U-Alexey Krasilnikov, Umqondisi Ophethe I-Potato Union
Lonyaka umkhankaso wokuhlwanyelwa wenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, kepha imboni yamazambane ithembela ukuthi zonke izinkinga ezilethwe yile ntwasahlobo zizohlala esikhathini esedlule esedlule ekuqaleni kokuvuna, isivuno sizonxephezela yonke imizamo nezinsizakusebenza ezitshaliwe kuzo.
Amazambane Okuvuna Okudala & Ukulethwa Komkhiqizo Wasekuqaleni
Ngokusho kwe-Federal State Statistics Service, kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1, inani lamasheya amazambane wesitshalo esidala esitokisini samabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo eRussia laliphakeme ngo-9% kunangonyaka owedlule. Kepha empeleni, lesi sibalo asikhombisanga kahle lesi simo: empeleni, ngalesi sikhathi, izinsiza zamazambane asezingeni eliphakeme laseRussia sezivele ziphelile.
Ukulinganisa lesi simo, singasho ukuthi ukushoda kwamazambane asezingeni eliphakeme emakethe kwase kuzwakala ekugcineni kobusika. Maphakathi no-Mashi, lapho izakhamizi zakuleli lizwe ziqala ukwenza ukudla, inzalo yamazambane nayo yanda, ngokubhekisisa lokhu ingemuva kwakukhona ukweqa kwamanani (aze afike kuma-ruble angama-20), futhi wonke amanani asele athengiswa ngesikhathi esifushane. Labo abakhiqizi abakwazi ukugcina isivuno kuze kube manje bathole inzuzo enhle.
Namuhla, intengo yamazambane emakethe iyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-10 kuye kwangama-18. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izifunda (ikakhulukazi, iSifunda saseMoscow, iRiphabhulikhi yaseTatarstan) ziphawula ukuthi izindleko zamazambane maphakathi noMeyi kulo nyaka ziphakeme cishe ngama-20% kunonyaka odlule: imikhiqizo ithengiswa ngenani lama-ruble ayi-15-16 / kg ngekhwalithi emaphakathi ejwayelekile. Imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi ithengiswa yonke indawo ngenani lama-ruble ayi-7 / kg.
Siphawula futhi ukuthi cishe ukusuka phakathi nobusika, amazambane asekhaya emashalofini ezitolo zaseRussia abelokhu encintisana nalawo angeniswa: ngokusho kwe-Federal Forodha Service, ngoJanuwari amathani amazambane angama-300 evela eGibhithe (ngokusobala, iqembu lesilingo) afika eRussia, ngoFebhuwari - amathani angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Ngokusho kwabasebenza kwezohwebo, amazambane aseGibhithe athengiswa ngamanethiwekhi ngamanani aqala kuma-ruble angama-6 kuye kwangama-35 (intengo yokuthenga - amasenti angama-45 / kg) kanti, ngokubona ukwakhiwa kwe-ruble, akuzange kulethe inzuzo enkulu ezinhlanganweni ezihweba. Kunobufakazi bokuthi amaqembu athile emikhiqizo kwadingeka alahlwe.
Ngaphandle kweGibhithe, namuhla emakethe yasekhaya kunamazambane okuqala kusuka kwa-Israyeli, e-Azerbaijan, eTurkey. Ngokunokwenzeka, lemikhiqizo izothola ukuthandwa phakathi kwamakhasimende ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamazambane asezingeni eliphakeme lesitshalo esidala. Kepha amanani entengo asaqhubeka emazingeni ngonyaka owedlule.
Futhi, ukulethwa kwamazambane amasha kusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia (iKrasnodar Territory, Astrakhan neRostov Regions) sekuzoqala. Ukupholisa kuhlehlise isikhathi sokuvuna cishe amasonto amabili, kepha kwathi nge-20 kaMeyi isimo sesiqale ukuba ngcono.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane okuqala sekuwumkhuba ezifundeni eziphakathi zaseRussia (ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow): abalimi batshala amazambane ngaphansi kwefilimu noma okunye okumboza. Umphumela ungatholakala ngemuva kwesikhathi kwi-Krasnodar Territory, kodwa ngokusobala ngaphambili kunokwejwayelekile kweqembu eliphakathi.
Ubhatata wembewu
Iqiniso lokuthi abahlinzeki bez amazambane imbewu kusuka eYurophu baye eRussia kulo nyaka babhekana nobunzima obukhulu, sabhala kumagazini wokugcina walo magazini. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu, kufaka phakathi izinguquko ezenziwa emithethweni yokulawula imikhiqizo elawulwayo ohlangothini lwaseRussia (Isinqumo Nombolo 128 seRosselkhoznadzor), ukubuyekeza imibhalo yokulawula eYurophu, kanye nochungechunge lwezinto.
