Lesi sihloko asixolelwe kancane kwabezindaba, yize wonke umuntu ebhekana nale nkinga lapho esebenzisa ama-pesticides. Umqondisi Augusta Ngokumaketha nokuthengisa, uMikhail Evgenievich Danilov wayithatha ngokwakhe le ndaba wayibhala futhi wayibukeza kabanzi imininingwane ethinta ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Kulesi sihloko, siqala ukwethula kuye.
Ngeshwa, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele sibhekane nezikhalazo ngokusebenza kwezidakamizwa zethu. Futhi ake isisebenzi noma iyiphi enye inkampani ehlonishwa kakhulu yamazwe omhlaba ekhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane kanye / noma ama-agrochemicals, igama lakhe elikhulu elingamvikela kwizicelo, lingishaye itshe. Izimangalo, ezivame ukungahlobene ngokuphelele nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo othile osetshenzisiwe.
Vele, kungaba kuhle kakhulu ukuthi singangeni engxoxweni yalesi sihloko esishelelayo, kepha simane nje sakha izembatho zokuzivikela emabinzaneni amahle encazelweni yezidakamizwa, njengoba kuyisiko kwezinye izinkampani ukuthi zibe nobuchwepheshe ekugwemeni amacala asezizigidi eziningi amadola ngabathengi (kumele ngisho ngokweqiniso ukuthi kaningi abampofu kakhulu) . Into ekhombisa isibonelo somunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu kunabo bonke bokubulala izinambuzane. Isilinganiso esivela esizeni sakhe esisemthethweni:
“Lezi zincomo zisuselwa kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kwamanje futhi zihambisana nemithetho evunywe yiziphathimandla zokubhalisa. Abamkhululi umsebenzisi ekuhloleni kwabo nasekucabangeni kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezinquma ukusetshenziswa kwe <...> ukulungiselela kwethu <...> Isibopho se <...> sokunamathela ngokuqinile kuzidingo zobuchwepheshe kanye nemithethonqubo ethwalwa ngabakhiqizi bezolimo noma umthwalo wemiphumela engaba khona yokusetshenziswa kwalowo muthi.
Izici ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezimo zasendaweni nezesifunda zingathinta ukusebenza komuthi. Okokuqala, lezi yizimo zezulu kanye nezimo zenhlabathi-zezulu, ukucaciswa kokuhlukahluka, ukushintshwa kwezilimo, izikhathi zokulungisa, amanani okusebenzisa, ukuxubana kwamathangi namanye amalungiselelo kanye nomanyolo (awuchaziwe ezincomeni zethu), ukuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo (ama-pathogen, izitshalo (ukhula), izinambuzane kanye ezinye izidalwa ezihlosiwe), inqubo engafanele kanye / noma engalawulwa ukuthi isetshenziswe, nokuningi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle ikakhulukazi ezingathathwanga ngabasebenzisi, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukukhipha ushintsho ekusebenzeni komuthi noma kumonakalo owonakalisiwe ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe, ngoba imiphumela yithi thina nozakwethu bokuhweba ngeke sibhekane nayo. ”
Konke okubhaliwe, ngokuvamile, kuchazwa kahle. Kumele ngisho ukuthi iningi lezimangalo u-Augusta okufanele alicabange alihlobene nokuchezuka kwikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yethu. Le nkampani ayiziqhenyi ngeze ngefektri yayo yesimanje nehlomile ngesayensi yakamuva yamakhemikhali. Sivule isitshalo sesithathu ehlobo lika-2019 futhi siyajabula ukumema abalingani bethu lapho. Ukuvulwa kwesine (esivele ekukhiqizeni izinto ezisebenzayo) kwahlelwa ngoMashi 2020 esifundazweni saseHubei, esidume ngakho konke ngathi. Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, ukuvulwa ngokusemthethweni bekufanele kuhlehliswe.
