Abalimi baseRussia bakhetha izinhlobo zangaphandle zemifino yasendle. U-Elena Alekperova, uMqondisi Jikelele we-Agrostat Agency, ukhulume ngezizathu zalokhu kungalingani kanye nezici zokusatshalaliswa kokukhiqizwa kwemifino evulekile eRussia.
Umbhalo: Alexandra Nevskaya
Elena Alekperova
Umqondisi Jikelele we-ejensi ye-Agrostat
Isikhungo esizimele sokuhlaziya i-"Agrostat" sesineminyaka engama-22 sisebenza ocwaningweni lokumaketha emkhakheni wezolimo. Lolu cwaningo lusekelwe ocwaningweni oluqondile lwabakhiqizi bezolimo abavela kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia. Izingxoxo ezingama-270 zamapulazi zisebenze njengomthombo wedatha yocwaningo lwezibalo lwemifino yangaphandle etshalwa eRussia.
Isivuno esikhulu kanye ne-acreage yemifino endaweni evulekile
Ngokusho kukaRosstat, eminyakeni yamuva nje, isivuno esikhulu semifino endaweni evulekile emabhizinisini ezolimo nasemapulazini abalimi bezwe besilokhu sikhula kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo ezitshaliwe ezihlala izitshalo zemifino zihlala zisezingeni elifanayo. Lokhu kungakhombisa kokubili ukushintshwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamapulazi kuya kwezikhiqiza kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obusezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kokukhiqizwa kwemifino yasendle ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamapulazi
Ngokusho kukaRosstat, inani eliphelele lokukhiqizwa kwemifino evulekile ezweni iminyaka emihlanu - kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2019 - likhuphuke ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-542. Lesi sibalo esibalulekile. Ngaso leso sikhathi, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwakungekho ukwabiwa kabusha kokutshalwa kwemifino emapulazini amakhulu namancane - njengangaphambili, imikhiqizo eminingi ikhiqizwa abantu ngezinjongo zomuntu siqu.
Nokho, kuyajabulisa ukuthi leli sabelo lilokhu lincipha kancane kancane ngenxa yomkhakha wezimboni - amapulazi abalimi kanye namabhizinisi ezolimo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunenqubekela phambili embonini. Ukwenyuka kwesabelo sokukhiqizwa kweziza zomuntu siqu, ngokuphambene nalokho, kungasho ukuntenga kanye nokuhlehla kwemboni.
Ukusatshalaliswa ngokwendawo kwezingxoxo ngamasiko
I-ejensi yokuhlaziya i-Agrostat yenze izingxoxo ezingama-270 (eyodwa ngesitshalo ngasinye) emapulazini emifino avulekile. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwendawo kwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene kubonakala kahle: uma utamatisi namakhukhamba kutshalwa ngokukhululeka eningizimu yeRussia (eKrasnodar naseStavropol Territories, Kabardino-Balkaria, Astrakhan kanye neVolgograd Region), bese kuthi kwezinye izifunda akhule. ikakhulukazi imifino yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi isethi ye-borsch.
Yini enomthelela esinqumweni sokuzibandakanya ekukhiqizeni imifino yasendle
Kungani abalimi bekhetha lesi noma leso sitshalo ukuze balinywe? Okokuqala, yiqiniso, izimo zezulu nomhlabathi, kanye namakhono ezobuchwepheshe omnotho kanye nolwazi lwe-agronomist. Kodwa-ke, cishe kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba lesi siko sinenzuzo futhi sidingeka emakethe.
Izinhlobo zasekhaya nezangaphandle - isakhiwo sendawo
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indawo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kwasekhaya eRussia ihlala ukhukhamba. Okungenani kukho konke, amapulazi anezinhlobonhlobo zezaqathi notamatisi okhethiwe waseRussia.
Kunezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene nezinhlobonhlobo zabalimi. Phakathi kwazo, ezimbili eziyinhloko zingaqanjwa: izindleko eziphezulu zembewu ye-hybrids yangaphandle kanye nokuhlehla kokukhethwa kwasekhaya. Isilinganiso sezinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kwangaphandle nasekhaya
iyazikhulumela: amasimu ethu ngokungangabazeki abuswa yizinhlobonhlobo nama-hybrids emifino eyenziwe kwamanye amazwe. Kubonakala sengathi imifino ekhethiwe yaseRussia kufanele ivumelane kangcono nezimo zezulu zesifunda kanye nenhlabathi, kufanele imelane kakhulu nezifo zendawo kanye nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, ukuzalanisa ekhaya kusalokhu kuyinkambiso yezemfundo futhi okwamanje akuncintisani kangako.
Ukwaneliseka sekukonke ngokwakhiwa kwe-varietal
Ngokuvamile, abalimi banelisekile ngokubunjwa kwe-varietal yemakethe yezitshalo zemifino. Amapulazi anelisekile kancane ngesethi ye-varietal yamatamatisi namakhukhamba. Kodwa-ke, leli zinga lokwaneliseka likhuluma, ngeshwa, kuphela ukuthi abalimi abanalo ulwazi olufanele ngabanye.
izinhlobo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zemifino.
Kukhona i-nuance ethakazelisayo: amapulazi azi kangcono kakhulu ngezinhlobonhlobo zemifino ekhethiwe yangaphandle kunezinhlobonhlobo zokukhetha isiRashiya.
Imithombo yolwazi esetshenzisiwe kanye nezinga lokuthembela kuyo
Abakhiqizi bezolimo bathola ulwazi emithonjeni eminingi eyahlukene. Idatha ethembeke kakhulu ngokuqinisekile ivela kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu. Kuyathakazelisa nokho ukuthi ulwazi lwesibili olubaluleke kakhulu luvela kubathuthukisi abahlukahlukene nabasabalalisi bembewu. Iqiniso liwukuthi abadali bezinhlobonhlobo, abakhiqizi bembewu kanye nabalimi bahlobene kakhulu futhi bahlobene ngokuqondile, futhi uma ngolunye usuku ulwazi olutholwe kumsabalalisi "lukhohlisa" umlimi, uzolahlekelwa isivuno, futhi umsabalalisi uzolahlekelwa iklayenti.
Ukwethembeka ezinhlobonhlobo nama-hybrids asetshenzisiwe - izinhlelo zonyaka olandelayo
Njengoba izingxoxo zibonisa, abalimi abavamile ukushintsha izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa epulazini. Kodwa-ke, cishe minyaka yonke, amasha ayasakazwa ngaphandle kokushintsha
ukwakheka kwe-varietal ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ubuchwepheshe be-varietal bezitshalo zemifino buboshelwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile ngokuqinile kakhulu kunobuchwepheshe bokutshala izitshalo zasensimini. Ekuhlanganisweni okuqinile nezinhlobonhlobo noma i-hybrid yemifino, kunesethi yemishini namadivayisi, kanye nomanyolo nemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo.
Izimo zokushintshela ezinhlotsheni ezifuywayo kanye nenzalo
Ngempela, abalimi baseRussia bazoshintshela ngokuzithandela ezinhlobonhlobo zokukhetha isiRashiya. Kodwa-ke, lokhu ngeke kwenzeke kuze kube yilapho abalimi benelisekile ngekhwalithi yembewu efanele futhi beqiniseka ngokubikezela komphumela.