Alexander Skvortsov, Inhloko Amazambane, SumiAgro
Isizini ka-2021, njengedlule, izokhunjulwa abalimi bamazambane baseRussia ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingesona esivuma kakhulu. Isomiso futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqiza okuncane ezindaweni eziningi, ukushoda kwesivuno esiphelele ezweni lonke. Bambalwa ababelindele isimo esinjalo. Ngakho-ke, isiphetho esilula siyaziphakamisa - ukwenza izibikezelo zesivuno, ikakhulukazi lapho ukhula emhlabathini owomile, kuwumsebenzi ongenakubonga, isimo sezulu "singalungisa" noma yiziphi izibalo. Kubalulekile ukwakha ubuchwepheshe mayelana nokwenza kahle kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezingalindelekile nezimo ezihlukahlukene.
Inkampani ye-SumiAgro ihlale inikeza abalimi izixazululo ezithembekile ezisebenzayo. Kusukela ngo-2021, iphothifoliyo yenkampani ifake i-Prestige® insect-fungicide dressing agent. Lo mkhiqizo uvikela ngokuthembekile izithombo zamazambane ku-pathogen eyinhloko - isifo se-rhizoctonia, futhi ulawula izinambuzane engxenyeni yokuqala yenkathi yokukhula.
Yini eshintshile ku-Prestige® Treater? I-SumiAgro ilahle ukwakhiwa ngaphakathi kwezwe futhi yabuyisela ikhwalithi ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, umkhiqizo ukhiqizwa futhi emafektri aseYurophu. Kodwa akugcini lapho: entwasahlobo ka-2021, ngesisekelo se-VNIIF, kwabekwa ukuhlolwa kwezingxube zethangi le-Prestige® ne-azoxystrobin (1 l / ha yokulungiswa) kanye ne-thiophanate-methyl (imithamo emibili 1,0 kanye ne-1,5 l / ha ukulungiselela). I-Thiophanate-methyl iyisithako esisebenzayo sesikhunta se-Topsin-M® (500 g / l), esisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvikela okusanhlamvu ekuboleni kwezimpande. Emhlabeni, futhi, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika, i-molecule ye-thiophanate-methyl isetshenziswa ezitshalweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukugqoka imbewu yamazambane. I-spectrum yezifo ezilawulwayo ibanzi kakhulu. Ngo-2021, imbewu yohlobo lwezambane lase-Arizona yasetshenziselwa ukusetha isilingo, ithinteke kakhulu i-rhizoctonia (7%), utwayi lwesiliva (15%) kanye ne-anthracnose (4%). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-tubers atshalwe ensimini yokuhlola lapho amazambane atshalwa khona iminyaka eminingana. Ngakho, izifundo zenziwa ngokumelene nesizinda esiphezulu esithathelwanayo samagciwane ahlukahlukene amazambane... Izingxube zamathangi zazisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ukulawulwa kokhula okujwayelekile kanye nokwelashwa okuyisibulala-sikhunta okuyisithupha nakho kwenziwa.
№ п / п | Inketho | Uhlobo lokucubungula | Izinga lokusetshenziswa komuthi |
1 | I-Prestige® | Ukwethulwa kwezidakamizwa emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokutshala | (3 l/ha) |
2 | I-Prestige® + Topsin M® | Ukwethulwa kwezidakamizwa emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokutshala | (3 l/ha) + (1,0 l/ha) |
3 | I-Prestige® + Topsin M® | Ukwethulwa kwezidakamizwa emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokutshala | (3 l/ha) + (1,5 l/ha) |
4 | I-Prestige® + azoxystrobin 250 g / l | Ukwethulwa kwezidakamizwa emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokutshala | (3 l/ha) + (1,0 l/ha) |
5 | Lawula (ngaphandle kwesampula) | Ngaphandle kokucubungula | - |
Amarekhodi ezinga lezitshalo ezihlaselwe yi-rhizoctoniae enziwa kathathu isizini ngayinye ngezigaba: ukuhluma okugcwele, ukuqhakaza, kanye nosuku ngaphambi kokuvuna. Ukuhlasela kwezitshalo nge-anthracnose kwahlolwa usuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuvuna. Ukutheleleka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinoqweqwe lwesiliva nefusarium kwahlolwa emasontweni ayi-5 ngemva kokuvuna kusetshenziswa indlela eqondile (MA Kuznetsova, 2007). Kutholwe imiphumela ethokozisayo (bona ithebula elingezansi).
