Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ngeke kuswele amazambane athengiswayo eRussia kule sizini. Ngaphandle kwentwasahlobo ebandayo ende nokutshala okunenkinga, ngokusho kwe-Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" (ngemuva kwalokhu - i-AB-Center), kusukela ngoJuni 9, ngo-2018 bekukhona okungu-2,7% ngaphezulu obekutshalwe ngaphezu konyaka odlule (I-Fig. 1), futhi isikhathi sekwindla sabajabulisa abalimi bamazambane - ukuvuna kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba nguNovemba, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqoqa cishe konke okwakungahle kwenzeke. Ngakho-ke, i-AB-Center ibika ukuthi kusukela ngoNovemba 5, 2018, isivuno esikhulu emabhizinisini ezimboni sidlule izinkomba zonyaka odlule ngo-5,2% futhi saba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-6185,7.
U-Anastasia Borovkova, iNhloko Yezindawo Zamazambane, iJalimane uSid Alliance Russian LLC
U-Roman Semkov, Umphathi wezobuchwepheshe, iJalimani iSid Alliance Russian LLC
Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokuthengisa samanje asikazinikeli izizathu zenjabulo kubakhiqizi bamazambane
Ngenhlanhla, asiphumelelanga ukwephula “amarekhodi” amabi ka-2015 nango-2016, kepha uma siqhathanisa nedatha yango-2017, sibona amandla amabi (umdwebo 2). Ezinye izifunda (kufaka phakathi iRiphabhliki yaseBashkiria, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Sverdlovsk), zibhekane nokwehla okungakaze kube khona kwezidingo kanye namanani; abakhiqizi baphoqelekile ukuthi bathengise imikhiqizo yabo kuma-ruble angama-6-7 / kg.
Vele, amanani entengo kanye nokufunwa kuthinteka hhayi kuphela izinkomba zesivuno esikhulu, kepha ezinye izinto ezinkulu ze-macro- kanye ne-microeconomic zenqubo yemakethe, ezinjengevolumu yamazambane akhiqizwe iziza zasekhaya, amanani okushintshana eRussia nakwizindawo ezingomakhelwane, ikakhulukazi eKazakhstan, njll.
Ukuxhumana nabalimi, sivame ukuzwa ukuthi kuhlale kunentengo enhle yamazambane asezingeni eliphakeme. Ngabe kusho ukuthini imakethe yesimanje ngegama elithi "amazambane asezingeni eliphansi" nokuthi ungaqinisekisa kanjani leli khwalithi? Amapulazi amazambane aholayo agxile kakhulu ekuthengisweni ngamanethiwekhi wokusabalalisa angavumeli ukuphambuka okuncane kusuka kumazinga abo angaphakathi. Ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi akulula. Ukucabanga ngokubambisana nabo, umnotho kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlaziye amakhono alo bese unquma kahle izinhloso: umzabalazo wekhwalithi uqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhetha okuyikho kwezinhlobonhlobo.
Izinhlobo zanamuhla zeprimiyamu, ezifana, ngokwesibonelo, iNdlovukazi u-Anne, azinikezi kuphela isivuno esicebile kanye nokumaketha okuphezulu. Zakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthengiswa emaphepheni amancane, okugcina isikhathi eside kokubekeka kwisitoreji nashelangeni. Amazambane anjalo awaphenduki aphuzi isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokukhanya kwamalambu, awenzi mnyama ngemuva kokuhlanza nokuphuma, ngenkathi kulondolozwa inani lokudla okunempilo, i-trace element nokwakheka kukavithamini. Umkhiqizi, imikhiqizo ekhulayo yekhwalithi yeprimiyamu, unelungelo lokufuna intengo efanelekile yokuthenga kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa.
Ukubambelela ngqo kubuchwepheshe bezolimo, okuhlinzeka ukusetshenziswa okufika ngesikhathi kwezindlela ezifakiwe, zezolimo ezifakiwe, nakho akubalulekile kangako ekutholeni imikhiqizo esezingeni. Enye yazo, ukugcinwa kweqhwa.
Njengomthetho, amabhizinisi atholakala esifundeni i-Central Black Earth yezwe asebenzisa le ndlela ngenkuthalo. Kepha muva nje, sekufanele izindawo ezingakhalanga ngaphambili ngokuntuleka komswakama. Masikhumbule uMeyi noJuni 2018, lapho cishe zonke izifunda zengxenye yeYurophu yaseRussia zihlushwa isomiso, ezingakwazi kodwa ukuthinta ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo. Ngeke sinqande ukuphinda lesi simo ngesizini entsha. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo futhi ngokucophelela kwemvula yemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu.
