Ngesizini yezolimo ka-2023, kube nokukhuphuka okubonakalayo kwentshisekelo yabalimi ezinsizeni zama-agrolaboratories ango-August. Ukubonisana ngezoLimo futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo, njengoba kuvumela izazi zezolimo namahlathi ukuba zithole ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani ensimini ethile nangaphakathi kwezitshalo, futhi ngesisekelo sazo zenza izinqumo ezinembile mayelana nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo nama-hybrids , ukuvikelwa kanye nokudla kwezitshalo, kanye nezinye izici eziningi zokukhiqiza ezolimo, ukuze kuvunwe isivuno esihleliwe.
Njengoba isizini ibonisile, i-agroanalysis iyadingeka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zezulu zithuthuka kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala kuwusizo hhayi kuphela ezimweni zezomnotho ezivumayo kubakhiqizi bezolimo, lapho umsebenzi oyinhloko uwukukhulisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo, kodwa futhi endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokwandisa izindleko. Ochwepheshe abavela ezindaweni zokucwaninga zezolimo zase-Augusta ezivela ezifundeni ezahlukene zaseRussia batshele ukuthi yiziphi izinselele abalimi ababhekane nazo kulo nyaka nokuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo ezidingeka kakhulu phakathi kwabo.
UVyacheslav Krasin, inhloko yeqembu lesifunda elithi "Agroanalysis-Center", Gryazi, Lipetsk region.
Esikhathini sezolimo sika-2023, ilabhorethri yethu inyuse inani lama-oda okuhlaziya usawoti wenhlabathi. Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo nesikhathi eside kwezinhlelo zokunisela: uma esifundeni sase-Astrakhan inkinga ye-salinization yesibili ibilokhu ibalulekile, khona-ke ezindaweni ezingaphansi kokunisela eCentral Black Earth Region futhi, ikakhulukazi, esifundeni saseVoronezh, sahlangana nayo okokuqala. Le nkinga, njengomthetho, iqala ukuvela ngemva kokunisela isikhathi eside kwezindawo ezingaphansi kwezitshalo zezolimo kusetshenziswa amanzi anekhwalithi enganele. Ngisho nokuqukethwe okubonakala kungenamsebenzi kasawoti oncibilika kalula emanzini okunisela lapho kuchelelwa iminyaka eyi-10-12 kuholela ekwakhiweni kwe-alkaline kanye nokufakwa kukasawoti kwesibili okubuthakathaka kwenhlabathi. Futhi, kule sizini ilabhorethri ivame ukwandisa inani lokuhlaziya okwenziwa mayelana nezitshalo zezithelo: lokhu kuhlanganisa i-phytoexpertise, ucwaningo lwenhlabathi, kanye nokuhlaziywa okungenhla kwamanzi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela. Lokhu kukhombisa kokubili ukuthambekela okuvamile kokwandisa indawo engaphansi kwezingadi kanye nokunqwabelana kwezinkinga kule ndawo.
U-Anna Karmach, Ph.D., isazi sezinto eziphilayo e-Augusta partner laboratory - Centre for Agricultural Technologies "Agrodoctor", Novosibirsk district, Novosibirsk region
Kulo nyaka, ithimba lochwepheshe kanye nochwepheshe baselabhorethri bekufanele baqaphe ngokucophelela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula ngenxa yokushisa okungavamile kanye nesomiso senhlabathi: ezindaweni eziningi, imvula yokuqala yehla kuphela ezinsukwini eziyishumi zesibili zikaJuni, futhi ukuvela kwezitshalo kwakungalingani. Isibonelo, ngefilakisi, kwenziwa ukwelashwa okuhlukile: okokuqala, amapulazi alwa nokhula okusanhlamvu, kepha ezitshalweni ze-dicotyledonous, ukwelashwa kwahlehliswa kuze kuvele amahlumela okhula - kuze kufike isigaba esibucayi sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Ezitshalweni zembewu kawoyela, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula kwalungiswa ngenxa yokuvela kwegagasi lesibili lokhula lokusanhlamvu ngemva kokuqala kwemvula. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezikhona, ochwepheshe baselabhorethri kwadingeka benze izinqumo mayelana nokuba nokwenzeka kwezomnotho ukusebenzisa izibulala-sikhunta, ezisekelwe ngokuyinhloko ekuhlolweni komkhiqizo wasensimini kanye nokuqina kokukhula kwezifo; ukuvikela okuhleliwe kanye nezikimu zokufaka umquba emikhakheni ethize nazo zathuthukiswa ngokujwayelekile. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi ngenxa yesimo esibi ngebhu le-meadow, sasibhekene nomsebenzi wokulawula inani lezinambuzane nokubikezela ukuvela kwesizukulwane esilandelayo.