UKUHLOLWA KWEMISEBENZI
Futhi izimangalo ezihlobene nomsebenzi wezindlela zamakhemikhali zokuvikela zixhunywe ngokuqondile neqiniso lokuthi isimo esikhonjiswe esicaphuni esingenhla siyakufanelekela "Ukuhlola nokubalwa kwezimali izinto ezinquma ukusetshenziswa komuthi wethu", kusuka kuphi "Ungamkhululi umsebenzisi", lo msebenzisi wayekhubazekile (kufana nesipelingi sikaWinnie the Pooh, "ngokujwayelekile, muhle, kepha eyisinyonga").
Ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka ukukhombisa kahle zonke izici zezinto zokukhangisa. Ezifundweni nasezinethulweni, futhi akwenzeki njalo ukugcizelela. Yize kunjalo, uchwepheshe, njengoba uKozma Prutkov wayevame ukusho, "ufana ne-flux: ukugcwala kwawo kuhlangothini munye". Iso lochwepheshe 'alifiphele'; ukunaka izinto ezibonakala zisobala futhi ziyaqondakala kuye akuhlali kugxile. Futhi kumuntu o-layman, lezi zikhathi "ezisobala" zingafana ne-terra incognita ephelele.
Isibonelo, sabhala ukuthi umuthi kufanele usetshenziswe ngaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa elingu-15 - 25 ° C. Sazikhulula ngokusemthethweni emthwalweni wemfanelo uma umkhiqizo wethu wawusetshenziswa ekushiseni okungamazinga angamashumi amathathu. Ngempela, akukuhle ukuqhuba ukwelashwa lapho kushisa noma kubanda. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi akukuhle, kepha kuyadingeka. Futhi kufanele kuchazelwe iklayenti ukuthi kumaphi amacala ukuthi kubi futhi akudingekile, futhi kumaphi amacala kubi, kepha uma kudingeka kakhulu, kusenokwenzeka.
Amaqiniso
Masithi, sidedele kokushiwo emapheshana nasemibhalweni yokubhaliswa, singene ezintweni ezingaphandle ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo osezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Silandelela indlela yesidakamizwa sethu sisuka esitshalweni iye kwelitsheni. Futhi sizama ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingamdukisa.
Lezi zici zihlanganisa:
- Izimo zokuhamba nezitoreji.
- Izinga lamanzi asetshenziselwa ukulungisa isixazululo esisebenzayo (i-pH, i-turbidity, ukwakheka kosawoti okuncibilikile, izinga lokushisa).
- Izimo zesimo sezulu zombili ngesikhathi sesicelo nangaphambi nangemuva kwesicelo (lokushisa kanye nomswakama, umoya, inversion yokushisa, imvula ngaphambi nangemva kokufafaza).
- Izitshizi ezisetshenzisiwe, izinhlobo zama-nozzles wokufafaza nezindlela zokusebenzisa i-sprayer (isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kokuxazulula izixazululo, usayizi wamaconsi, inani lamaconsi endaweni ngayinye yesitshalo esiphathisiwe kanye nomphumela walesi paramitha kuhlelo / izinambuzane zokuthambisa).
- Izici zenhlabathi (ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwemfucumfucu yesitshalo kanye nezinqwaba kuso, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama, inhlabathi ethola izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi).
- Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical zokulima nezitshalo ezisetshenziswa ngenkathi yokukhula.
- Isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kokhula nesimo sabo.
- Isigaba sokuthuthuka kwesiko, isimo saso kanye nezimpawu zokuhlukahluka.
- Isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo.
- Isigaba sokuthuthuka kwezinambuzane.
- Ukuba khona kwama-biotypes amelana nokhula, izilokazane nezifo, ukushintshwa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ngezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zezinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi bezinhlobo ezingamelana nazo.
- Izingxube zethangi ezisetshenzisiwe zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, ama-agrochemicals (ukuhlangana kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinto eziphilayo).
- Imiphumela yokubulala izinambuzane, imikhawulo yokujikeleza kwezitshalo.
- Ngokubheka imininingwane yokubhaliswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo (lapha - i-D.V.) emazweni ahlukile kanye nezindlela zamazinga aphezulu avumelekile kokuqukethwe okusalayo kwe-D.V. ekukhiqizeni.
- Futhi okunye engikhohliwe ukusho - ngakho-ke bhala, sizocubungula ezintweni ezalandela.