Imingcele ye-Phytometric yezitshalo zamazambane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-Rhizoctonia solani ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhula kwezitshalo (izinhlobonhlobo ze-Arizona, VNIIF, Ramenskaya Gorka, 2021)
Cha. | Izinketho | Isilinganiso senani leziqu (ama-pcs / isihlahla) | 1Inani leziqu ezithintekile,% | 2Inani leziqu ezithintekile,% | 3Inani leziqu ezithintekile,% | Izinga elimaphakathi lokulimala kweziqu, amaphuzu | I-average degree of stolon infestation, amaphuzu | 3Ukulimala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngesikhathi sokuvuna,% |
1 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) | 5,41 / 5,522/ 5,53 | 1,3 | 3,8 | 11,4 | amayunithi1... / 0,32/ 0,43 | amayunithi1 / iyunithi2 / iyunithi3 | 03 |
2 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) + Topsin-M® (1,0 l/ha) | 5,5 / 5,5 / 5,5 | 1,5 | 4,1 | 10,8 | amayunithi / 0,3 / 0,4 | amayunithi / iyunithi / iyunithi | 03 |
3 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) + Topsin-M® (1,5 l/ha) | 5,6 / 5,5 / 5,5 | 1,2 | 3,7 | 7,1 | amayunithi / 0,2 / 0,3 | iyunithi / iyunithi / iyunithi | 03 |
4 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) + azoxystrobin 250 g/l (1,0 l/ha) | 5,5 / 5,6 / 5,5 | 0 | 1,2 | 3,6 | 0 / iyunithi / 0,2 | amayunithi / iyunithi / iyunithi | 03 |
7 | Lawula (akukho ukucutshungulwa) | 4,5 / 4,5 / 4,4 | 26,2 | 56,1 | 60,3 | 1,0 / 2,0 / 2,0 | 1,0 / 2,0 / 2,0 | 0 |
NDS0,95 | 0,2 / 0,2 / 0,3 | 3,0 | 3,2 | 4,0 | 0/0,2/0,3 | 0/1 | - |
2 lapho kucatshangelwa esigabeni sokuqhakaza kwezitshalo
3 ngosuku olwandulela ukuvuna
I-Prestige® ibonakale ingumkhiqizo osebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene ne-rhizoctonia. Ukwengezwa kwe-Topsin-M® kanye ne-azoxystrobin njengozakwethu kwandisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kunciphisa umonakalo weziqu phakathi nazo zonke izibalo ezintathu. Umphumela omkhulu unikezwe ngokungezwa kwe-Topsin-M® 1,5 l kanye ne-azoxystrobin (250 g / l) 1,0 l / ha, ekusebenzeni okungekho umehluko ophawulekayo wezibalo ekubalweni kwesibili nesesithathu. Zonke izinketho zinikeze ukuvikelwa kwamaphesenti ayikhulu ama-stolons futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, izilimo eziyizigaxa, kanye nezidakamizwa zenze umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ngomsebenzi ngaphandle kokwengeza abalingani.
Ukutheleleka kwezitshalo zamazambane nge-anthracnose ezigabeni zokugcina zokuthuthuka,% (izinhlobonhlobo ze-Arizona, VNIIF, Ramenskaya Gorka, 2021.)
Cha. | Izinketho | Ukutheleleka kwezitshalo nge-anthracnose,% |
1 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) | 12,6 |
2 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) + Topsin-M® (1,0 l/ha) | 9,7 |
3 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) + Topsin-M® (1,5 l/ha) | 8,6 |
4 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) + azoxystrobin 250 g/l (1,0 l/ha) | 5,3 |
5 | Lawula (akukho ukucutshungulwa) | 14,3 |
NDS0,95 | 3,9 |
Umphumela ofanayo waphawulwa ekulawuleni i-anthracnose, ukusetshenziswa kwezingxube zethangi kwandisa ukulawulwa kwaleli pathogen, inani eliphakeme laphinde lanikezwa yi-Topsin-M® 1,5 l / ha ne-azoxystrobin (250 g / l) 1,0 l / ha.
