Ukuthengisa isilimo ngenani elihle akunzima kangako kunokusitshala. Mhlawumbe nangaphezulu, ngoba awekho amasu asele enziwe emhlabeni wonke kule ndaba. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu ukuphela kwesizini ka-2017/18, izinyanga zokugcina bezingekho nhlobo njengoba bekulindelekile.
KUSUKA EMLANDWENI WEZENZAKALO
I-autumn 2017 ilethe amathemba amakhulu kubalimi bamazambane. Inkathi yayiyinselele futhi isivuno sasingaphansi kuneseminyaka erekhodiwe edlule. Lesi simo sibe nomthelela ekunyukeni kwamanani emikhiqizo obekukade kulindelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlaziyi, izintatheli kanye nezikhulu "zasifudumeza" isimo (khumbula umbiko we-Akhawunti Chamber, ngokusho ukuthi ukuzimela kweRussian Federation ngamazambane ngo-2017 kwaba ngu-90,7%, ngenani lomkhawulo elisungulwe yi- Imfundiso Yokuphepha Kokudla yeRussian Federation okungenani i-95%). Kuzo zonke iziteshi kuzwakale: "Amazambane ekhwalithi ayashoda, kuze kube sekupheleni kwesizini ngeke kwanele, amanani azokhula kakhulu ...". Amanani akhuphuka, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kwakukhona ngisho nesikhathi lapho kwakungenakwenzeka ukuvumelana ngokuhlinzekwa kweqoqo elikhulu, abakhiqizi babelinde ukunikezwa okunenzuzo eyengeziwe.
Kwabe sekufika igagasi lamazambane amasha avela eGibhithe eRussia. Yathululela: ngoFebhuwari, kwathengwa amathani angu-30 emikhiqizo (ngo-545, ngesikhathi esifanayo - amathani angu-2017, izikhathi ezingu-765 ngaphansi!), Ngo-March umthamo wokuthenga udlule amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-40, ngo-April.
amanye amathani ayi-117 abekwa unyawo. Leli nani lomkhiqizo ongenisiwe entwasahlobo - empeleni, ekuphakameni kokuthengiswa kwamazambane asekhaya - lalingakatholakali eRussia.
Amazambane aseGibhithe athatha wonke amashalofu ezitolo, futhi amaketanga amakhulu okudayisa alinganiselwe (empeleni, akhanseliwe) ukuthengwa kwamazambane asekhaya ekilasi "lezomnotho" (elingageziwe), bephikisana nesinqumo sabo ngesifiso sokuhlinzeka amakhasimende kangcono (funda: amazwe angaphandle). ) izimpahla.
Ngasikhathi sinye, njengoba umqondisi omkhulu wePotato Union yeRussian Federation u-Alexei Krasilnikov ephawula, amaketanga awakwazanga ukumelana nenani lempahla futhi, egcwalisa izibopho zawo zenkontileka kubahlinzeki baseGibhithe, baphoqeleka ukuthi banikeze ingxenye yamazambane ukuze athengiswe. kubalimi bamazambane baseRussia. Amapulazi apakisha umkhiqizo emishinini yawo futhi awuthumele ukuthi ucutshungulwe futhi udayiswe ngamashaneli awo.
Lesi simo asizange sehliswe ngisho nokungenelela kweRosselkhoznadzor, eyamisa ukunikezwa kwamazambane ezifundeni eziyisishiyagalombili zaseGibhithe kusukela maphakathi no-March ngenxa yokuhlonzwa kwe-pathogen yokubola kwebhaktheriya elinsundu emaqenjini omkhiqizo - i-bacterium Pseudomonas (Ralstonia). ) solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. Ukuvinjelwa kwasuswa ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuphela.
Ngo-Ephreli, imakethe yayisiwile, amanani entengo ye-wholesale ehle ngo-4050%, izikhathi zokuthengisa zelulela inyanga eyodwa nesigamu kuya kwezinyanga ezimbili. Amapulazi amaningi aseRussia awakwazanga ukuthengisa ingxenye enkulu yesivuno sawo. Uma sifunda idatha ngezinsalela zamazambane ezifundeni ekupheleni kukaMeyi noJuni, izinombolo ziyamangalisa. NgoJuni, cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-130,5 amazambane ayengakafunwa.
Izindawo "zokukhula amazambane athuthukisiwe" zahlupheka kakhulu kunezinye: labo abakhule umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephakeme banikezwa izitolo zemifino yesimanje ngezinga elikhulu. Amapulazi ayebomvu, abaningi babengenamali eyanele yokuthenga izinto ezidingekayo zesizini entsha, amanye amazambane angathengiswa asetshenziswa njengembewu.
Amanethiwekhi okuhweba awazange ayithole inzuzo efunwayo nawo. Ngenxa yokuthi bekunenqwaba yamazambane aseRussia emakethe, amanani amazambane angenisiwe kwadingeka ehliswe ngoFebhuwari ukusuka kumasenti angama-60 / kg okuqala ukuya kumasenti angama-33-36. Izintengo zahlala kuleli zinga kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempahla.