UKWAKHIWA NOKUFUNDA
Kodwa sizoqala hhayi ngezinto zangaphandle, kodwa ngezinto zangaphakathi - ngokwakhiwa nokupakishwa. Ukuze uqonde ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa, kufanele uvakashele noma iyiphi ifektri ka-Augustus, lapha izindaba azisho lutho, kufanelekile ukubona okungenani kanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-batch ngayinye, amasampuli okulamula kanye namameleli athathwa, agcinwe efektri futhi ngawo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela umuthi kanye nezimo zobuchwepheshe.
Ngokuqondene nokupakishwa, enkampanini ka-Agasti kuwo wonke amafektri kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2020 okumakwa uphawu lokugcina ngalunye (i-canister, ibhodlela, iphakheji) ngekhodi eyingqayizivele yosuku sekuqalisiwe. Imayelana nemikhiqizo yobungcweti. Ukulungiselela abahlali basehlobo (LPH), sisebenzisa ilebula elehlukile. Futhi manje, usebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza leselula lika-Agasti Checker, ungaqinisekisa ubuqiniso bemikhiqizo yethu. Izinhlelo "Agasti AgroMarker" ne "Agasti AgroSklad" zizovumela ukulandela ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo kanye nokubuya kwamathini angenalutho osezindlini zabathengi bethu.
Kukhona ukumaka okufanayo noma okufanayo kumikhiqizo yabanye abakhiqizi. U-Agasti uthathe isinyathelo sokuqala ukwakha indinganiso ebumbene yokulebula kanye nesoftware yomkhakha wokukhiqiza izinambuzane nokushushumbisa. Siyethemba ukuthi kuzoba njalo.
Ngakho-ke sizobheka ukuthi kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhamba kwemikhiqizo yethu sikhuluma ngomkhiqizo osezingeni eliphakeme nokaqobo, hhayi mayelana nomgunyathi.
UKUHAMBISANA NOKUGCINA IZITOLO
Izinkinga zingavele zisendleleni zisuka kulondolozi luka-Agasti ziye egumbini lokugcina labathengi nalapho zigcinwa kulo. Baxhunyiwe, okokuqala, ngeqondo lokushisa. Zonke izinambuzane zinamazinga okugcina okugcina. Amanye (ngokwesibonelo, amaTornadoes) aqandiswe ngokuphelele ekujuleni okukhulu kwezwe lakithi, bese ancibilika ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla. Ngakho-ke, zingahanjiswa futhi zigcinwe ebangeni lokushisa elilinganayo. Futhi kukhona izidakamizwa lapho lokhu kugxila kungenakwenzeka khona: kufanele zigcinwe kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezingezelelwe.
Qiniseka ukuthi unaka lokhu. Bonke abakhiqizi bayazazi lezi zici futhi banikeza izincomo ngombuso wokushisa wesitoreji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imininingwane enjalo ihlala ikhonjiswa kwilebula. Uma izimo zenkathi zinjalo ukuthi unazo izinsalela zemikhiqizo yokugcina efudumele eyenziwe, qiniseka ukuthi uziyisa endaweni yokugcina izimpahla ebusika. Uma kungenxa yokwengamela noma ezinye izimo, umuthi wawugcinwa ezimweni ezingafanele - usihlole ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa ngosizo lomenzi ofanayo. Uyakwazi hhayi kuphela ukuhlola okuqukethwe yi-D.V., kodwa futhi anganquma ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwezinye izinkomba ezithinta ukusebenza kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
ISIQINISO SAMANZI
Masikhumbule umugqa omnandi osuka engomeni uye emavesini kaLeonid Derbenev - "ubhiya awubabulali abantu, amanzi abhubhisa abantu". Kuyiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma ngubani acabange ukwenza isisombululo esisebenza ngokubhekela ubhiya, kodwa ukuyilungiselela ngesisekelo samanzi, ngaphandle kokuhlola ikhwalithi yaso, yisimo esingaphezu kwesivamile.
