Cishe yonke imikhiqizo yezolimo yaseRussia itshalwa kusuka imbewu engenisiwe. Ukufakwa okunjalo okuyinqayizivele emkhakheni wezolimo. Ama-beet afanayo atshalwe ensimini, afana nawethu, kepha imbewu yale bhung yalethwa yaphesheya. Kuzokwenzekani uma ngolunye usuku bengalethwa?
“Iphephandaba lasePhalamende” linqume ukuthola ukuthi kungani izwe liqhubeka nokuthembela ekungenisweni kwemikhiqizo, ukuthi lokhu kuncike kangakanani nokuthi uhulumeni uzoyixazulula kanjani inkinga yokushoda kwembewu yasekhaya.
Ngiyethemba abalimi?
"Yebo, noma ngabe yikuphi ukwahlukahlukana okuthatha - amagama angaphandle akuyo yonke indawo, ngoba yonke imbewu iyangeniswa," kusho uSihlalo woMkhandlu Wenhlangano, uValentina Matvienko ngesikhathi kuvulwa indawo entsha ebamba ukushisa esifundeni saseLeningrad.
Uncome abasebenzi abasebenza ngokuluhlaza ngokuqhamuka nobuchwepheshe obusha, kepha, ekhuluma nawo wonke umphakathi wezolimo nabenzi bezomthetho, unxuse ukuthi basebenzisane kakhulu nasekubuyiselweni komkhakha wezimbewu ukuze imikhiqizo yezolimo ikhiqizwe ngokuphelele ngezinto ezifuywayo.
Isimo ekukhiqizweni kwembewu asilungile neze emkhakheni wokulima izingadi nemifino, usihlalo weKomidi Lezizwe leDuma Izinkinga Zezolimo, uVladimir Kashin, uvumile engxoxweni abe nayo nePhalamende Newspaper. Ngokusho kwakhe, abakhiqizi bashukela kanye nama-fodder beets ancike kakhulu kwimbewu engenisiwe. Imbewu yokuncintisana yasekhaya yalesi siko isengakadalwa, iPhini likuphawulile.
Izinto zingcono kancane ngommbila: imakethe isasathathwa ngabakhiqizi bangaphandle abakwazile ukwenza lokhu kule ndawo amashumi eminyaka edlule. Ngasikhathi sinye, abatshali bezimbewu baseRussia bangaba izimbangi ezinkulu kubo, kepha ngenxa yalokho umbuso kumele ubasekele.
Imbewu yasekhaya idumile kakhulu kubantu, kusho uVladimir Kashin. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokutshala imifino "engadini". "Cishe amaphesenti angama-80 emifino (utamatisi, ukhukhamba, upelepele nezinye) akhiqizwa yisakhamuzi, futhi le ngxenye ivalwe ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya," kusho isishayamthetho.
Enye yezilimo ezimbalwa zemifino ekhulwe kusuka kokungeniswa ngaphakathi ngamazambane. Lapha, umkhakha ohlonishwayo uthathwa yizinhlobonhlobo zamaDashi, futhi isidingo sazo asiveli kubalimi abajwayelekile, kodwa futhi nakumafemu amakhulu ezolimo.
Izinto ezinhle kakhulu zisengxenyeni yokusanhlamvu. “Izinhlobo zethu zinhle, ziyancintisana futhi zivuna isivuno esihle, okuyizinkinga ezimbalwa kule ndawo. Kepha kuleminyaka engama-20 edlule, abasunguli kanye nabakhiqizi abasemqoka abatholanga mali evela kuhulumeni.
Iziteshi eziningi ziyahliswa futhi zibolekwe, zidinga ukuvuselelwa futhi zithuthukiswe, ”kukhononda uVladimir Kashin. Ukuvuselelwa kokukhiqizwa kwembewu: ukulinda nini "izithombo" Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu eziphazamisa ukukhula komkhiqizo wembewu eRussia ngumthetho ophelelwe yisikhathi. Umthetho othi "On Imbewu Production" awukashintshi selokhu waqala ngawo maphakathi nawo-90s. Futhi yize kuye kwaba nemizamo ehlukile yokuyibuyekeza, akekho noyedwa owatholile amandla omthetho.
Ngokusho kukaVladislav Korochkin, oyilungu loMkhandlu Womphakathi ngaphansi koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation, izinkambiso zalo mbhalo empeleni zigcinwa zodwa ngaphandle kwabalimi baseRussia. “Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuguqulwe imithethonqubo eminingi evimbela ukusakazwa kwamahhala nokuthumela imbewu, ukunqande ukungeniswa nokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo kulabo abafuna ukufuya zombili izikhungo ezisemthethweni zesayensi kanye nabafuyi abafuna nje inzalo,” kusho uchwepheshe.