Ngokushesha bakwazile ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokulethwa kwamazambane embewu kusuka eFinland naseJalimane. Abamele iRosselkhoznadzor bakwazile ukuhamba baye kula mazwe, benza amasampula benza izivivinyo ezidingekayo zaselabhorethri. Futhi-ke imingcele yaqala ukuvala ngenxa ye-coronavirus.
Njengoba kunikezwe lesi simo, iRosselkhoznadzor yavuma ukwenza lula ukungeniswa kwezinto zokutshala (ukulahla ukuhlolwa kwendawo). Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthunyelwa kwembewu evela eFrance naseNetherlands kudlule “kumakhorasi aluhlaza”, futhi iningi lamazambane abhekelwe abathengi baseRussia nokho angena ezweni lethu.
Kusekuseni kakhulu ukufingqa ukulethwa ngaphambi kokuphela komkhankaso wokutshala, kodwa manje kungacatshangelwa ukuthi umthamo wokungenisa imbewu ovela eYurophu esikhathini samanje ngeke weqe ngokuqondile izibalo zanyakenye (ngonyaka ka-2019, cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili zamazambane angeniswe ezweni laseRussia), kepha Sekukonke, kuzoba ngaphansi kwaleli zinga - cishe ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili.
Ngingathanda futhi ukusho amagama ambalwa ngentuthuko enhle kule ndawo, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhizinisi amaningi asekhaya: ngoMeyi 2020, ama-minicubers amaningi amakhulu evela eChina naseNdiya (izingcezu eziyizigidi ezingama-0,5) afika eRussia. Iningi lokuqukethwe yizinhlobo zokucutshungulwa (amakhasimende - i-LEM Weston Belaya Dacha LLC namanye amaphrojekthi amakhulu), kepha kukhona nezinhlobo zetafula.
Umkhankaso wokufika
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation, kulo nyaka kuzokwabiwa amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-309 amazambane emkhakheni wezimboni, cishe amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezine ukuphakama kunangonyaka owedlule.
Ezinye izifunda ziyayandisa indawo, ezinye ziyancipha, kepha asiziboni izinguquko ezinkulu eziholela ekubuyiselweni kwabahlanganyeli ohlwini lwabaholi ngokwesilinganiso sokulima. Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa ukuthambekela okuhlukahlukene embonini yonke: ngokufana, kukhona ukuncipha endaweni engaphansi kwamazambane emapulazini amancane (angenelisekile ngenzuzo ephansi yesitshalo) nokwanda kwamakhulu.
NgoMeyi 20, ukutshala kwase kuqediwe endaweni engamahektare ayi-192,9 62,5 (XNUMX% yendawo ebilindelwe).
Ama-Agrarians esifundeni saseBryansk asebenza ngempumelelo (ukutshala kungama-15% kuqediwe ngoMeyi 86), abatshali bezambane amazambane base-Urals naseSiberia babika ukuthi isimo sezulu sihle futhi ijubane lomsebenzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, isimo esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod naseMoscow sisaqhubeka siyinkimbinkimbi (lapho nalapho ngoMeyi 15 bakwazile ukutshala amazambane engxenyeni yesithathu yezindawo ezihleliwe), lapho lina kanye nesimo sezulu esibandayo siqhubeka.
Siphawula nokuthi kulo nyaka izifunda eziningi zeCentral Russia kanye nesifunda seVolga (kufaka phakathi okungenhla) zikhononda ngokuntuleka komswakama ophakathi nendawo nendawo ephansi emiholweni. Isomiso, umphumela wekwindla eyomile nehlobo ebusika engenalo iqhwa, kungathinta kakhulu inani lezitshalo ezizayo.
Ukuvela kwenhlekelele
Ngokubona kwethu, ubhubhane futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukwethulwa kokuhlukaniswa kwabantu akukakabi nomthelela oqinile kumabhizinisi wamazambane. Izinkinga zokuphawuleka zabonwa kwezinye izifunda, kodwa bagcina sebethole isisombululo. Okuphawuleka ngokwengeziwe, ukwensa phansi kwama-ruble hit abakhiqizi bezolimo. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushintshana kulindeleke ukuthi kudale ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yokuthenga.