Futhi uma sithi ukuvivinya ukusebenza kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ngokuhambisana nendlela yokuhlola insimu, kuyadingeka ukuhlola into eyodwa, lapho-ke sivame ukukhohlwa ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi nayo iyisici kwesinye isikhathi esingahle sikhawulele ukuthola isisombululo esithile esisebenzayo.
Yini amanzi?
Sivame ukubuzwa imibuzo maqondana nokulungiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwamathangi. Babuza ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa ezihlanganiswa ku-biology, izinkomba zamakhemikhali, njll. Kepha bayakhohlwa ukuthi ayini amanzi uqobo. Kungabonakala ukuthi lo mbuzo ulula: ekushiseni okungu-0 kuye ku-100 ° C, kuwuketshezi osobala, imolekyulu ngayinye equkethe ama-athomu amabili e-hydrogen neyodwa - oksijini, okungukuthi, N2A. Kodwa amanzi esiwasebenzisayo empilweni, ngisho nokuphuza okumsulwa, okungenani okuwubuchwepheshe, kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwamakhemikhali asemzimbeni, awusewona amanzi. Esimweni esihle kunazo zonke, lesi yisixazululo esenziwe ngomumo sethangi samasawoti ahlukahlukene kanye namagesi, futhi okubi kakhulu, yisixazululo esinezakhi zokumiswa kanye nama-emulsions ahlukahlukene. Ngoba ngisho nasemanzini okuphuza, ngokwezindlela zeSanPiN ezihambisanayo, amaminerali wonke angafinyelela ku-1 g / l. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-100 l amanzi anjalo angaqukatha aze afike ku-100 g kasawoti ahlukahlukene. Yini esingayisho ngamanzi angenakupheka!
Ngakho-ke kulesi “sixazululo sethangi”, kuma-100 l aqukethe amashumi athile kuya kwamakhulu amaningana wama-gramu wezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezingafakwanga, kwesinye isikhathi singeza amagremu wezinto ezisebenzayo ngendlela yepilisi yethu yokubulala izinambuzane, eyakhelwe uthando ezimweni zokuhlanzeka kwezokwelapha. Futhi-ke ngeke siqonde: yiluphi uhlobo lokulungiselela lokhu? Liyasebenza, alisebenzi. Kubukeka sengathi iqembu linye, futhi abalintshontsanga eceleni komgwaqo baligcina ngendlela eyiyo, kodwa umphumela ovela kulo awuneme kulo mkhakha, kodwa kwamanye amakhilomitha ayishumi konke kuhamba kahle. Yize isetshenziswe ngasikhathi sinye ezitshalweni nakukhula ezifanayo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zesimo sezulu, iziqhumane, izifutho kanye nezindlela. Futhi imfihlo ilula - "akukhona ubhiya obulala abantu, amanzi abulala abantu» (yize ubhiya nawo uyonakalisa, kunjalo, kepha lokhu kungaphezu kobubanzi balesi sihloko). Umuthi awusebenzanga ngoba okuqukethwe ukungcola okuthile emanzini ethu angempela kunethonya elibi ekusebenzeni kwawo ngempumelelo.
Yiziphi izindawo zamanzi okufanele nginake?
Usawoti oncibilikile
Imayelana nosawoti wobulukhuni - i-calcium ne-magnesium.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuvame kakhulu noma kungaphansi kwamanzi wamanzi wobuciko, ngakho-ke uma uzinqume elabhoratri ekhethekile, ungagxila kulokhu kuhlaziya iminyaka eminingi. Futhi ngesisekelo sayo yenza isinqumo: ukulungisa amanzi akho noma cha.
Uma usebenzisa amanzi emithonjeni engaphezulu noma emithonjeni engajulile, ukuhlaziya okwenziwe ngisho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule kungenzeka kube sekuwusizo lomlando. Futhi ungahambisani nokwakhiwa kwamanzi akho njengamanje.
