Ukuzalela amazambane kunikeza maphi amathuba nokuthi kungenziwa kanjani esikhundleni sezinhlobo ezibizayo ezingenisiwe kanye nzalo? Lesi kube yisihloko esikhulu somhlangano wesayensi nokukhiqiza obanjelwe eSouth Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato (YUNIISK). Ososayensi bethule izinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane nobuchwepheshe bokuvikela izitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
Kusha ukusakazwa
Inhloko yeSikhungo Nikolay Glaz wethule izinhlobo zamazambane akhiqizwe abafuyi be-UUNIISK okwamanje abahlolwa ngokuhlukahlukahluka kombuso.
"Enye yezindawo ezibalulekile okumele sizikhethele zona wukwakha izinhlobo ezilungele ukucubungulwa kwezimboni," kusho yena. - Isibonelo, uhlobo olusha lwe- "Zakhar" lukhombisa imiphumela emihle yokuqala yesilingo ezahlukahlukene. Kukhona ithemba langempela lokuthi kuzofakwa esifundeni. Futhi izinhlobonhlobo ze- “chestnut” zangeniswa ekuhlolweni kwesimo ngo-2018. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zako isivuno esikhulu, ngoba siyizinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo.
Ngokusho kososayensi, kulo nyaka kulungiswa i- “albatross” entsha yokuhlolwa e-State Inspectorate. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ukumelana nomdlavuza, i-nematode nezinye izifo zezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unesivinini sokuqopha samathani angama-50 ngehektha ngalinye, ukuqina okuphezulu - 18%, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokulondolozwa.
"Phakathi kokutholwa okuyisisekelo kokukhethwa kwesimanje ukudalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinamabala ansundu kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezibunjiwe," kusho uNikolai Glaz. - Abahwebi bethu babuye bazala izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane, sihlela ukuwudlulisela ekuhlolweni kungekudala.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinhlobo ezinjenge "body box", "isongo", "cavalier", kanye "itzil" zethulwe kwi-UNIISK. Imiphumela yokuqala kakhulu yokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ikhombisile ukumelana kwabo nezifo nokulondolozwa okuhle.
Izinga eliphakeme lembewu yokutshala amazambane liqinisekiswa ngokuthuthuka kwe-meristemic kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi yi-microclonal propagation ocezwini lweqabunga, okuvumela ukuthi uqede amagciwane nezifo zezitshalo.
Faka esikhundleni "abasemzini"
Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, ukuvuselelwa kwe-varietal kuyinkinga enkulu yabatshali bezambane endaweni. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezingama-25 zamazambane zitshaliwe esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, ezinhlanu zazo kuphela ezibekelwe indawo yethu yesimo sezulu. Ngokuyisisekelo, yizinhlobonhlobo zeNevsky, eminyakeni yamuva icindezelwe kakhulu yiDutch Scarlett yaseRussia neJalimane, neRosar. Izinhlobo zasendlini ezifuywe e-YUNIISK zisale indawo encane yokutshala: isibonelo, "Taras" - 22 ha, "Spiridon" - amahektha ama-5 kuphela.
Ngokusho kwabalimi, kuyadingeka ukukhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane yokukhethwa kwasekhaya, ngoba inzalo yakwamanye amazwe isheshe iphele futhi nezimpahla zembewu kufanele ziphinde zithengwe zaphesheya. Kwenziwe isiqalo: Ososayensi bakhiqize lonke uhla lwezinhlobo ezintsha ezingekho ngaphansi kwezangaphandle.
Esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane kugxiliwe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha lase-Argayash, Sosnovsky naseKrasnoarmeysky. Njengoba kubikiwe Inhloko Yomnyango Wezokukhiqiza Nezitshalo kanye Namabhizinisi Amancane oMnyango Wezolimo Esifundeni iYuri ZasypkinNgokusho kwesimo sezulu, kulo nyaka kuzobe sekhulile amathani ezinkulungwane ezingama-120 amazambane. Lokhu, kucatshangelwa imikhiqizo engenisiwe evela ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane, kwanele ukuqinisekisa indawo yomphakathi kanye nenani labantu bakulesi sifunda. Ngonyaka odlule, izinhlangano namapulazi akhula ngamazambane kuphela akhula futhi avuna amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-146 zamazambane.
- Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, lokhu kungukuqoshwa kwesifunda, - kusho lowo oyibamba IPhini LikaNgqongqoshe Wezolimo esifundeni u-Alexander Zavalishchin. - Kulesi samba, kuthengiswa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40 amazambane ngaphandle kwesifunda. Ngokwanda kokukhiqiza, abalimi bethu babhekene nenkinga yokuthengisa ama-tubers. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathengi, amaketanga wokuthengisa aweneme ngokuthile. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlaziywe isimo emakethe futhi senze isicelo kososayensi ukuthi bakhe izinhlobo ezintsha ezidingekayo emakethe.
Source: https://up74.ru/