Ngokwengxenye kuphela ikhasimende lokugcina liphumelele, nakuba empeleni abantu balahlekelwa ilungelo lokukhetha umkhiqizo: kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthenga amazambane ashibhile enziwe eRussia ezitolo.
Lesi simo saduma kakhulu kwabezindaba.
UBANI onecala?
Ngeshwa, izisebenzi zokuhlela azikwazanga ukuthola ukuphawula ngalesi sihloko kubameleli bamaketanga okuthengisa, ngakho-ke singaqagela ukuthi kanjani futhi kungani isinqumo senziwe sokuthenga amazambane angenisiwe ngobuningi.
Kusobala nje ukuthi izivumelwano zokuhlinzeka zaqedwa kungakapheli uDisemba 2017: ukuthunyelwa kokuqala kwamazambane aseGibhithe kwafika emashalofini ngoJanuwari (futhi ngokuvamile amazambane okuqala alethwa kusukela maphakathi noFebhuwari).
Ngakho-ke, isicelo kubahlinzeki bangaphandle asizange senziwe ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlonziwe ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wasekhaya.
Kungenzeka ukuthi inani eliphansi ngokungavamile lamazambane aseGibhithe lasebenza njengembangela yale nqubo (kwaba namahemuhemu emakethe ukuthi ekuqaleni kwakufanele kuthunyelwe inani elikhulu eJalimane, kodwa ukuthengwa akuzange kwenzeke, futhi izimpahla zanikezwa. kubathengi baseRussia ngesaphulelo esibalulekile).
Konke lokhu kungase kubangelwe ukuqondana. Kodwa isimo esibucayi abakhiqizi bezolimo abazithola bekusona ekupheleni kwesizini edlule sinezizathu ezijulile.
Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi iketango elinengqondo elithi "amazambane aseRussia entwasahlobo = umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphansi" selingasasebenzi namuhla. Yiqiniso, izibonelo zemizamo yokuthengisa izimpahla ezibolile emakethe bezilokhu, zikhona, futhi cishe zizohlale zikhona. Kodwa ngokuvamile, amapulazi aseRussia (iningi lalabo abasebenza ngamanethiwekhi) ayazi ukugcina amazambane.
Ake sinikeze isibonelo esicacile: ngo-Agasti 16, esithangamini sezolimo "Amazambane Nemifino", esasihlelwe yi-Agricultural Holding "Dmitrovskie Vegetables" ngokusekelwa yi-Potato Union yaseRussian Federation, i-Contact Exchange yabanjwa. ihanjelwe ngabamele amaketanga amaningi amakhulu okudayisa. Phakathi nalesi senzakalo, abahlanganyeli bomhlangano bacelwa ukuthi banqume "ngokubheka nje" ukuthi yiziphi iziqukathi ezintathu kukhona amazambane angenisiwe wesivuno sika-2018, futhi lapho - asekhaya, akhule ngo-2017 no-2018, ngokulandelana. Ochwepheshe bahlonze umkhiqizo ongenisiwe ngokuma okuqondile kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kodwa mayelana nekhaya, kwavela ingxoxo: ukwethulwa kwamazambane kuzo zombili iziqukathi kwakungenakulinganiswa, "endala" yayingekho ngaphansi kwekhwalithi kwabancane, futhi lokhu kwakuphakathi no-August!
Masikhumbule futhi ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwezindawo zokugcina impahla ezweni ekuqaleni konyaka wezi-2016 kwafinyelela ku-74%. Ngendlela, ngokusho kochwepheshe, isimo emakethe yamazambane entwasahlobo ka-2018 ngokuyinhloko siwumphumela oqondile wokuqaliswa ngempumelelo kohlelo lombuso ukusekela ukwakhiwa nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezindawo zokugcina imifino namazambane. Izinkampani zaseRussia zabamba iqhaza elibonakalayo kulo, zifisa ukukwazi ukuthengisa amazambane ngesikhathi esiphansi kakhulu.
Namuhla, inani elanele lamabhizinisi ezweni linganikeza amazambane ekhwalithi enhle kakhulu kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, kodwa kwavela ukuthi akekho owayedinga. Asikho futhi isidingo sokukhuluma ngokubuyiselwa okusheshayo kwamaphrojekthi okugcina abiza kakhulu, ukubuyiswa ngokushesha kwezimali zesikweletu, kucatshangelwa imiphumela yesizini.
