Izinganekwane eziningana ezivamile mayelana nemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo eziphilayo zizochithwa uchwepheshe emkhakheni wakhe - umqondisi nomsunguli wenkampani emisha i-MIKOPRO Anna Sergeevna Mishina.
Usizo: Inkampani ye-MIKOPRO yasungulwa ngo-2013 ngenhloso yokuletha emakethe intuthuko yesayensi ye-Federal Budgetary Institution of Science ye-SRC VB "Vector" yedolobha lesayensi laseKoltsovo futhi liqhuba intuthuko yalo emkhakheni wezolimo.
Inganekwane: Isayensi yezinto eziphilayo ayisebenzi ekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo.
Okuyiqiniso: Amalungiselelo ebhayoloji awabangeli ukumelana (umlutha) ezinambuzaneni, abulale (cindezela) izinambuzane noma izifo, athuthukise futhi anothise inhlabathi.
Emsebenzini wami, ngivame ukuhlangana nombono wokuthi amalungiselelo ezinto eziphilayo azikwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezinambuzane nezifo. Ekulweni nezifo noma izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi i-nematode, kuyadingeka ukuxilonga ngokunembile inkinga kanye nezinga lokutheleleka. Njengamanje, ama-laboratories azimele asebenza ngesisekelo sezikhungo eziningi, ezingakwazi ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yamasampula enhlabathi kanye nezitshalo.
Cabanga ngesibonelo sokutheleleka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa noma amasimu ane-nematode. Isazi sezolimo namahlathi asikwazi njalo ukuhlonza ngokunembile inkinga: akunzima ukuphuthelwa isikhathi sokusabalala kwe-nematode, ngoba ezigabeni zokuqala izimpawu ensimini ngokuvamile azibonakali; lapho i-tuber yonakaliswa yi-nematode, ezinye izifo (ibhaktheriya ne-fungal) zithuthuka, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukulwa akuyona "impande", okwandisa kuphela ukusabalala kwezinambuzane. Ngokungcoliswa okunamandla kwenhlabathi nge-nematode, ukulwa nayo kungathatha iminyaka eminingana. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi kuzalwa umbono wokuthi isayensi yezinto eziphilayo ayisebenzi nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kufana nokushisa okuphezulu - isigamu sabantu siphuza ama-antibiotics (kithi, basebenzisa amakhemikhali), enye ingxenye ithola ezinye izindlela (izidakamizwa eziphilayo), ezisekelwe endleleni yemvelo yokulwa nesifo. Ngokutheleleka okunamandla, kuzo zombili izimo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amanani akhuphukayo ezidakamizwa. Kodwa! Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ngemva kokusetshenziswa "ama-antibiotics", ikakhulukazi nge umthamo anda, umzimba (umhlabathi) udinga ukwelashwa (ukubuyisela).
Amalungiselelo ebhayoloji asekelwe ezinkingeni ezisebenzayo zama-microorganisms, okuthi ngesikhathi somsebenzi anothisa inhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo. Isibonelo, isikhunta esidliwayo, esakha isisekelo sokulungiselela ukulwa nama-nematodes, ngesikhathi somsebenzi wabo wokuphila ukhulula ama-compounds emhlabathini oguqula ama-phosphates abe yifomu eligayeka isitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela lingathuthukisi umhlabathi kuphela, kodwa. iphinde inikeze ukukhuthazwa okuthile kokukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokwandisa amasosha omzimba okuzivikela. Isibonelo, isikhunta esihlaselayo ngesisekelo somuthi wokulwa nama-nematodes (approx. Isikhunta se-nematophagous sohlobo lwe-Arthrobotrys kanye ne-Duddingtonia - intuthuko entsha enelungelo lobunikazi ngokubamba iqhaza kososayensi abavela ku-FBSI SRC WB "Vector"), enkambweni yomsebenzi obalulekile, ama-compounds akhululwa emhlabathini aguqula ama-phosphates abe yifomu eligaywe isitshalo, elikhuthaza ukukhula futhi likhulise ukuzivikela kokuzivikela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo ezinto eziphilayo (sikhuluma ngalawo esiwakhiqizayo) akulimazi isitshalo, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuthuthukisa i-microbiota ezungeze isitshalo, inikeza ukuvikelwa ngokuphumelelayo. Uma sikhuluma ngamakhemikhali: uma inkambiso yamakhemikhali inganele ukulwa nezinambuzane noma izifo, asebenza ezinambuzaneni njenge "graft" - athuthukisa kuphela imisebenzi yokuvikela yezinambuzane futhi enze ukumelana. Khona-ke kuyoba nzima nakakhulu ukubhekana nezinambuzane ezinjalo "eziqinisiwe".