Lapho kunqunywa khona ukusebenza kobulukhuni bamanzi, umuntu angasebenzisa inkomba engaqondile njengokuhambisa kukagesi, okulula ukukala usebenzisa imitha yokuhambisa. IStоyile divayisi enguqulweni ephathekayo engu-50 - 100 yamadola ngocezu ngalunye, kuya ngamandla kanye "nokuphola» amamodeli. Isisetshenziswa esinjalo kufanele sibe kuzo zonke izazi zezolimo nezokuzihlonipha. Ama-Conductometers ashibhile, kepha avame ukuwa ngokushesha. Uma ukuhamba kwamanzi kungadluli kuma-microbiemens / cm angama-500, ungakubheka kunesimo esifanele ukufafazwa ngokuqina kobulukhuni.
Uma leli nani lingaphezulu (noma ufuna ukulidlala liphephile futhi lenyusa ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo), lapho kulungiswa izixazululo zezinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane ezivela ku-d. kususelwa kumunyu wamanzi we-asidi we-organic acid noma ama-asidi anjalo kuphela, amanzi kufanele alungiswe. Nalu uhlu lwe-d.v. kanye namagama athile ezohwebo wezidakamizwa zika-Augusta» (Lokhu kuyasebenza nasemikhiqizweni yabaqhudelani bayo).
- I-2,4-D (Biolan Super)
- Aminopyralide
- Acifluorfen
- Bentazone (Corsair, Corsair Super)
- I-Glyphosate (Tornado, Tornado 500, Tornado 540)
- I-Gluphosinate
- UDikamba (Deimos, Biolan Super, Dublon Super)
- Imephux, imazapir, imazethapyr (Paradox, Corsair Super, Grader, Fabian)
- I-Quinchlorac
- I-Quinmerac (Tranche Super)
- I-Kletodim (Graminion, Kvikstep)
- I-Clopyralide (Galion, Hacker)
- I-MCPA (Herbitox, Herbitox-L, Gorgon)
- I-Picloram (Galion, Gorgon, Ballerina Forte)
- I-Setoxidim
- I-Tepraloxydim
- I-Tralkoxide
Izimo ezinamanzi ezinhlobonhlobo ezisuselwa ku-orthophosphoric, oxalic, citric acid zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa amanzi. Ziyamanzi, zilungele futhi zifaka odayi bezimpawu kanye nama-ejffering agents. E-Augustus» isimo esinjengalesi somoya sikhona nalokhu - lokhu kuyi-Soylent. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-ammonium sulfate, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukusebenza nayo, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho yunithi eyenziwe ngodaka.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-Soylent ifakwe umthetho wokuqina we-fungol Idol (i-tribalic sulfate, 345 g / l). Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso kumakhompiyutha amaningi emoyeni maqondana nama-fungicides kasawoti enethusi.
Qaphela ukuthi ngaphezu kokusawoti okuncibilikisiwe, ubungako obukhulu besawoti we-sodium bungaba khona emanzini. Kumkhuba wethu, amanzi we-artesian anokuqukethwe okunjalo kwe-sodium chloride, i-sulfate ne-bicarbonate kwatholakala ukuthi kulula ukuwahlukanisa njengamaminerali. Futhi yize okuqukethwe kwe-calcium ne-magnesium kuzo bekungabalulekanga kangako, amanzi kasawoti angaba nokuhanjiswa kukagesi kwama-micosiemens ayizinkulungwane eziningana / cm. Futhi naye, futhi, zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga zingavela. Njengoba usawoti (futhi noma ungafisi nakancane) amanzi uvame ukuphikiswa ngendlela yokugxiliswa kwama-emulsions nokumiswa. Futhi amaphakethe okugcwala amanzi (inqwaba yezidakamizwa inephakeji elinjalo) emanzini anjalo aba mancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, inembe ngokwengeziwe ngamanzi kasawoti, ngoba ngaphandle kokuyixhuma namanzi, ingathinta kabi ukuqina kanye nokusebenza kokumiswa kanye nokumiswa.
Umswakama
I-Acidity, noma i-pH, ingaqunywa ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa iphepha lesikhombisi (ngokunemba okuphansi kakhulu) noma kusetshenziswa imitha ye-pH ephathekayo, ngokungafani nemitha yokuhambisa ephathekayo, edinga ukunakekelwa okuningana. Sebenzisa le divayisi endaweni yokukhempa akulula neze.