Tatyana Ledeneva, inhloko yeqembu lesifunda "AgroLaboratory-Livny", Livny, Oryol esifundeni.
Ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza kwelabhorethri ezingqungqutheleni zokuqeqesha amakhasimende, isidingo sezinsizakalo zethu sikhule kakhulu kulo nyaka - kangangokuthi kunesidingo sokuheha abasebenzi abasha eqenjini. Ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yamasemina agxile kancane kubalimi bamazambane, inani lezicelo zokuhlaziywa kwe-tuber yamazambane liye landa. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ochwepheshe bethu bebelokhu bebamba iqhaza ekuthathweni kwenhlabathi ngenhloso yokuqapha i-phytosanitary, futhi kulo nyaka kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inani lamasampula enhlabathi ahloliwe linqoba inani lamasampula ezitshalo (futhi lokhu akunaki amasampula ukuze nquma ukucindezelwa kwenhlabathi kanye nokwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo zenhlabathi ezenziwa ukuhlela ukujikeleza kwezitshalo ekwindla). Abaholi besizini phakathi kwezinto zocwaningo kwakuyimbewu yezitshalo ezingaba yishumi ezihloselwe ukuhlwanyela - ikakhulukazi ukolweni, ibhali, ubhontshisi wesoya, uphizi, nokunye okufana nokolweni, kodwa kwakukhona namasampula embewu yefilakisi yamafutha, i-oats, i-ryegrass ngisho nelayisi. Mayelana nokutshalwa kwaminyaka yonke kwezingadi zezithelo ezintsha esifundeni sase-Oryol, kukhona ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwamakhono elabhorethri ukukhomba amagciwane ezithombo ze-apula. Ngokokuqala ngqa kulo nyaka, sisebenze nezithombo zezitshalo zezimbali, izitshalo zikabhontshisi obanzi nezitshalo zamajikijolo. Futhi, ngesizini edlule, abaphathi ba-August, kanye nezazi zezolimo namahlathi, baqaphe ngokucophelela ukuguquguquka kokukhula kwe-downy mildew kubhontshisi wesoya, basiza ekurekhodeni lesi sifo kanye nokuqhathanisa ukusebenza kahle kwezibulala-sikhunta ezisetshenziswayo.
UMikhail Suprunenko, inhloko yeqembu lesifunda "AgroLaboratory-Stavropol", Stavropol, Stavropol Territory
Ilabhorethri yethu ineminyaka emibili ubudala, kodwa ngisho nokucabangela isikhathi esifushane somsebenzi, sibona ukwanda kwezicelo zokucwaninga nge-entomology, phytopathology kanye ne-agrochemistry emapulazini aseStavropol Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria naseKarachay-Cherkessia. Wonke umuntu akafuni nje ukwazi usawoti kanye nezinga lokuhlinzekwa kwenhlabathi ngama-macro- kanye ne-mesoelements, kodwa futhi ukuthola isibalo somsoco wamaminerali ngesivuno esihleliwe sesitshalo esithile, ngoba umanyolo ukhuphuke kakhulu ngentengo; Kwenzeka ukuthi ukuze ipulazi liphile, kuyadingeka ukubala umthamo omncane ovumelekile wokufaka isicelo ngokusekelwe emandleni omhlaba. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalimi baqala ukucabanga ukuthi bangalahlekelwa kanjani ukuzala, njengoba isivuno esiphezulu sihlotshaniswa nokususwa ngokushesha kwezakhi emhlabathini, kanti kubalimi kuyindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza kanye nesihluthulelo sekusasa eliphumelelayo. Ngokuvamile, inani lezicelo kithi ezivela kubalimi nabalimi bemifino, ikakhulukazi lezo zitshalo ezikhulayo ezifana no-anyanisi namazambane, ziyakhula. Ezinkampanini ezinkulu, ukugunyazwa kombuso wethu kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi, ukuthola imiphumela yezifundo ze-phytopathological. Kunesidingo esikhulu sokuhlolwa (kuhlanganise nokwandulela) lapho ugcina izithelo nemifino, ikakhulukazi u-anyanisi, ngokubalwa kwesikhathi seshalofu. E-Kabardino-Balkaria, amapulazi amaningana adinga isevisi ukuze kutholwe ukuthi ama-apula angakwazi yini ukungena emgodini obabayo. Kubakhiqizi bezitshalo zezithelo, ukubaluleka kokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi namanzi kuyanda - lokhu kuyaphawuleka, ngokwesibonelo, njengoba uhlelo lwe- "Turnkey Gardens - 10 Acres" luthuthuka, lapho abanikazi bezingadi bendlalelwe bona ngosizo lwezibonelelo zikahulumeni. baqale ukudinga idatha, okwenzeka njengamanje ezindaweni zabo.
