Inkampani "August" yahlaziya imibono evame kakhulu mayelana ne-biopesticides - imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ekhulayo yemvelo futhi ehlanganiswe nezinto eziphilayo.
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yama-biopesticides ibhekwa njengekhula ngokushesha: isabelo semikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo kumthamo ophelele wemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo kusengamaphesenti ambalwa kuphela, kodwa, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuthengiswa kwabo kukhuphuka ngo-15-20% ngonyaka. - ngokushesha okuphindwe kathathu kunemakethe yomhlaba wonke yama-CPPPs.
E-Russia, isimo sihlukile: izimakethe ze-biopesticides kanye ne-CPPPs zikhula ngesivinini esiqhathaniswayo. Ukukhula kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngokuvamile kusondela emazingeni omhlaba, futhi ukuthengiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zendabuko kukhuphuke cishe ngo-10% ngonyaka kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2019, izindleko zemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo eRussia ngehektha ngalinye lendawo etshaliwe ziye zaphindeka kane - ukusuka kuma-ruble angama-550 kuye kwangama-2200. Lokhu kwenzeke kokubili ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwamazinga okushintshanisa, lapho izindleko zezingxenye eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ziboshelwe, futhi ngenxa yokuthi izidingo ezisekelwe kwezobuchwepheshe zokuvikelwa kwezitshalo azikambozwa ngokugcwele ngamapulazi asekhaya. Futhi amandla okukhula ezweni asemakhulu: eRussia, izindleko zehektha ngalinye ngamadola ziphansi kabili kune-United States, futhi izikhathi ezi-3,5 ngaphansi kweJalimane. Futhi eJapane, izwe elinesabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sabantu abaneminyaka eyikhulu phakathi kwabantu, basebenzisa cishe izikhathi ezingu-15 ngaphezulu kwehektha ngalinye endaweni yokulima kunaseRussia (kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi eJapane kuvunwa isivuno esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka ehektheleni ngalinye. namanani emithi yokubulala izinambuzane aphakeme kakhulu).
Ngokuqondene nama-biopesticides, ingxenye enkulu yawo ingeyeqembu lama-insecticides aklanyelwe ukulawula izinambuzane, nama-fungicides asetshenziselwa ukulawula izifo ezikhunta ezitshalweni. Futhi, imikhiqizo yebhayoloji ibekwe kabanzi njengezivuseleli zokukhula kanye nezingxenye ezilwa nokucindezeleka - ngeshwa, ayihlali inamandla asobala futhi afakazelwe. Ama-Biopesticides awakwazi ukuncintisana neqembu elifunwa kakhulu lama-CPPP - ama-herbicides. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi nakuba izisusa eziyinhloko ezingathonya umlimi ukuba asebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane kuwukuhlinzekwa kwamahhala komuthi kanye nezincomo ezivela kozakwabo, kuyilapho isici esiyinhloko esikhuthazayo sokusebenzisa i-CPPD siwukuqiniseka ngomphumela, okusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-biopesticides kuvame ukudinga izimo ezikhethekile ezingancikile njalo kumlimi.
Amazwe ahlukene acabanga ngendlela ehlukile ukuthi yimiphi imithi enelungelo lokubizwa ngama-biopesticides. Ngakho-ke, eRussia, incazelo inikezwa ku-GOST R 56694-2015: lezi "imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo zezinto eziphilayo ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nezinambuzane zezitshalo ezitshalwayo, okuyizinto eziphilayo noma izinhlanganisela zemvelo ze-biologically asebenzayo kakhulu ahlanganiswe yizinto eziphilayo." E-European Union, ama-biopesticides achazwa ngokuthi "uhlobo lwesibulala-zinambuzane olususelwe kuma-microorganisms noma imikhiqizo yemvelo." I-US Environmental Protection Agency, ngaphezu kwamalungiselelo e-microbiological asekelwe kubhaktheriya, isikhunta namagciwane, iphinda ihlukanise amasiko ashintshwe izakhi lapho izakhi zofuzo ze-microorganism zengezwe kuma-biopesticides. Isibonelo, isakhi sofuzo se-endotoxin samagciwane ohlobo lwe-Bacillus thuringiensis, wona ngokwawo asetshenziswa njengesibulala-zinambuzane. Ngenxa yalokho, isitshalo ngokwaso sikhiqiza ubuthi obubhubhisa into eyingozi. Kodwa e-USA, izibulala-zinambuzane ze-biochemical ezididiyelwe izinto eziphilayo zifaka lezo zinto kuphela ezilawula izinambuzane ngezindlela ezingezona ezinobuthi (njengama-pheromone ocansi ezinambuzane avimbela ukukhwelana, okukhishwe okunephunga elimnandi okuheha izinambuzane ezigibeni, amafutha avimbela ukuphefumula, njll.) njll.).