Emithini eminingi yokubulala izinambuzane, maqondana nokuzinza kwayo ekuxazululweni kokusebenza nokusebenza kwayo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuba nesisombululo sokusebenza esine-esidi encane. Lokhu kungenxa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungazinzi kweningi le-d.v. i-alkaline hydrolysis, futhi ngakolunye - neqiniso lokuthi imidiya ene-asidi ingakhuthaza ukungena okungcono kuka-D. ngokusebenzisa i-cuticle yezitshalo. Ama-conditioner athule futhi afanayo ngasikhathi sinye abopha usawoti wobulukhuni futhi enze i-acidify isisombululo sisebenze, ngakho-ke singasetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye ukuthambisa amanzi nokuwa-asidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi emvelo, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile (isibonelo, amanzi ebhogi), anempendulo ye-alkaline (ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-sodium, calcium ne-magnesium bicarbonates encibilikisiwe kuwo). Futhi imitha ye-pH edinga ukunakekelwa okubucayi ayidingeki.
Ngokuyinhloko, uma ukuqhutshwa kwamanzi akho kuphansi (konke okufanayo 500 μS / cm), futhi i-pH ayikashayi kakhulu kunani elingathathi hlangothi (hhayi eliphakeme kakhulu kune-7), khona-ke kwezidakamizwa eziningi, i-acidization yamanzi ayisona isidingo esiphuthumayo, yize kunjalo, hhayi kuzolimaza. Okuhlukile lapha ama-fungicides asuselwa kusawoti wethusi, futhi, ngezinga elithile, amalungiselelo asuselwa kuma-sulfonylureas, athambekele ku-acid kunokuba kune-alkaline hydrolysis, ngakho-ke awazinzile ezinkingeni ze-acidic kune-alkaline.
Kepha, nokho, kunenombolo ye-d. Ikhulu leminyaka, lapho i-acidification yesisombululo esisebenzayo se-pH ka-5 - 6 ifiseleka kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yezimo zezulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushiye isixazululo esisebenzayo ku-sprayer noma ku-unit solution. Abanye abakhiqizi (befaka inshuwalense ngokumelene nezicelo ezingenzeka) babhala kuzincomo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesixazululo esisebenzayo kufanele kwenzeke ngokushesha ngemuva kokulungiswa kwaso. Kepha, njengoba uGoethe ayejwayele ukusho: “umbono womile, mngani wami, nesihlahla sempilo siluhlaza ngokukhazimulayo»... Ngakho-ke, hhayi kwabathiyori, kepha ngongoti, sicabangela ukuqhosha kwempilo yangempela, sinikeza uhlu lwe-DV, lapho amanzi ane-alkaline reaction (pH> 7) engathandeki neze. Ikakhulu esimweni esichazwe ngenhla, lapho kuvela izinkinga ngokusetshenziswa kwesisombululo esisebenzayo ngemuva kokulungiselela. Futhi izingxube zamathangi ezinama-alkaline agents (isibonelo, njenge-sodium noma i-potassium humates, i-pH yayo engafinyelela ku-9-10) yalezi zinto. nazo ziyaphikiswa.
Nalu uhlu lwe-dv elisetshenziswe kumalungiselelo ka-Augusta»ukuthambekele kwi-alkaline hydrolysis, okuyilapho isisombululo esisebenza ngokusekwe emanzini nge-alkaline pH sidinga i-acidization (sebenzisa i-Soylent efanayo):
acidization liyadingeka: I-Desmedifam (Biceps 22, Biceps Garant), fenmedifam (Biceps 22, Biceps Garant), kanye nama-FOPs - fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (Eraser 100, Eraser Top, Eraser-Extra), Clodinafop-propargil (Eraser Top), Halox I-R-methyl (i-Quickstep), i-chizalofop-P-ethyl (Miura) ne-malathion (Aliot);
acidization kuyinto efiselekayo: dimethoate (Cirocco); pyrethroids - alpha-cypermethrin (Borey Neo), lambda-cygalothrin (Break, Borey), cypermethrin (Shar Pei), esfenvalerate (Senpai), kanye chlorpyrifos (Tyra) kanye cymoxanil (Ordan).