NgoFebhuwari 2019 kwaba neqhwa futhi kwabangela izinkinga eziningi emadolobheni amakhulu. Kepha kubakhiqizi bezolimo, ubuningi beqhwa yithuba lokukhulisa izinqolobane zomswakama womhlabathi, futhi kufanele lisetshenziswe.
Ukugcinwa kweqhwa akusebenzisi nje kuphela ukuqongelela ikhava elinamandla leqhwa, kudala izimo zokuconswa okungcono kwamanzi ancibilikisiwe. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwengqimba egcwele iqhwa iyajula ngokujula, inyibilika ngokushesha entwasahlobo futhi ibambe amanzi ancibilikayo kangcono. Kuyiqiniso, ukuze uthole umphumela omkhulu kusuka ekugcinweni kweqhwa, kusukela ekwindla kuyadingeka ukufeza ukujula kwekwindla ekujuleni koqhekeko olungakheki kahle noma ukulima okujulile okuhlanganisiwe ngumhlanganisi oyinkimbinkimbi.
Umphumela omuhle kakhulu walokhu kusebenza utholakala kanye nokukhulula okujulile - ukuchezuka ekujuleni kwe-40-45 cm ekwindla. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kufika ku-40% wawo wonke amanzi ancibilikayo ageleza evela emasimini entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kweqhwa elinamandla. Ukugcinwa kweqhwa okulungile futhi okufika ngesikhathi kuyindlela efakazelwe ekhulisa kakhulu isivuno, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyomile.
NgoFebhuwari eRussia kuvame ukubonakala imimoya enamandla evunguza iqhwa emasimini. Ukulima kweqhwa (ukuwa kweqhwa ngaphesheya kwendlela yemimoya ekhona) kuzosiza ekugwemeni ukulahleka, okuzovikela ikhava leqhwa ukuthi lingadilizwa.
Ukuphindeka kukhulu kakhulu kuqashelwa ngemuva kwekwindla elimanzi nobusika obubandayo, nesembozo seqhwa esiphansi, lapho inhlabathi iqina iba yingxenye yeqhwa futhi ingakwazi ukugcina umswakama. Ukuphuma kwamanzi kungavinjelwa nangosizo lweqhwa, ukusika imisele ngaphesheya kwendlela eqonde emthambekeni entwasahlobo. Ungakhohlwa esinye isici sesici sesizini ka-2018: yisiphethu eside nesibandayo. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi, iqhwa lancibilika kancane, inhlabathi isikhathi eside yafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokomzimba, ayizange ifudumale futhi ayizange ivume ukuqala ukusebenza. Inkampani yokuhlwanyela yacishe yadlula izinsuku eziyi-10; kwezinye izifunda, izinsalela ezivela ezinsukwini ezijwayelekile zazifika emavikini amabili.
Lesi sikhathi singafinyezwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusheshisiwe beqhwa. Ngokusobala, lapho iqhwa lincibilika ngokushesha, umhlaba uyoma ngokushesha futhi ukufudumele, okuzovumela ukuthi kungene insimu ngaphambili.
Kepha ukuze usebenzise le ndlela, ukulungiselela kuyadingeka, futhi isikhathi esihle kakhulu ngamasonto okugcina asebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukulungisa ivolumu edingekayo yesihlabathi noma umlotha bese uwafaka ngesisabalalisi sikamanyolo. Umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngemichilo ngesikhawu samamitha ayi-10 kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphesheya kokuya emthambekeni. Isithwathwa ensimini enjalo ngeke sincibilike kakhulu, kepha ngokulinganayo, kancane, amanzi azolala emapheshana ahlanganisiwe, ekugcineni azovumela umswakama omningi ukuba ungene.
Njengoba kufakazelwe yiminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni sezinto zakudala, lezi zinhlelo, ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi futhi ngokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe, zinikezela ngokwanda okubonakalayo komkhiqizo futhi zibe nomthelela omuhle ekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, obaluleke kakhulu emakethe yokuncintisana kakhulu. Sicebisa abatshali bamazambane ukuthi bazisebenzise ekuziphatheni futhi ngifisela wonke umuntu isivuno esihle kakhulu.