U-Olga Bulai, uMphathi weHhovisi le-CIS kanye neSifunda, u-G. Larsson Starch Technology
Amazambane njengesitshalo sezolimo esitshalwe ngenhloso yokucubungula ibe isitashi ngokuvamile abhekwa njengengathembisi - ebiza u-13-20% wesitashi esiqhathaniswa no-67-70% wommbila nokolweni. Kodwa uma ecaphuna lezi zibalo, abantu abacabangi ukuthi, ngokwesitashi, amazambane ayakwazi ukunikeza okuningi ngehektha ngalinye lendawo ehlwanyelwe kunokuba okuthiwa "isitashi esiphezulu" sikakolweni nommbila.
Yebo, ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi samazambane kuyinkathi yonyaka, futhi ngalokhu engqondweni, ukucubungula okusanhlamvu kuyibhizinisi elizinzile, nokho.
Akunakwenzeka ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwesitashi samazambane, kunezakhiwo ezikhethekile ezibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi.
Amabhizinisi esimanje ase-Europe alungisa amazambane ayizinkimbinkimbi ze-agro-industrial. Empini yokuthola inzuzo, wonke amaphesenti esitashi abalulekile kubo (kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwesitashi ngo-1%, inzuzo ikhuphuka cishe ngo-5%), ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe, ukuhlinzekwa okuphakathi kwabalimi. ngezinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokwethulwa kwezinqubo zezolimo ezithuthuke kakhulu.
Isikhathi eside, umgomo wamabhizinisi anjalo kwakuwukuthola inani eliphezulu lesitashi futhi ulethe umkhiqizo ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa abakhiqizi abahamba phambili, sebefinyelele "uphahla" kulezi zindawo, bacabange ukuthi yini enye abangayenza ukuze bakhulise inzuzo yokukhiqiza kanye nokuncintisana kwabo emakethe. Amehlo abo aphendukela emikhiqizweni okwase kuyisikhathi eside ibhekwa njengemikhiqizo - lena ijusi yamazambane kanye nefayibha yamazambane.
Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, le mikhiqizo yayivame ukudayiswa njengemfucuza yokukhiqiza: i-fiber eluhlaza engageziwe yayisetshenziselwa ukudla kwezinkomo, ijusi.
ampontshelwa emachibini okugcina bese esetshenziselwa ukunisela amasimu.
Isicelo esinjalo sivunyelwe ngisho namanje, kodwa izixazululo ezinenzuzo enkulu ziye zavela. Ngakho, amazambane wageza futhi omisiwe
i-fiber ibonakale iyi-fibre ewusizo yokudla, engenayo i-gluten nezinye izinto ezingezwani nomzimba, futhi isetshenziswa embonini yokubhaka neyokulungisa inyama.
Futhi abacubungula bafunda ukuthi bangawathola kanjani amaprotheni amazambane asezingeni lokudla kujusi. Uma sikhuluma nje, ubuchwepheshe bokwehlisa iphrotheni equkethwe kujusi yamazambane bathuthukiswa kudala, kodwa umkhiqizo wokugcina, iphrotheni ebaluleke kakhulu ngokuya ngokwakheka kwayo kwe-amino acid, ekuqaleni wawulungele ifolishi kuphela.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ochwepheshe benze umsebenzi omningi, futhi manje, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga i-membrane nokomisa ngobumnene kuma-spray dryers, sekwenzeke ukukhiqiza iphrotheni encibilika emanzini enezakhiwo ezisebenza kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye yejusi esele ngemva kokukhishwa kweprotheni ayisetshenziswa, kodwa ingaphansi kokuhwamuka. Umphumela wokusebenza uwukuthi
ukuthola i-protamilassa (i-liquefied mineral fertilizer, ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwemikhiqizo ye-organic) kanye ne-distillate engasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukungenisa kwamanzi emseleni wamanzi noma emithonjeni engaphansi komhlaba.
Umjikelezo ogcwele ochazwe uvaliwe, ovumela ukukhiqizwa ukusebenza ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo endaweni. Izibonelo zamabhizinisi anjalo amafekthri amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe eSweden, eDenmark naseJalimane, avame ukuba phakathi kwedolobha. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe nemishini emazweni ahamba phambili ekukhiqizeni isitashi samazambane eYurophu kuye kwaholela ekunciphiseni izindleko zemvelo kanye nokwanda kwemali engenayo, ngoba amaprotheni (1600-3000 euros / ton noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngekhwalithi. ), i-fiber (cishe i-1800 euros/ton) kanye ne-protamilassa (ama-euro angu-40/ton) zakha isabelo esibalulekile senzuzo.
Yiqiniso, amaphrojekthi anjalo abonakala ngomfutho wemali ephezulu. Futhi emazweni e-CIS, lokhu akuyona inkinga kuphela lapho
ukucubungula izitshalo ziyashayisana. Amabhizinisi abhekene nobunzima ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nemakethe engashintshile, ingasaphathwa eyohlobo lwemali nezinye izingozi.
Kodwa noma kunjalo, sithemba ukuthi isibonelo sokukhiqizwa kweYurophu maduze sizosakazwa endaweni ye-post-Soviet. Kunoma yikuphi, isiqalo sesivele senziwe - ngokuqaliswa kwe-Central Plains Group - iphrojekthi ye-CPG Ukraine "Green Planet". I-"Green Planet" iyibhizinisi le
ukukhiqizwa okungenamfucuza kwesitashi samazambane kanye nokuphuma kwawo - amaprotheni nefayibha, kanye neminye imikhiqizo evela kumazambane ane-carbon footprint encane. Isigaba sokuqala sesitshalo sizokwethulwa esifundeni saseLviv ekupheleni kuka-2021.
Amazambane obuchwepheshe kuphela azosebenza njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza. I-CPG ihlela ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwamazambane aphezulu e-starch premium technical.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezimbonini ezinjalo, ukukala kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma uphakeme umthamo womugqa, ukhokha ngokushesha: isibonelo, izindleko zomugqa we-Larsson ojwayelekile onomthamo ophindwe kabili zihluka kowangaphambili cishe izikhathi ezingu-1,3.
Okusho ukuthi, umugqa wokucubungula amathani angama-30 wamazambane ngehora uzobiza ngo-15-30% kune-40-ton one.
Kunoma ikuphi, ukutshalwa kwezimali okunamandla ngokwezomnotho ekukhiqizeni isitashi kusuka kumazambane kufinyelele amashumi ezigidi zama-euro. Ukuqonda isikali somsebenzi ongaphambi kwawo, i-CPG, ngokwesibonelo, ithole ukusekelwa kuhlelo lwe-USAID Competitive Economy of Ukraine.
Sengiphetha, siyaphinda futhi sigcizelela ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi anjengalawa kudinga imizamo ebalulekile ngabadlali abahamba phambili kwezamabhizinisi ezolimo, ngokwesekwa ngokufanele uhulumeni. Kodwa kuwukutshalwa kwezimali ekusaseni eliphumelelayo.