Ngokusho kochwepheshe abavela ku-Industry Alliance for the Promotion of the Distribution of Biological Products (BPIA), ama-biopesticides wakamuva nama-biostimulants izidakamizwa ezinobungozi obuncishisiwe bokusebenzisa. Kungakho le ngxenye yemakethe yemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ikhula ngejubane elisheshayo.
I-BPIA namuhla iyinhlangano ekhula ngokushesha enamalungu angaphezu kwe-130 avela ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene. Ubulungu kusoseshini buhlanganisa bobabili osomabhizinisi abancane abasha nezinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba. Ngo-2017, iBPIA yanquma ukufaka ama-biostimulants endaweni yayo enentshisekelo. I-BPIA inokuhlangenwe nakho okubanzi ngama-biopesticides, ngakho-ke isinqumo sokunaka isigaba se-biostimulant sasinengqondo
Ukukhula kabili
Inkampani yezokucwaninga uDunham Trimmer (okuyingxenye yenhlangano ye-BRIA) ilinganisela inani lemakethe ye-biostimulator yomhlaba ngentengo engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 2,2. Ngokwesimo sakhe, inani lale makethi lizodlula amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5 ngonyaka ka-2025. Kuhlanganiswe nemakethe yomhlaba wonke yemikhiqizo ye-biocontrol, inani eliphelele elihlanganisiwe lemakethe lezilimo ezi-organic lizodlula ama- $ 8 billion ngo-2020 nama- dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-16 ngonyaka ka-2025. Inani eliphelele lonyaka lokukhuphuka kwengxenye yemikhiqizo ye-biostimulation ilinganiselwa ku-13%. Lokhu kungaphezulu kokuphindwe kathathu inani lokukhula kwemakethe yokuvikela izitshalo ngonyaka we-2017. Ukuvuselelwa okunamandla okunjalo kungenxa yesidingo somhlaba wonke sokukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kusetshenziswa amasu azinzileyo ngengozi encane emvelweni. Ama-biostimulants abonakala ebambe iqhaza elikhulu kulezi zinguquko ezenzweni zezolimo, okwandisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ekucindezelekeni kwe-abiotic ezimweni ezikhulayo.
Namuhla, iYurophu yisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuthengiswa kwama-biostimulants ngenzuzo yaminyaka yonke yamadola aseMelika angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane. Lokhu kumelela okungaphezulu kokuthathu kwenani lemakethe yomhlaba. Lokhu kulandelwa yizifunda zaseNyakatho Melika kanye ne-Asia-Pacific zone, ngasinye sazo sithathe ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-1 emakethe. Kubikezelwa ukuthi lesi silinganiso esiseduze ngeke sishintshe phakathi kuka-20. Kepha kusobala ukuthi i-Latin America izokhula ngokushesha kakhulu kulokhu mayelana nezinye izifunda, futhi, ngokusho kwesimo sezulu, izovala ngokushesha igebe elikhona lokuthengisa nezimbangi zalo. Ngo-2025, ukuthengiswa kwe-biostimulator kungenzeka kudlule ku- $ 2025 bhiliyoni kuzo zonke izifunda ezine.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-biostimulants kubhekwa njengokulingene ngaphezulu kwezitshalo zomugqa nemifino, kanye nezithelo. Izilimo ze-Row sezivele zikhombise ukukhula okushesha kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwazo, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokwelapha imbewu. Ngokusho kwesimo sezulu, ngo-2025, ukuthengiswa kwama-biostimulants kuzo zombili izilimo ezilandelwayo nezilimo zasensimini kuzodlula ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili emkhakheni ngamunye.
Imithombo yemvelo yokuvikela
Umkhiqizo wanamuhla wezolimo usebenzisa imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ezifweni, ezinambuzaneni nasemathonyeni ahlukahlukene ezemvelo. Iningi lazo zingumsuka wokufakelwa futhi azichithwa yi-enzymatic system yezitshalo noma amanye amathonya asemzimbeni nawamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuholela ekuqongeleleni kwabo esivunweni, ngakhoke emzimbeni wabantu nezilwane. Ukuqonda le ndlela ukwenze waqinisa ukusesha izidakamizwa ezikuvumela ukuthi uthole ukudla okuhlanzekile nokuphephile ngokuphelele.
Ucwaningo lwe-biochemical lukhombisa ukuthi izitshalo zizenzela ngokwazo izinto zazo zokuzivikela ngokuzimela uma zibhekene nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo. Kepha ijubane lokukhiqizwa kwabo nenombolo kungenzeka kunganele. Ngakho-ke, ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto ezinjalo kusuka ezintweni ezingokwemvelo zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo nasekusebenzeni kwazo kwezitshalo kungasebenza ukukhulisa ukuqina nokukhulisa isivuno sezilimo. Kusukela kwasungulwa ama-biostimulants okuqala, ngokusho kwama-biochemists, sekuqale inkathi entsha kwezolimo.
Ama-biostimulants - umkhiqizo omusha-ke, awukabhalwa “ngokwanele” ohlelweni olukhona lwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo. Into yokuqala ephawulwa ngabachwepheshe ukuthi kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ama-biostimulants kusuka kumanyolo wamaminerali-micronutrient afana “NPK + microelements”. Umanyolo onezici zokulandela umkhondo usebenza ezitshalweni ngokungaqondile, uzihlinzeka ngokudla okuyisisekelo nokulandelela izinto ezidingekayo ekuhlanganiseni kwama-amino acid. Futhi izakhi ze-biostimulants zinomphumela oqondile ezitshalweni. Okusho ukuthi, lesi sitshalo sithola ama-amino acid asebenza ngomumo, kufaka phakathi ama-amino acid, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla angeziwe ekwakhekeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-amino acid nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo zemvelo yesitshalo zidonswa ngokuphelele yizitshalo, zithinta amandla abo imetabolism, futhi sakhe indawo yokubekelwa ukwakha amaprotheni nezinhlelo ze-enzyme.