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ifomu lokulungiselela libanzi kakhulu kune-D.V., futhi ngenxa yalokho izidakamizwa ezithile zingase zibe nezincomo ezithile.
Umbuzo ovame ukuphakama uthi: yini okufanele uyenze ngokuxubana kwamathangi wezidakamizwa zeqembu le-betanal ne-triflusulfuron methyl? Kulokhu, sikhetha uhlangothi lwesiqhingi olutholakala kakhulu ekuwohlokeni. ISulfonylureas izovumela ukusabela kwe-acid kalula kakhulu kune-desmedifam ne-phenmedifam - i-alkaline hydrolysis. Ukuqinisa - futhi hhayi ukuhlukunyezwa ukungabaza.
Ukudideka
Amanzi angagudluzwa ngenxa yokumiswa okuhlukaniswe kahle okuhlukaniswa, i-organic ne -organic. Ukungcola kwendalo nobumba kunomthelela omubi kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo kube nokuqolwa kokuqina okuhlukanisayo okwenziwe nge-organic carbon / water (i-English KOC). Lapho kukhulu lokhu kugcotshwa, kulapho into ingatholwa ukumunwa. Emanzini anodaka, lokhu kuyinto d. kusuka kokusebenza kuba nje.
Lapho inani le-CBS lilinganiswa ngamashumi ezinkulungwane (i-glyphosate) noma amayunithi wezigidi (i-diquat), kuyisignali ukucabanga kanzima ngobunzima bamanzi akho. Kuyiqiniso, ukuyilinganisa ngezinsimbi nokunquma ubunjalo bayo kungumsebenzi wezingqondo ezifuna ukwazi kakhulu, ezidinga izinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, abaseMelika ngesikhathi sabo basungula inqubo ebabiza amasenti angama-25 kuphela, okusho ukuthi namuhla isilinganiso sokushintshana cishe ama-ruble angama-20 kuphela. Ngithuthukise le nqubo, futhi ezindaweni ezivulekile zaseRussia kuzokubiza izindleko eziphindwe kashumi - ama-ruble ama-10 kuphela. Thatha uhlamvu lwemali olungamarubhu amabili, uluphonse ebhakedeni eligcwele lamanzi (amalitha ayi-2-10), futhi uma uwabona ezansi, lawo manzi abhekwa njengakufanelekile ngokombandela ngokhwantalala. Futhi uma ungaboni ngisho nohlamvu lwemali lwama-ruble amahlanu (yize lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile), imali yakho yakhala. Funa omunye umthombo wamanzi ukulungisa isixazululo esisebenzayo.
I-Diquat ne-glyphosate zizwela kakhulu emanzini anodaka, futhi azithandi i-oxyfluorfen ne-pendimethalin. Yebo, njengamanye ama-DVD, ngincoma ukubheka isiza imbangi.ru bese ubheka etafuleni “Ukuziphatha Kwezemvelo» Inani elithile le-CBS lesithako osithandayo. Uma kuphambene nenani elishoyo "alihambi», lokhu kusho - amanzi anamafu aqinisekiswe umthetho wokulungiselela kwakho.
Temperature
Izinkinga eziningi zivame ukuvela ngamanzi abandayo kakhulu - hhayi konke ukwakhiwa okukuvumela. Lokhu kuholela ebunzimeni bokulungisa izixazululo ezisebenzayo amayunithi odaka (ikakhulukazi lapho i-urea noma i-saltpeter ingezelelwa kula manzi, emva kwalokho izinga lokushisa lehlela ngaphansi kwe-zero), kwizitshizi zesifutho nemishini yokuthosa. Lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ngekhulu le-D., kodwa futhi nakwezinye izingxenye zokwenziwa. Naka lokho! Thatha amalungiselelo athile bese wenza isisombululo sokuhlola ngamanzi esiqandisini.
Ukuze iqhubeke
Izithombe ngu-O. Seyfutdinova, Shutterstock, wase-Amazon
Indaba Iphephandaba iPole Augusta No. 5, 2020