu, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, singaba phakathi nesonto elilodwa. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuthi kusebenze hhayi ngokuphumelelayo (ukunciphisa izinga lesisombululo sokusebenza), kodwa ngesikhathi, njengoba ukwelashwa ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezine ngaphambili kuba, njengoba i-classic yayivame ukusho, "okubalulekile".
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-fungicides (isibonelo, i-systemic triazoles) ekugxilweni kwawo okuphezulu esixazululweni sokusebenza (ngisho nasezixubeni nama-herbicides, okuyinto evamile), ikakhulukazi uma esetshenziswa ngamaconsi amancane esimweni sezulu esomile nesishisayo (lapho ithonsi likhuphuka. indlela eya entweni eqondiwe inesikhathi sokumisa futhi isakhulisa ukugxila) ingase ibonise i-phytotoxicity. Yiqiniso, kuthonywa izici zesiko kanye nokuzwela kwezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa uma ukubonakaliswa kwe-phytotoxicity enjalo kungavamile ukwenzeka kokusanhlamvu futhi kuthinta kancane isivuno, khona-ke emifino noma amazambane ahlukahlukene kungaba yingozi. .
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