Ama-biostimulants we-organic yemvelaphi yezitshalo aphephile izitshalo, i.e., uma kwenzeka ngokweqile, imiphumela yamazinga okushisa aphezulu awadali ukushiswa futhi awunamphumela omubi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-biostimulants kuhlanganiswe nomanyolo wamaminerali angaxutshwa amanzi kanye nama-microfertilizer sekuba ngenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula umbuso wokudla wezitshalo zezolimo.
Dweba umngcele
Njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo omusha, ama-biostimulators kumele “afakwe” ohlelweni lwezomthetho nokuziphatha okulawulayo. Izinkampani ezingamalungu e-BPIA, kanye nezinye izinkampani embonini ye-biostimulator, ziye zaya ku-United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ukuthola izeluleko zokuthi zingahlukaniswa kanjani phakathi kwe-biostimulants kanye nabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo. NgoNovemba 2018, i-EPA yalungiselela futhi yathumela ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni wase-US incwadi eyilwayo enesihloko esithi "Izinkombandlela Zokwenza Imithi Yesitshalo:: Izeluleko Zokufaka Izimpawu Zokulawula Ngokuya Nge-FIFRA."
Le nhlangano iphinde ibambisane ne-US Congress emizamweni yokuqinisekisa ama-biostimulants njengesigaba esiyingqayizivele semithombo yezolimo. Kuze kube manje, imikhiqizo enjalo ichazwa ngokuthi "izinto noma izinto eziphilayo ezincane, lapho zisetshenziselwa imbewu nezitshalo, zivusa izinqubo zemvelo zokutholwa kwezakhi zomzimba." Ngendlela efanayo, le mishanguzo "inikela ekumelaneni nengcindezi ye-abiotic futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi kanye nokuvunwa kwezilimo." I-BPIA ibuye yaheha isasasa elikhulu kusuka kubathengi abangahle be-biostimulants ngokuxhumana ne-USDA ukugunyaza ucwaningo ukuthola izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula imakethe ye-biostimulants. Imiphumela yalezi zinhlelo isivele ibhekelwe lapho kwenziwa izichibiyelo emithethweni yepulazi.
Uhla lwama-organic biostimulants lukhula njalo. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kokugcotshwa kwamanzi okuncibilikisiwe okwenzelwe ukuphatha imbewu, izimpande nokugqokwa kwamaqabunga kwezitshalo, okuqukethe izinto eziphilayo: ama-amino acid, ama-humic kanye nama-asidi aphelele, amavithamini, ama-phytohormones, ama-peptides, amaprotheni, ama-enzyme, ama-polysaccharides nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo, kufaka phakathi ama-microelement.
Ochwepheshe baseRussia be-Bioindustry and Bioresource Technology Platform (BioTech-2030) nabo bakholelwa ukuthi enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha we-biostimulant womhlaba yindawo engaqondakali yokulawula kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba. Kepha akubukeki kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kuzoxazululwa maduze.
Ama-biostimulants kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane
Umkhuba wokusebenzisa ama-biostimulants ukhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene engxenyeni yethangi ne-pesticides akuqondile. I-biostimulant ingathuthukisa umphumela we-pesticide ngokugcina isithako esisebenzayo ebusweni beqabunga ngokwakhiwa kwama-polysaccharide microcolloids noma i-ionic charge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo eminingi ye-humic acid ingathuthukisa ukufakwa kwezithako ezisebenzayo nezakhi zokulandela umkhondo.
Kepha ama-biostimulants awathuthukisi njalo umthelela wezibulala-zinambuzane, kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka angabi nawo nomphumela obalulekile noma aze anciphise ukusebenza kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ihlotshaniswa nemvula yesithako esisebenzayo se-pesticidal kusuka kusisombululo noma isenzo esiphikisayo. Okunye ukuxhumana okungahle kube nomphumela omubi umphumela we-antioxidant ebusweni beqabunga ngesikhathi sokungena kwamagciwane, lapho isitshalo sikhiqiza izinhlobo zomoya-mpilo ezisebenzayo ukulwa nokuhlaselwa. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bahlukanisa le miphumela emibi njengokuthi ibe khona futhi bancoma, ngokuzethemba okuphelele, ukwenza izidakamizwa ngokwehlukana ukuqeda ngokuphelele noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.
Umphumela wangempela wokusetshenziswa kwama-biostimulants weqa kakhulu imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Ngakho-ke, izivivinyo ezenziwa ngo-2014-2015 emabhizinisini ezolimo aseRussia zikhombisile ukuthi isivuno kuziza zokuhlola zikakolweni wasentwasahlobo eziphathwe ngezikhuthazi zokukhula zidlule indawo yokulawula ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngama-25%. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-biostimulants kulinywa kukotini kunikeze ukwanda okuphindwe cishe kabili endaweni yamaqabunga esewonke (ngo-2%). Ezitshalweni eziphathwayo, azikho izimpawu zanoma yiziphi izifo zokukhunta noma zebhaktheriya, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane zezinambuzane ezitholakalayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwelebhu kanye nezimboni kwesikhuthazi sokukhula kukhombise ukwanda kwesivuno okusanhlamvu, imidumba nemifino kusuka ku-94,3 kuye ku-13%.
Imiphumela emihle ebonakalayo yokusebenzisa isivuno sokukhula kwezitshalo ziyimpikiswano eyinhloko eyamukelwa ngabalimi nabalimi emhlabeni jikelele.
UVladimir Franckevich
Funda ngokugcwele: https://www.agroxxi.ru