U-Alena Arkhangelskaya, iPhini likaMqondisi Wezentengiselwano we-Agronomic Support, i-PhosAgro-Volga
Okusanhlamvu kwasebusika kubalulekile ekuqalisweni komsebenzi wokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu, njengoba kunesivuno esiphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokusanhlamvu kwasentwasahlobo.
Isici sokukhula kwezitshalo zasebusika yisikhathi sokukhula eside kanye nokuhlukaniswa komjikelezo wempilo yezitshalo zibe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala iwe ekwindla: ukusuka ekuhlwanyeleni kuya kusithwathwa esiqhubekayo. Eyesibili ivuselelwa entwasahlobo futhi iphetha ngokubunjwa kwezindlebe nokufa kwezitshalo. Isivuno sokusanhlamvu kwasebusika ngezinga elifanayo kuncike ezimweni zenkambo yazo zombili izikhathi.
Ezitshalweni zokusanhlamvu zasebusika, isigaba se-vernalization senzeka ekwindla-ebusika. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezilungiselela izitshalo kulesi sigaba ukudla okulinganiselayo kwamaminerali.
Ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngenani elidingekayo le-phosphorus ne-potassium emazingeni okushisa avumayo kanye nobude bosuku olufanele kunomthelela enkambweni ehamba kancane yenqubo yokuqina kanye nokutholwa kokuqina kobusika kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa. Ukuqina kwasebusika kwezitshalo kuncike kakhulu emandleni okubamba amanzi e-protoplasm. Ukulawulwa kombuso wamanzi akubandakanyi ukufa kwezitshalo zasebusika ngenxa yokweqisa noma ukuntuleka komswakama. I-Phosphorus ilawula ibhalansi yamanzi ezinto eziphilayo zezitshalo, ithuthukisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi futhi ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwesistimu yezimpande eqinile. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukukhula nokwakheka kwesistimu yezimpande yesibili kuqhubeka kuze kube yisigaba sesihloko, izitshalo zidinga i-phosphorus kusukela ekuhlumeni kuya ekwakhekeni kwezindlebe.
Kuze kube amasonto amane ubudala, izitshalo ezincane zokusanhlamvu zithatha i-phosphorus eningi kumanyolo asetshenzisiwe, futhi kamuva, ngokwakhiwa kwesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukisiwe, emhlabathini. Ngasikhathi sinye, indlala ye-phosphorus ngalesi sikhathi iholela ekwehleni kokukhiqiza okusanhlamvu ngo-30-37%. Ukuntuleka kwezinhlobo ezitholakalayo ze-phosphorus phakathi naso sonke isigaba sokuvunwa kwembewu kuholela ekuhlulekeni okuphelele kokuvuna okusanhlamvu, kodwa ngokwakheka okungenzeka kwesivuno esivamile sotshani. Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus okusele entwasahlobo, ngemva kokuba izitshalo zishiya ubusika, nakho kunciphisa kakhulu isivuno sonke, futhi isivuno sokusanhlamvu singase siwele ku-zero.
Ibhalansi ye-phosphorus ne-nitrogen ekudleni kwamaminerali ezitshalo ngokuyinhloko kuncike kuzakhiwo ze-synergistic zezakhi. Umsoco we-ammonium ezitshalweni uqoqa i-phosphorus eningi kunomsoco we-nitrate. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlala ye-phosphorus ibambezela ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen ezitshalweni, okuholela ekuqoqweni kwe-nitrate nitrogen emikhiqizweni.
Ibhalansi ye-potassium ne-nitrogen nayo ibalulekile. Ekulambeni kwe-potassium, i-nitrogen ayisetshenziswa ngokugcwele, ikakhulukazi uma umthombo wayo kuyifomu le-ammonia. I-Potassium inesibopho sokuqoqwa kwenani elidingekayo lezinto zepulasitiki ezigcinwe ezitshalweni ngaphambi kokulala, ikakhulukazi ushukela. Isitokwe siyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezitshalo zasebusika. Umthamo ogcwele womanyolo we-potash kufanele unikezwe isitshalo ekufakweni okuyinhloko kwangaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Ukudla okunomsoco we-nitrogen kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngaso sonke isikhathi sokukhula, ngenxa yokungaqini nokukhanya kwesici emhlabathini. Kodwa kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukudla okunomsoco we-nitrogen ngokweqile ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kubangela ukukhula okunamandla kwezitshalo nezihlahla ezinamandla. Ukuqoqwa okusheshayo kwenqwaba ye-overground, ne-lag ekwakhekeni kwesistimu yezimpande, kuholela ekuwohlokeni kokuqina kwezitshalo ngaphambi kobusika, ukwanda kokulimala kotshani ngezifo zesikhunta, ukuhlaliswa kokusanhlamvu kanye nokuncipha komkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu.
