NgoDisemba 2023, i-UN General Assembly yamemezela uMeyi 30 njengoSuku Lwamazambane Lwamazwe Ngamazwe. Ukuze iqokomise ukubaluleka kwamazambane ekuphileni kwabakhiqizi nakubathengi, i-Food and Agriculture Organization yeZizwe Ezihlangene (FAO) iye yakhetha isihloko esifike ngesikhathi salolu suku: “Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo, kukhula ithemba.”
Iyini injongo ye-International Potato Day?
Amazambane ayimpahla eyinhloko yezinhlelo zokudla zezolimo zomhlaba, kusukela kubalimi abancane abatshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-heirloom e-Andes kuya emapulazini amakhulu ezentengiselwano kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Isilimo sokudla esisesithathu esisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, sihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kokudla kanye nempilo kubantu basemaphandleni nasemadolobheni emhlabeni wonke.
Umgubho woSuku Lwezambane Lwezizwe Ngezizwe uzohlanganisa imiphumela yoNyaka Wamazambane Wamazwe Ngamazwe, owagujwa ngowezi-2008. Izophinde iveze ukubaluleka kwalesi sitshalo njengethuluzi lokulwa nendlala, ububha kanye nobungozi bemvelo obubeka engcupheni izinhlelo zokudla kwezolimo. USuku Lwamazwe Ngamazwe luzophinde lube umcimbi wokugubha indima ebalulekile yokulima komndeni, okusebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yabesifazane, ekulondolozeni ukuhlukahluka kwamazambane, kanye nokugqamisa izici zamasiko nezokupheka zokutshalwa nokusetshenziswa kwalesi silimo.
Amazambane awumkhiqizo wokudla obalulekile odliwa abantu abangaphezu kwebhiliyoni emhlabeni wonke.
Masihlwanyele imbewu yokwehlukahlukana, sikhulise ithemba
Manje sekunezinhlobo zamazambane ezithuthukisiwe ezingaphezu kuka-5 emhlabeni wonke, eziningi zazo ezikhiqizwa futhi zidliwe abantu bomdabu ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Andean, ezimele isizinda sokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo. Ngokumangazayo, kunezihlobo zasendle ezingaba ngu-000 zamazambane atshaliwe anezici eziningi ezifiselekayo ezitholakalayo, okuhlanganisa amandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo nokukhula, ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo, kanye nenani eliphezulu lokudla okunempilo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zobukhulu be-tuber, imibala kanye nokuma kuyamangaza. Izihlobo eziningi zamazambane zasendle azifaneleki ukudliwa abantu, kodwa zihlinzeka ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zokuthuthukisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezivumelana nezimo zemvelo ezishintshayo, zimelana nezinambuzane nezifo, futhi zihlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe nokuthandwa ngabathengi.
Amaphuzu ayinhloko
Amazambane afaka isandla ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokudla okunempilo kwabantu, ukuthuthukisa imvelo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza: Ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezinqubo zezolimo ezithuthukile kanye nobuchwepheshe obubalulekile kuzosiza izigidi zabalimi ukwandisa umkhiqizo wabo wasemapulazini kanye nemali engenayo.
- Izinzuzo zezinqubo ezisimeme ze-agronomic, okuhlanganisa nokuphathwa kwezitshalo okudidiyelwe, zidinga ukuthuthukiswa futhi kufakazelwe, futhi abalimi kumele banikezwe amandla okuzisebenzisa.
- Thuthukisa izindlela zokuzalanisa ukuze usize ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sezinhlobo zezinhlobo zemvelo ezihlakaniphile neziguqulelwe endaweni.
- Abalimi kufanele bathole imbewu yekhwalithi ephezulu yezinhlobo eziguqukayo nezikhiqizayo ezifanelana kangcono nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza kanye nezimo zemvelo.
- Kudingekile ukunikeza abalimi amathuba okufunda amasu e-agronomic nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kwandiswe isivuno futhi kuncishiswe ukulahleka nokumosha.
Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla. Amazambane anothile ngezakhi, amavithamini, amaminerali kanye ne-fiber yokudla.
- Amazambane anovithamini C ocebile, osiza ukuvimbela i-scurvy.
- Amazambane aqukethe inani elikhulu le-potassium, i-electrolyte edingekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwenhliziyo, imisipha kanye nesimiso sezinzwa.
- Amapeel amazambane aqukethe i-fiber yokudla edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla komuntu.
- Umsoco wamazambane uncike kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo, isimo sezulu, inhlabathi, izindlela zokutshala, izimo zokugcinwa kanye nezindlela zokuphatha, ukucubungula kanye nokulungiselela.
- Amazambane angaba yingxenye yokudla okunempilo, kodwa kuphela uma esetshenziswa ngobuningi obuthile, ephathwa, ecutshungulwa futhi elungiselelwe ngezindlela ezithile, futhi elinganisela nokunye ukudla okudliwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemvelo. Ukwamukela izinhlelo ezisimeme zokukhiqiza amazambane kungathuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo.
- Ngokuhlakulela izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu ezivumelaniswe nezimo zendawo, ukuqina kwezinhlelo zokukhulisa amazambane kungandiswa.
- Ngokutshala izinhlobo zamazambane ezongayo neziqinile, unganciphisa umthelela wemvelo wesitshalo.
- Ukutshala okuxubile noma izinhlelo zokuzungeza imidumba yamazambane zidinga umanyolo wamakhemikhali omncane futhi ngenxa yalokho zinciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
- Izinqubo zezolimo ezivumelana nemvelo njengokunisela ngokunemba kanye nezolimo zokongiwa kwemvelo zidinga ukuthuthukiswa, zigunyazwe futhi zisatshalaliswe.
Ukwenza ngcono izinga lempilo. Uzambane yisilimo esikhulu esinomthelela ekuvikelekeni kokudla kanye namathuba okuziphilisa.
- Uchungechunge lwenani lamazambane, kusukela ekulimeni kuya ekucutshungulweni kwenani elingeziwe, ukupakishwa nokumaketha, lihlinzeka izakhamuzi zasemakhaya nezasemadolobheni, okuhlanganisa abesifazane nentsha, ngamathuba abalulekile omsebenzi ohloniphekile.
- Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ziyanda izitsha zamazambane kanye nokudla okulula kukhiqizwa futhi kudayiswe - lena imboni ethembisayo ngokombono wentsha yamabhizinisi.
- Ukufinyelela okukhulu kubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezimakethe kungathuthukisa imali engenayo yabalimi abancane abangabagcini bezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane.
Indaba emangalisayo yamazambane: ukuthi ungowokuzalwa e-Andes waba kanjani usaziwayo emhlabeni
Izambane, umlando walo owaqala e-Andes, lake labizwa ngokuthi “imbali yempucuko yasendulo yamaInca,” okwakuyisilimo sayo esiyinhloko. Ngekhulu le-500, amazambane athunyelwa eYurophu, lapho asakazeka khona emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni engu-XNUMX nje kuphela, isibe yisitshalo esibalulekile sokudla kubathengi abaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukusabalala kwamazambane kwasiza ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kwabantu base-Europe ezisanhlamvu futhi kwasheshisa ukuthuthela emadolobheni ngokwandisa ukutholakala kokudla. Kukholakala ukuthi ngesikhathi se-Qing Dynasty e-China, amazambane asindisa abantu endlaleni. Ngezikhathi zezingxabano ezifana neMpi Yezwe II, lo mkhiqizo onesivuno esikhulu, ongadliwa ngokucubungula okuncane, ube yindlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kokudla. Ukubaluleka kwendima yamazambane ngezikhathi ezinjalo kwenza kudingeke ukuthi unake ngokukhethekile njengomkhiqizo ohlinzeka ngokudla kubantu ezindaweni ezihlaselwe yizinkinga, ezimeni lapho amaketanga okuhlinzekwa kwempahla engasebenzi futhi ukufinyelela kokudla kusengozini. .