Njengoba kunikezwe nodaba lokuqalwa kokukhiqizwa kwembewu, izinhlelo sezivele kuHulumeni Duma ukuze kuphothulwe umthetho obizwa ngeMbewu Production. Lolu lwazi luqinisekiswe "yiphephandaba lePhalamende" uVladimir Kashin, ephawula ukuthi kuyadingeka ukubuyekeza lo mkhakha wezolimo "mpo", kufaka nokwakhiwa kwesisekelo sesayensi kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo lokukhiqiza amasheya okutshala anempilo.
Indaba yokwenza ngcono isisekelo sezobuchwepheshe ilukhuni kakhulu embusweni wethu, kwenezelwe u-Alexander Polyakov, ilungu leKomidi laseDuma ngezinkinga ze-Agrarian. “Ezweni lethu, kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe obudala beminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-30, kanti ososayensi abaningi baseRussia sebehambile bayosebenza kwizikhungo zokuzalela zakwamanye amazwe. Isimo sidinga ukujikisa ngaphesheya, "isekela liqinisekile. Kusukela ngonyaka ophelile, uHulumeni ubesebenza ukuvuselelwa kokukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwembewu.
Esikhundleni sikaMongameli Vladimir Putin, uMnyango Wezolimo wethule uHlelo Lokuqina Kwesayensi Nobuchwepheshe Lwezokuthuthukiswa KwezoLimo luka-2017 ukuya ku-2025. Inikela ngama-subprograms ngamanye ekuthuthukisweni kokukhethwa nokukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane, kanye nama-beet, imifino, i-sunflower kanye nommbila.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemephu yale phrojekthi, womabili la mazwe kufanele ukuthi asekuhlelweni lokuqalisa ukusebenza kwawo.
Ukuthi umbuso ubeke eqhulwini iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kokukhiqizwa kwembewu njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kwaqinisekiswa nayiphini likasihlalo weKomidi Lesigungu Esiphethe Senkambiso yenqubomgomo yokudla kwezolimo nokuphathwa kwemvelo u-Irina Geht. “Namuhla, kudalwa izikhungo ezikhulisa imbewu kanye nezindawo zokufuya. Nabo, empeleni, sebeqalile ukwakhiwa, ngokwesibonelo, eSt. Petersburg kanye nasesifundeni saseChelyabinsk, "kusho undunankulu etshela iphephandaba iPhalamende.
Kukhona nokuqonda okuvela emabhizinisini endawo, uyanezela. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezinkulu zezolimo ziya ngokuya zidala izikhungo zazo zokuzalela nezembewu. “Lokho kusho ukuthi, lokhu kungukunyakaza okuphathelene kokubini okuvela ebhizinisini nakuhulumeni.
Ngicabanga ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kwyisikhombisa ezayo sizoxazulula le nkinga, ”kugcizelela iphalamende.
Kwelinye izwe kuzosisiza
Akunandaba noma kungazwakala kuyinqaba kanjani, ukukhula komkhiqizo wembewu waseRussia ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwezwe langaphandle. Ilungu loMkhandlu Womphakathi ngaphansi koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia, uVladislav Korochkin, usho kanjena ekhuluma nabezindaba.
Konke mayelana nekhwalithi yembewu, okunikezwa isimo sezulu esihle kuphela. Ngokusho kwakhe, imbewu etshalwe eRussia ingahle ibe "nemiphumela engafani" nhlobo ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi: endaweni ethile alinelanga elanele, endaweni ethile kuyabanda kakhulu noma akukho manzi anele okunisela, endaweni ethile lina ngesikhathi sokuvuna futhi njalonjalo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkinga zijwayelekile kubakhiqizi bangaphandle, ikakhulukazi abavela eNyakatho Yurophu. Ngakho-ke abalimi bembewu bafuna izindawo ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Izindima ezithembisayo kakhulu zikuSouthern Hemisphere. Ingqalasizinda ehambisana nalesi sikhathi, amapulazi, izinhlangano ezithinta izinto nakho konke okunye okwenzekayo lapho, okuthinta nokukhiqizwa kwembewu okusebenzayo futhi okushibhile, kusho uVladislav Korochkin. "AmaDashi, ngokwesibonelo, akakhiqizi mbewu ekhaya - azikhulisa e-USA, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand nakwamanye amazwe," kusho umthombo wePhalamende uGazeta.