Ukubekwa kwesivuno sokusanhlamvu kwenzeka entwasahlobo, phakathi nenkathi kusukela ekulimeni kuya eqabungeni lefulegi. Esigabeni se-tillering, amahlumela engeziwe ayakhiwa - inani eliphelele leziqu ezikhiqizayo. Khona-ke, esigabeni sokungena ku-tube, ama-spikelets akhiwa. Esigabeni seqabunga lefulegi, inani lezinhlamvu ku-spikelet liyanqunywa, futhi ngemva kokuqhakaza i-caryopsis iyakhula. Zonke lezi zinqubo zidinga ukunikezwa okwanele kwe-nitrogen ne-solar insolation.
Ukudalwa kwezimo ezivumayo zokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zasebusika ekwindla kunomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kangcono komswakama kanye nemithombo yezakhi yizitshalo entwasahlobo. Ngokuqala kokushisa okuzinzile, bakhulisa ngokushesha isisindo sabo semifino futhi bahlupheke ngaphansi kwesomiso sasentwasahlobo sesomiso sasentwasahlobo. Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezitshalo zasebusika nakho kuzivikela emimoyeni eyomile.
Lapho usuka ebusika, izitshalo ziba buthaka futhi zisengozini yamagciwane kanye nezifo ezikhunta. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukugqoka kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, kusebenze izinqubo zokuvuselela. Umsoco wezimpande osebenza kahle kakhulu ukhuthaza ukukhula kwesistimu yezimpande yesibili kanye nokuqoqwa kwenqwaba yemifino. Izakhamzimba ezivela enhlabathini ezisuka ezimpandeni ezigudle i-xylem zikhuphukela emaqabunga, lapho zimuncwa futhi zigaywe zibe izinto eziphilayo, ngemva kwalokho zibe ukudla, bese zibuyela ezimpandeni. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo zasebusika aziphenduli nje kuphela ekuvundiseni i-nitrogen entwasahlobo, kodwa futhi ne-phosphorus, eqinisekisa ukuhluma kwezitshalo futhi ithuthukise ukwakheka kohlelo lwezimpande lwesibili. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuphakela izitshalo ngamaqabunga nezimpande nge-ammonium ortho- kanye ne-polyphosphates ephuma kumanyolo i-APALIQUA® NP 11:37 (ZhKU). Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezitshalo zokusanhlamvu zasebusika I-APALIQUA® NP 11:37 (ZhKU) esigabeni sokutshala kuzofaka isandla ekwandeni kwe-coefficient yokutshala, ukuqoqwa kwe-vegetative mass, ukwakheka kokusanhlamvu kwekhwalithi ephezulu, okuzovumela ukwanda Veza.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwezilimo zokusanhlamvu zasebusika, inhlabathi kumele ibe nesibabule, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-boron, ithusi nezinye izakhi zokulandelela. Ucwaningo lufakazela ukuthi ukunikeza izitshalo zikakolweni ebusika inani elidingekayo le-meso- kanye nama-microelements kwandisa ukukhiqizwa okusanhlamvu ngo-0,32-0,47 t / ha kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni angu-1-2%.
Njengoba ukusebenza kwe-meso- kanye nama-microelements kuhloswe ekwakhekeni kokumelana namagciwane kanye nenkambo evumayo yesigaba se-vernalization, kungcono ukwethula ama-microelements enhlabathini njengengxenye yomanyolo wamaminerali osebenza isikhathi eside. Enye yezinzuzo zabo ukuhlinzekwa okuqondile kwezakhi zokulandelela ohlelweni lwezimpande zezitshalo. Lokhu, okokuqala, akubandakanyi ukushoda kwezakhi zokulandelela phakathi nenkathi yokukhula kanye nezikhathi ezingenzeka zokucindezeleka kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isomiso somkhathi sinciphisa i-turgor yamaseli ezitshalo. Ngokuntuleka komswakama we-intracellular, usawoti ogxilile ovela ekwakhiweni komanyolo we-micronutrient ngesikhathi sokuphakelwa kwama-foliar ungaba nomthelela onobuthi ezitshalweni - kubangele ukucindezeleka kukasawoti. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kokugqoka ama-foliar ngesikhathi sesomiso kungakhubaza indawo yezitshalo ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-photosynthesis, okunomthelela ekuhlanganiseni okusebenzayo koshukela. Kodwa ukuntuleka komswakama kunciphisa ukunyakaza kwabo kwangaphakathi, okubangela "i-jam" kashukela, kumise ngokuphelele izinqubo ze-metabolic esitshalweni.
Namuhla umugqa womanyolo wamaminerali okhiqizwe yiPhosAgro unemikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-50. Umanyolo ungaqukatha imisoco emi-2 kuye kwayi-8. I-granule ngayinye iqukethe izakhamzimba ezilinganisweni ezishiwo.
Ngomsoco oyinhloko wezimpande zezitshalo zasebusika lapho uhlwanyela ekwindla, sincoma imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium:
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 10:26:26 (2) + B kanye ne-NPK (S) 10:26:26 (2) + Zn,
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 8:20:30 (2) + B kanye ne-NPK (S) 8:20:30 (2) + Zn,
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 15:15:15 (10) + B kanye ne-NPK (S) 15:15:15 (10) + Zn,
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (IZI-) 5:15:30 (5) + B.
Okuningi ngomanyolo wamaminerali we-PhosAgro:
+7 (495) 232-96-89