Umlando wamazambane ungachazwa ngenkulumo efanelekayo ethi “uhlamvu lwemali lunezinhlangothi ezimbili.” Indlala Enkulu eyagadla e-Ireland ngawo-1840 ibonisa ukuthi ukuntuleka kokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo nezinhlelo zokulima kungaba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo kumazambane, ukubola kwezambane sekwephuzile, okubangelwa ukhunta Phytophthora infestans, kwabhubhisa izitshalo zamazambane ezweni lonke, okubangela ukwehluleka kwezitshalo okwaholela endlala enkulu kanye namagagasi okufuduka.
Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezizayo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amazambane afaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okunamandla kwezolimo nezinhlelo zokudla okunempilo, ukuhlukahluka kufanele kuthuthukiswe futhi kuvikelwe ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza izitshalo zasepulazini. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-5 eziyingqayizivele zofuzo ezitholakala emhlabeni zamazambane, okuhlinzeka ngensiza yokucebisa ngokuqhubekayo i-gene pool, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxhaphaza izici ezihlukahlukene zalesi tuber futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungagcini nje ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwayo ezinambuzaneni, izifo kanye nemiphumela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kodwa futhi andise ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezishintshashintshayo. Izixazululo ezintsha ezinhlelweni zokutshala kanye nemishini zinikeza amathuba engeziwe okuhlanganisa kangcono amazambane ezinhlelweni zokulima ezihlukene neziqinile.
Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke kwamazambane angalungiswanga manje kuyehla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazwe amaningi adla kakhulu ukudla okugayiwe okugayiwe, okuhlanganisa namazambane, futhi lo mkhuba oshaqisayo unomthelela ekubhebhethekeni kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokungondleki.
Kunenguquko ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zezolimo nezokudla emhlabeni wonke, lapho kudingekile ukuthi kubhekwe kabusha izindlela zokukhiqiza ukudla, ukucubungula kanye nokusetshenziswa. Amazambane angatshalwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, akhiqize isivuno esiphezulu ezindaweni ezipholile nezintaba, futhi asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zamasiko okupheka, okuwenza abe yisici esibalulekile emizamweni eqhubekayo yokwakha izinhlelo zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza, ezinenzuzo futhi ezilinganayo.
Bizela esenzweni
Ngokudla izinhlobo ezahlukene zamazambane, asigcini nje ngokucebisa isiko lethu lokupheka, kodwa futhi sisize ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezolimo. Kunezinkulungwane zezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane emhlabeni jikelele, ngayinye ihlukile ngokombala, ubukhulu, ukunambitheka kanye nezakhiwo zokudla okunomsoco, okuwenza angabi nje isitshalo esiyisisekelo, kodwa futhi abe umthombo wogqozi lokudla kanye nesici esibalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla kwezolimo. izinhlelo.
Ngamunye wethu angaba neqhaza ekushintsheni okuhlala njalo. Izinyathelo zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwamazambane okuzinzile eziqala ngoSuku Lwamazambane Lwamazwe Ngamazwe zingaveza imiphumela ezozwakala kudala ngemuva komcimbi. Ngezansi kunezibonelo zezinhlelo ezinjalo.
Ohulumeni nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zingakwazi:
- ukwakha isimo esivumayo, okuhlanganisa uhlaka lwezomthetho nolwesikhungo, lokwandisa ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa okusimeme kwezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane njengengxenye yokudla okunempilo;
- ukugqugquzela ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko eqonde ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ezikhiqizayo, ezikwaziyo ukumelana nezimo futhi eziguqukayo lapho amazambane atshalwa ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izilimo;
- ukusekela ucwaningo oluhloselwe ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuguqukayo njengokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ze-hybrid diploid kanye nembewu ye-hybrid botanical potato;
- Gqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokugcinwa okubandayo kanye nokusabalalisa imbewu yamazambane ukuze abalimi bakwazi ukufinyelela njalo futhi basebenzise izinhlobo ezifanele.