Izinkampani zemifino zaseRussia, uthe, zenza okufanayo ngezizathu ezifanayo: zikhula ngamaphesenti angama-80 ezinhlobo zazo kanye nzalo zaphesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi balungisa isici sonyaka. “Uma kusebusika, kusehlobo ehlobo leNingizimu Ntshonalanga, imbewu iyavuthwa. Ngesikhathi sesiqala ukuhlwayela, sekuvunwa, okungukuthi, beza kithina abasha, ”kuchaza ilungu lomkhandlu woMphakathi Wezolimo.
Ungaphuma kanjani “inaliti” yokungenisa imbewu
Izwe laseRussia lidinga impumelelo entsha yokukhetha ukuze linganciki ezimweni ezingeniswa ezweni, u-Alexander Polyakov, oyilungu leKomidi LaseDuma Likazwelonke mayelana nezinkinga zezolimo, uyaqiniseka. Esebenzisa isibonelo sendawo yakhe yomdabu yaseTambov, ukhombise “Iphephandaba lePhalamende” ukuthi izifunda zifuna izindlela zokuzimela kanjani.
Isifunda saseTambov yisifunda sezolimo, kepha isifunda futhi sibhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu emkhakheni wokukhiqiza imbewu.
Isibonelo, ukuntuleka kwembewu esezingeni eliphezulu kugodla isivuno samazambane. Ukwandisa inani lokukhiqizwa kwayo futhi kuxoshwe ngaphandle, kwaqaliswa iphrojekthi yokutshala imali yokwakha isikhungo sokufuya nokutshala imbewu. Izosebenzisa izindlela ezintsha ze-biotechnology ezizokuvumela ukuthi ukhule imbewu engenagciwane. Ngokuvamile, amapulazi embewu ayi-13 abhalisiwe esifundeni saseTambov, futhi wonke ahlose ukukhiqiza imbewu yokuzala ephezulu yezinhlobo ezethembisayo. Umsebenzi omkhulu wenziwa igatsha lesikhungo sezolimo iRussia esifundeni saseTambov, ikakhulukazi ngokubhekisisa izinga lembewu, ukuqashwa kwezilimo zezitshalo nokusatshalaliswa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kanye nezeluleko zokulwa nazo.
Ukusebenzisana ne-Western Agrotitan: usongo noma isibusiso?
Ngenkathi imboni yezimbewu ilungiselela 'ukukhuphuka emlotheni wama-90s, "izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zingathatha izintambo emakethe. Ngokusho kukaSenator Irina Hecht, ukukhathazeka ngokuyinhloko ukuhlanganiswa kwenkampani yaseJalimane iBayer kanye nomkhiqizi waseMelika we-herbicides kanye nembewu ye-GMO Monsanto.
Namuhla, kudalwa izikhungo ezikhulisa imbewu kanye nezikhungo zokufuya. Futhi bona, ngokomqondo, sebeqalile ukudalwa, ngokwesibonelo, eSt. Petersburg kanye nesifunda saseChelyabinsk. I-FAS igunyaze isivumelwano eRussia, yaphoqa inkampani ukuthi ihlanganyele "izimfihlo zempumelelo" nabalimi baseRussia ukuze bakwazi ukuthuthuka baphinde bancintisane. Lokhu ukubambisana kweminyaka emihlanu emkhakheni we-biotechnology wedijithali.
Phakathi kokunye, i-Bayer - Monsanto izodlulisa ubuchwepheshe bembewu: ama-molecule ama-ejensi lapho kukhethwa khona ummbila, ukudlwengula, isoya, ukolweni kanye ne-germplasm eyodwa (amaqoqo ezinto zemvelo) katamatisi, ukhukhamba, iklabishi nezitshalo ezikleliswe ngenhla.
I-FAS ibhekisisa lokhu kusebenzisana nabezolimo kahle, ngethemba lokuthi lokhu kuzosiza ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezolimo wasekhaya. Kepha amaseneta awaboni lutho oluhle kulo mcimbi. "Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, iBayer - Monsanto izoba ngabakhongi bemakethe emakethe yembewu yomhlaba. Lapha sibona usongo ekuvikelweni kwezwe nokudla, ”kuphawula u-Irina Geht.
Ochwepheshe ngezindaba zezolimo kwabezindaba baphinde baveze ukungabaza: ngokubona kwabo, ubuchwepheshe obunikezwe yi-monopolist ngeke busize abakhiqizi baseRussia nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba ngeke bakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa yesisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo esidala kanye nokuntula okuhlangenwe nakho.
Source: www.khusasia.ru