Ukutheleleka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ezinoqweqwe olujwayelekile, utwayi lwesiliva kanye nokubola okuphuzi kwe-fusarium,% (izinhlobonhlobo ze-Arizona, VNIIF, "Ramenskaya Gorka", 2021)
Cha. | Izinketho | Ukutheleleka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinotwayi olujwayelekile,% | Ukuthandwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinoqweqwe olusiliva, *% | Ukutheleleka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngokubola okuphuzi kwe-fusarium,% |
1 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) | 0 | 3,2 | 2,2 |
2 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) + Topsin-M® (1,0 l/ha) | 0 | 2,7 | 1,9 |
3 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) + Topsin-M® (1,5 l/ha) | 0 | 2,8 | 2,3 |
4 | I-Prestige® (3 l/ha) + azoxystrobin 250 g/l (1,0 l/ha) | 0 | 1,8 | 2,2 |
7 | Lawula (akukho ukucutshungulwa) | 0 | 9,7 | 2,3 |
NDS0,95 | 0 | 1,5 | 0,9 |
Izimo zika-2021 azizange zibe nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni uqweqwe oluvamile: ukwakheka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kwenzeka ngesikhathi semvula enkulu futhi, ngokufanele, umswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi, obungavumeli i-actinomycete ukuthi ingene ezigabeni ezakha izinhlobo zamazambane. E-Arizona. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlolwa, ukwehla okukhulu ekunqotshweni kotwayi oluyisiliva kwaphawulwa uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula (izikhathi ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu), okuhlanganisa lapho kusetshenzwa nge-Prestige® ngendlela ehlanzekile, okufakazela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-pencycuron ngokumelene leli pathogen. Ukwengezwa kwe-thiophanate-methyl kuyo yomibili imithamo kanye ne-azoxystrobin kuqhubeke kwehlisa isilonda sotwayi olusiliva. Zombili izifo zazibalwa emavikini angu-5 ngemva kokuba izilimo eziyizigaxa zibekwe ukuze zigcinwe.
Imiphumela yesivuno ikhonjisiwe kuthebula elingezansi.
Isivuno samazambane (НСР 0,95= 27,5) kanye nokumaketheka kwama-tubers ezinhlobonhlobo eziqhathaniswa zokuhlolwa, i-Arizona, VNIIF, "Ramenskaya Gorka", 2021, (NSR) 0,95 = 3,7)
Ukwanda kwesivuno samazambane ezinhlobonhlobo ezihloliwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa okuvikelwe (ukwelashwa okuyisithupha ngama-fungicides ngokumelene nokulimaza sekwephuzile kanye ne-Alternaria) kusuka ku-41,4 kuye ku-52,2 c / ha. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Prestige® (3 l / ha) + Topsin-M® (1,5 l / ha), Prestige® (3 l / ha) + azoxystrobin 250 g / l (1,0 l / ha) kubonise ukusebenza kahle okukhulu ngokumelene namagciwane. I-Rhizoctonia solani, I-Colletotrichum amakhodi, I-Helminthosporium solani... Kube nokukhula kokudayiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kusuka ku-78% kuya ku-87-89%. Ukwengezwa ekulawuleni (ngokwelashwa kwesikhunta okuyisithupha) kwaba ngu-52,2 no-49,4 c/ha, ngokulandelana. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinketho awubalulekile ngokwezibalo, zisebenza ngokulinganayo. Cishe umehluko ophindwe kabili ezindlekweni zenkambiso yehektare lemithi yozakwethu uphakamisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezomnotho kwenketho ye-Prestige® 3,0 l/ha + Topsin-M® 1,5 l/ha. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kwezinambuzane-fungicidal Prestige® kuyisivikelo esinokwethenjelwa sezithombo futhi singasebenza njengesisekelo esihle kakhulu sezingxube zethangi (zokucubungula amasimu anesizinda esiphezulu esithathelwanayo).
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukusho ukuthi manje asikho isixazululo esikahle engxenyeni yezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane zokugqoka. Abantu abaningi bazijwayeza ukuxuba amathangi, futhi i-Prestige® iyisisekelo esithembekile kubo. Yilokhu kanye okuhlangenwe nakho okuchazwe ngenhla okubonisile.