Inkampani "August" ithi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo zemvelo yegciwane, amagciwane noma isikhunta njengama-agent okuvikela izitshalo, uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, kunqunyelwe izici ezintathu eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, zidinga izimo zokugcina ezikhethekile, njengoba zivame "ukuwohloka" emazingeni okushisa aphezulu noma amabi. Okwesibili, impilo yabo yeshalofu izikhathi eziningana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-oda lobukhulu, elingaphansi kwalokho le-CPSP. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-pheromone agcinwa efrijini, futhi isiko lamakhowe e-trichoderma, elinamandla okubulala isikhunta, liyoze lihanjiswe umlimi onekhono esiqandisini. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu eyesithathu: ukusebenza kahle kwemikhiqizo "ephilayo" kuncike kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo. Uma zingathandeki, futhi ukuncintisana ne-biota yemvelo yemvelo muhle, izibulala-zinambuzane "eziphilayo" zingase zingasebenzi.
“Ama-Biopesticides njengemikhiqizo ye-microbiological noma i-plant synthesis ihluke kancane emikhiqizweni yokuvikela izitshalo, ngaphandle kwendlela yokukhiqiza into esebenzayo. Abathengi bemikhiqizo ngezinye izikhathi abazi ngisho nokuthi akuyona imvelaphi yokwenziwa, - kusho uMikhail Danilov. - Isibonelo, i-insectoacaricide abamectin ephumelela kakhulu, ebulala imikhaza nezinambuzane eziyingozi, iwumkhiqizo ongcolile wesikhunta i-Streptomyces avermitilis. Futhi nakuba kubonakala sengathi i-"bio" iphephile, i-abamectin yezilwane ezincelisayo iwuhlelo lobukhulu obunobuthi obuncane kune-potassium cyanide.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-CPSP kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho monakalo emvelweni nakubantu. Izidakamizwa ngokwazo namuhla zihlolwa ukuphepha kwamazinga amaningi. Kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka owodwa kusukela ngesikhathi isithako esisebenzayo sihlolwa kuya ekuthengisweni komkhiqizo ngokusekelwe kuwo. Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwebhayoloji okuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuhlola umsebenzi wento ngokumelene nento eyingozi, lonke uhla lokuhlolwa kwe-toxicological luyenziwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidakamizwa eziphelelwe yisikhathi ziyaphuma emakethe. Okokuqala, lezi yizinto ezinokuphikelela okuphezulu, ezigcinwa ezintweni zemvelo isikhathi eside, kanye nalabo abathambekele ku-bioaccumulation - ukuqoqwa emzimbeni ekugxilweni okukhulu kunalokho okukhona endaweni yangaphandle. Okwesibili, lezi yizinto ezinezici zazo ze-toxicological ezikhathazayo.
“I-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane (DDT), enobuthi obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa kodwa evinjelwe namuhla kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, esetshenziselwa ukulwa nomiyane nezilokazane zezitshalo, ibonakale imelana kakhulu nokubola. Emhlabathini, uhhafu wempilo yawo ungaba ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-bioaccumulation. Ochungechungeni lokudla, i-silt - algae - crustaceans - inhlanzi - izinhlanzi ezidliwayo, ukuhlushwa kwayo kwanda izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi emashumini amathathu eminyaka i-DDT isisindise abantu abangafika kuhhafu webhiliyoni abangabulawanga umalaleveva, ”enikeza isibonelo uMikhail Danilov.
Amalungiselelo ayingozi okuvikela izitshalo zamakhemikhali aba lapho esetshenziswa ngokungalungile - okokuqala, lapho imithetho yokusetshenziswa yephulwa. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasezinkambisweni nemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ezitshalweni ezingahloselwe zona - ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yezimpawu ze-toxicological.
“Uma usebenzisa ama-organophosphate insecticide noma i-benzimidazole fungicides ukolweni, ngeke kube nezinsalela zokusanhlamvu, kodwa ukuwasebenzisa ukuvikela ulethisi kumathrips kanye ne-fusarium empeleni kuyicala. Ngeshwa, kuze kube manje akuyona yonke imikhiqizo e-Russian Federation ehlolelwa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zezinsalela eziphezulu ezivumelekile kuzo zombili izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali kanye nobuthi obuyingozi obuncane bemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo, "kufingqa uMikhail Danilov.
Izinto ezihlinzekwa yinkonzo yabezindaba yenkampani "Agasti"