Uma sikhuluma ngomkhakha uwonke, vele-ke, umuntu angeke ehluleke ukuqaphela izinkinga ezinkulu zabaprosesa. Amabhizinisi ahlukene agxile emkhakheni weHoReCa aphoqelekile ukuba ayeke ukukhiqiza. Kepha sisahlola lesi simo njengesikhashana. Ukucutshungulwa kuzothuthukiswa, kusungulwa amaphrojekthi amasha okuqaliswa, kukhona imininingwane yokuthi ingxenye enkulu yamapulazi e-Astrakhan isayine izinkontileka zokukhulisa amazambane ezindaweni zokudlela ezisheshayo. Abakhiqizi abaningi bezambane likhulukazi bacabanga ngokuqala ukukhiqiza (vumela kaningi ukuthi kube yindaba yamazambane abunjiwe nawezikhala). Le nqubo ibingahamba ngokushesha uma iRussia ibinohlelo oluhlukile oluqondisiwe olugqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo ezisetshenziswayo, kepha kuze kube manje akukenzeki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udaba lokuxhaswa kombuso kukhula ngamazambane luba nzima ngokwengeziwe. Njengoba wazi, manje kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokusekelwa: ezingahambisani nezivuselelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation uhlela ukunciphisa inani lowokuqala futhi wandise owesibili eminyakeni emithathu. Kepha kuhlu lwezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezilimo (yiziphi izifunda ezizinqumele zona nokuthi yikuphi ukuxhaswa okuvuselelayo okuzoqondiswa), akukho lutho oluthi "amazambane akhulayo", kukhona "imifino yasensimini evulekile" kuphela. Ochwepheshe bethu besaba ukuthi ngokuzayo lokhu kungaholela ekutheni amazambane ayeke ukuhlukaniswa kulesi sigaba, okusho ukuthi abatshali bezambane bazolahlekelwa yisamba esikhulu semxhaso. I-Potato Union isivele idonsele amehlo uMnyango Wezolimo kule nkinga futhi isigcina isisombululo kulolu daba silulawula.
Ukukhathazeka embonini kudalwa nawukwehla kwezinga lokungena kwabantu, manje sekukhulunywa kakhulu ngakho. Kepha kungenzeka kakhulu, ngeke kube noshintsho olubi esakhiweni sokusetshenziswa ezinyangeni ezizayo. Abathengi ngeke benqabe amazambane ahlanganisiwe. Ochwepheshe babikezela ngisho nokukhula okuncane (cishe okungama-2-3%) kwesidingo semikhiqizo eyinhloko.
Noma isifiso seziphathimandla zezindawo ezimbalwa zaseRussia zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane emapulazini ezakhamuzi (Kostroma Novgorod, Tver, Kurgan nakwezinye izifunda) asijabulisi. Siyethemba ukuthi amanani 'wokuvunwa komuntu siqu' ngeke athinte imakethe.
Amarekhodi amasha
Ekupheleni kokubukeza, ngifuna ukusho amagama ambalwa mayelana nokuqaliswa komkhakha obalulekile wemboni “Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuzala Kwamazambane nokukhiqiza Imbewu eRussia Federation” (imiphumela yesikhashana enikezwe kuMbiko Kazwelonke Wentuthuko ngenqubekela phambili kanye nemiphumela yokuqalisa ngo-2019 wohlelo lombuso lokuthuthuka kwezolimo nokulawula izimakethe zezolimo. imikhiqizo, izinto zokusetshenziswa nokudla).
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kudokhumenti, inkomba ekhomba ukuthi "inani lezinhlobo ezintsha zokuncintisana ezifuywayo ezenziwe njengengxenye yohlelo oluncane" ngonyaka we-2019 zigcwalisiwe ngo-500%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi esikhundleni sezinhlobo ezimbili ezihleliwe, abafuyi baseRussia ngokushesha bakha ama-10 (izinhlobo i-Northern Lights, Elena, Gulliver, Samba, Prime, uCarmen, Indigo, Triumph, Bear, Kumach). Ezinye izinhlobo ezingama-20 ezilungiselelwe ukubhaliswa kombuso. Ngokwesakhiwo se-subprogram, amazambane wembewu wokuqokwa kwasekhaya kwesigaba se- "elite" esinomthamo wamathani angama-2035,45 nawo akhiqizwa futhi athengiswa, yize iqiniso lokuthi ukufezeka kwalesi sikhombisi ngo-2019 bekungahlelwanga nhlobo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Potato Union ayikwazi ukujabula ngokunqoba kwaleli zinga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngingathanda kakhulu ukubona ubufakazi obucacile balokhu okungenhla: ngokwesibonelo, imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene, okusivumela ukuthi siphethe ngokuthi izinhlobo ezintsha zaseRussia zedlula ngempela ikhono labangaphandle.