Njengoba uSergei Filippov, uMongameli weDmitrovskie Vegetables ephethe ezolimo, ephawula, abakhiqizi bamazambane baseRussia (ngokusekelwa nguhulumeni) sebemi ngomumo eminyakeni ezayo ukufinyelela ezingeni izwe elingakwenza ngaphandle kokuthenga amazambane okuqala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwezolimo, ithonya lezici zesimo sezulu alikwazi ukukhishwa ngokuphelele. Ngokusho kukaFilippov, amabhizinisi ezolimo, kuze kube sekugcineni ukuvuna, abanalo ulwazi mayelana nokuthi bazothola kangakanani imikhiqizo nokuthi iyiphi ikhwalithi. Ukucabangela lokhu, kunzima ukuqinisekisa okuthile kumaketanga okuthengisa.
futhi YINI OKUMELE UYENZE?
Ngokombono wongoti, izinhlangothi kumele zifunde ukuxoxisana. Ngokusho kwesekela lomqondisi weNational Fruit and Vegetable Union uSvetlana Belova, kungukungaqondi kahle okuye kwavela phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezolimo namaketanga okuthengisa, kanye nokuntuleka kolwazi oluthembekile emakethe, okuye kwaholela emiphumeleni enzima kangaka.
Amabhizinisi ezolimo kumele avuleke kakhulu, futhi izinyathelo ezithile sezithathwa ngale ndlela. Njengamanje, uMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation, kanye nezinyunyana zemboni, uthuthukisa ifomethi yesiza esivulekile, lapho lonke ulwazi ngobuningi kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yezolimo etholakalayo emapulazini athile, inani lentengo oyifunayo, kanye imvamisa okungenzeka yokuthunyelwa izohlanganiswa. Le datha izoklanywa ukusiza amaketanga akhe izinqubomgomo zokuthenga ezicabangela izintshisekelo zabo bonke abathintekayo. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kuzovelani kulokhu ngokwenza. Lo mshini awukacatshangelwa ngokugcwele futhi uphakamisa imibuzo eminingi.
U-Aleksey Krasilnikov ugcizelela ukuthi ulwazi oluhlongozwayo ukuba lwenziwe esidlangalaleni luyimfihlo yezohwebo, futhi akuwona wonke amapulazi alungele ukudalulwa okunjalo. Kepha uMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation usebenzela izindlela zokulungisa ama-algorithms ukuze kuzuze abakhiqizi bezolimo ekukhipheni lolu lwazi.
Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi bezolimo ngokwabo bazwakalisa ukungabaza ukuthi amaketanga okuthengisa kulesi sigaba akulungele ngempela ukubabona njengabalingani abalinganayo, balalele imibono yabo futhi benze noma yiziphi izivumelwano. Ngokungaqondile, ukungabaza kwabo kuqinisekiswa ngamaketanga ngokwawo: ngokwesibonelo, ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, inkampani yaseRussia enefomethi ye-X5 Retail Group, ehlanganisa amaketanga afana nePyaterochka, Perekrestok kanye neKarusel, yazisa abezindaba mayelana nezinhlelo zayo zokwandisa. umthamo wezinto ezithengwayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe zisuka ku-3% ziye ku-10%. Ngokusho kuka-Igor Shekhterman, oyi-CEO ye-X5, "ukungenisa okuqondile kuzothuthukisa izimo zokuthenga, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yezimpahla futhi kunciphise izingozi zokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzeka."
Kuseshwa ezinye izindlela zokusungula ukuxhumana; ngoSepthemba, imihlangano embalwa yokusebenza yabamele uMnyango Wezolimo, i-Federal Antimonopoly Service, izinyunyana zezimboni kanye namanethiwekhi okuhweba izobanjwa, lapho lesi sihloko sizophakanyiswa.
Okwamanje, kungaphawulwa ukuthi ukuxoxisana kwalesi simo kanye nemiphumela yaso akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuholele emikhawulweni enzima ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Abalimi ngokwabo abanandaba nalokhu. Njengoba uSergey Filippov echaza, "noma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa akuseyona imakethe."
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, abamele imboni banethemba lokuthi amaketanga okuthengisa ngeke aphinde isipiliyoni sesizini edlule, futhi athembele ekuqaphelweni okuqhubekayo kwesimo nguhulumeni. Ngokusho kuka-Aleksey Krasilnikov, umkhuba we-chain chain osebenza njengomthengisi wemikhiqizo uholela ekunciphiseni ubudlelwano bemakethe futhi kufanele ilawulwe yisevisi ye-antimonopoly.
Ngokuqondene nezincomo kubakhiqizi abathile, azikwazi ukubizwa ngokungalindelekile. Isikhundla sePotato Union kule nkinga sihlala singashintshile iminyaka eminingi: amabhizinisi ezolimo adinga ukunaka kakhulu izinga lomkhiqizo okhulile futhi acabangele ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlomisa amapulazi ngemigqa yokulungiswa nokucubungula amazambane, kusukela esikhathini esizayo. yemboni ngokuqinisekile ingeyalezi zindawo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhethwa kwesu lebhizinisi ngonyaka ngamunye othize, njengangaphambili, kuhlala nenkampani ngokwayo.