Inganekwane: I-Biologics ingenziwa uwena kalula, inqobo nje uma kunomthamo owanele kanye nesiko lamasiko.
Okuyiqiniso: I-Biotechnology isayensi esekelwe eminyakeni eminingi yocwaningo lwesayensi.
Cishe wonke umuntu uzwile mayelana namalungiselelo asekelwe kusikhunta se-Trichoderma. Ikhowe elidume kakhulu cishe wonke umlimi ozama ukuzala. Amakhowe ohlobo lwe-Trichoderma anezinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobo: isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-Lignorum lwenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokubola imfucumfucu yezitshalo, kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi lunikeze usizo olubambekayo ekulweni nezifo. I-Harzianum, ngokuphambene nalokho, isebenza ngenkuthalo ngokumelene nezifo ze-fungal ne-bacterial, icindezela isikhunta se-phytopathogenic ngesikhathi sokuqala somthelela wazo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Amalungiselelo ezinto eziphilayo asekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezikhethiwe zama-microorganisms, ama-consortium azo akhethwe ngokukhethekile, afuywa, njll. Uma uhlobo lungakhiqizwa kabusha ngendlela efanele, izakhiwo zalo ziyalahleka, futhi ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi kuyancipha. I-Quality biology ayilona nje uketshezi oluhlakazeke “emgqonyeni onomsoco”.
Inganekwane 3: Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuze isebenze, izimo eziningi kufanele zihlangabezane.
Iqiniso: Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha umuthi ofana nokuxilongwa futhi uwuthenge kumkhiqizi othembekile.
Njengomthetho, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo akubangeli ubunzima obuthile, noma kunjalo, kunomthetho obalulekile ovame ukunganakwa - funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa, gcina izimo zokusebenzisa nokugcina izidakamizwa. Amalungiselelo ezinto eziphilayo asekelwe kuma-microorganisms aphilayo, athuthukayo, futhi asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Isibonelo, amakhowe athanda umswakama, ngokulandelana, emva kokufaka isicelo, ukuchelela kuyadingeka (uma kungenzeka), khona-ke izimo zokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo zizodalwa ngesikhunta. Uma sikhuluma ngama-insecticide enhlabathi asebenza ngokumelene nezibungu kanye nabantu abadala be-May, i-Colorado potato beetle, i-wireworm nezinye izinambuzane, khona-ke ukuze kuvikelwe okuthembekile kufanele kusetshenziswe emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokutshala ekujuleni kwempande. Khona-ke amakhowe avikela ngokuthembekile indawo ezungeze impande yesitshalo ezinambuzaneni, akhe i-microbiota enenzuzo, ngaphezu kwalokho ondle isitshalo, futhi akhuthaze ukukhula.
Ukutholwa Okusemqoka:
Manje kunentuthuko eminingi yemithi yebhayoloji emakethe, futhi kukhona amakhambi aphumelela kakhulu angekho ngaphansi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi aze adlule amakhambi amakhemikhali ngokomphumela ozuziwe. Uma sikhuluma ngomsebenzi wesikhathi eside ensimini, lapha intende yesandla iwukulungiswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo zebhayoloji ifakwe ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuvikela insimu kanye namalungiselelo amakhemikhali.
Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuxilonga nokuhlaziya okusezingeni eliphezulu (umhlabathi, izinto zembewu) kungasiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga eziningi futhi kugweme izindleko ezingadingekile ohlelweni lokuvikela izitshalo, kanye nokulondoloza isivuno, ngokuqeda isimo esinjalo lapho ukusesha okungaphumelelanga. izidakamizwa ezifanele ngaphandle kokuxilongwa okufanele azilethi imiphumela. , futhi ukulahlekelwa kuba okukhulu kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi, njengokutheleleka okunamandla nge-nematode, kufinyelela ku-90-100% wesivuno.