Elena Shuplyak, inhloko yeqembu lesifunda "Agroanalysis-Don", Azov, Rostov esifundeni.
Ngenxa yemvula, inani layo elaliphakeme izikhathi ezingama-2,5 kunejwayelekile eminyakeni edlule, ukugcwala kwamanzi kanye nokuqubuka kwezifo ze-phytopathogenic, abalimi baseSouthern Federal District babonise intshisekelo enkulu kule sizini yokuqapha isimo ezitshalweni ukuze kusetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-fungicidal. . Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Phytopathological kanye ne-microbiological yomhlabathi nezitshalo kwakubalulekile. Kusele isidingo sendabuko sokuhlaziywa kwamanzi ukuze kutholakale ikhwalithi yayo yokunisela kanye nokulungiswa kwezixazululo zezibulala-zinambuzane - ikakhulukazi, lokhu kujwayelekile esifundeni saseRostov ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lamanzi kumadamu kanye nemithombo engaphansi komhlaba. Nokho, kulo nyaka, amapulazi amancane atshala izitshalo ngaphansi kokunisela aye engeziwe enanini labathengi abavamile. Isidingo sokuqapha ukutshala okungapheli ngokuvakashelwa kochwepheshe kanye namasampula senyukile. Kanye nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa komanyolo we-organomineral, kwavela isidingo sokuwahlaziya ngokuqukethwe kwezakhi kanye nokuhlola ikhwalithi yale mikhiqizo. Futhi ekuqaleni kwesizini, ngenxa yokuqubuka kwe-Fusarium wilt katamatisi otshalwe endlini, inani lokuhlaziywa kwezitshalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenziwa kanye nezincomo ezikhishwe zokwakha uhlelo lokuvikela izitshalo zanda. Ukulungiselela isizini entsha, inani lamasampula embewu ye-phytoexamination kanye nokuzimisela kwezimfanelo zabo zokuhlwanyela liye landa.
Vera Platonova, inhloko yeqembu lesifunda "AgroLaboratory-Saransk", Saransk, Republic of Mordovia
Ngo-2023, imisebenzi eyinhloko yaselabhorethri kwakuwukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezinto zembewu (ukunqunywa kwezimfanelo zembewu, i-phytoexamination yembewu, ukukhishwa kwezincomo), izifundo ze-phytopathological zezinto zezitshalo (ukuxilongwa kokulimala kwezitshalo ngezifo zokukhunta ngezincomo zokuvikelwa kwezitshalo) , kanye nokuhlaziywa okuphelele kokuphepha kwezitshalo zasebusika. Saqala ukuthola izicelo ezengeziwe ezivela kubakhiqizi bezolimo zokuxilonga isimo sokusanhlamvu kwasebusika ngesikhathi sasebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuhlaziywa okuyinkimbinkimbi kufaka phakathi ukunquma ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo, okuqukethwe ushukela endaweni yokugaya, ukukhomba inani lezitshalo ezinezinambuzane ezingaphakathi kwesiqu, kucatshangelwa izinga lokulimala kwezitshalo yizinambuzane, kucatshangelwa ukwanda kwezifo zezitshalo zefungal. , ukuhlonza izinto zezitshalo zokutholakala kwe-nematode ye-parasitic kanye nezincomo zokuvikela izitshalo. Isidingo sokuhlola isimo sezitshalo zasebusika siyakhula, ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine imbewu yasentwasahlobo ukuze ifakwe kabusha ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka, futhi wenze izinqumo ezifika ngesikhathi mayelana nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali okwengeziwe kanye nokufakwa kukamanyolo.
Izinto zokuxhumana