Amabhizinisi embonini yokudla:
- Kungase kube amaphayona ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yamazambane! Yenza imikhiqizo yamazambane anomsoco ifinyeleleke kubathengi futhi unciphise ukungcola.
- Sebenzisana nabalimi ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokulungiselela ukudla okunempilo nokupakishwa ngendlela eqhubekayo, kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokusabalalisa ezicabangela izinzuzo zemvelo zamazambane.
Abazali nothisha:
- Ungahlakulela imikhuba enempilo! Amazambane angaba yingxenye yokudla okunempilo, okwakhiwe ngezimiso ezihlukahlukene, ibhalansi, ukulinganisela nokwanela. Uma kufanelekile ngokwesiko, amazambane angafakwa ekudleni okunomsoco nokunempilo esikoleni nasekhaya. Gcina izingane zakho zikhuthazekile futhi uzifundise imikhuba yokudla enempilo.
- Thenga amazambane atshalwe endaweni ukuze usekele abalimi abawatshalayo futhi bafake isandla ekwenzeni iplanethi enempilo.
Izinhlangano okungezona ezikahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi zinga:
- Ukwenza imicimbi yomphakathi egqamisa ukubaluleka kwamasiko kwamazambane, ukubhekana nezindaba zokuvikeleka kokudla, kanye nokwakha amaketango alinganayo nanenzuzo yamazambane;
- Ukuxhumana nabakhi bezinqubomgomo nabalimi, okuhlanganisa abesifazane, intsha kanye nabantu bomdabu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izidingo zabo ziyabhekelelwa ezinhlelweni zezolimo nentuthuko;
- Yabelana ngezifundo, izibonelo ezinhle nezifundo ezitholwe kumaphrojekthi wendawo, kanye nezinto ezintsha ezifanele ukukhushulwa.
Ungabamba kanjani iqhaza?
Hlela umcimbi
Hlela umcimbi ukuze umphakathi jikelele ugubhe usuku lwamazwe ngamazwe lwamazambane. Ungabamba i-webinar, ingxoxo, noma umhlangano we-roundtable nabaholi bezepolitiki, othisha, ososayensi, abalimi, nabafundi, okulandelwa iseshini yemibuzo nezimpendulo ukuze uvuse inkhulumomphendvulwano. Yabelana ngolwazi lwakho nolwazi lwakho nomphakathi!
Izingadi zasekhaya nezomphakathi
Hlela iphrojekthi yeqembu lamazambane emphakathini noma engadini yesikole ukuze ufundise intsha indlela yokutshala amazambane, uyifundise ngezinzuzo zayo zezempilo, futhi uyenze ibe nesithakazelo ekusetshenzisweni kwesitshalo ngendlela enempilo. Cwaninga izinhlobo zamazambane endawo.
Xhumana nomphakathi
Xhumana neretshurenti yakho yasendaweni oyintandokazi, isikhungo somphakathi, isikhungo esizimele noma sikahulumeni, noma indawo yokudlela yesikole futhi ubatshele mayelana noSuku Lwamazambane Lwamazwe Ngamazwe. Bameme ukuthi bancome futhi bafake izitsha ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane kumenyu.
Lungiselela ukudla okumnandi
Thola ukuthi ingabe izinhlobo zendawo zingalungiswa yini ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuchazwe kuresiphi oyikhethile. Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamazambane ezisebenza kangcono. Abapheki nabagqugquzeli bokudla bangakhombisa ozakwabo ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani izinhlobo zamazambane ezihluka ngokunambitheka nokuthungwa ezitsheni. Imindeni ingaqhubeka namasiko ayo okupheka ngokukhumbula izitsha ezizithandayo zamazambane. Mema abangani bakho nozakwenu ukuthi babelane ngezindlela zokupheka zokudla okumnandi nezinempilo zamazambane.
Nikeza izixazululo ezintsha!
Uma uthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha noma uneziphakamiso zokuguqula uchungechunge lwenani lamazambane, tshela umhlaba ngabo! Sithumelele i-imeyili ngabo ku-International-Day-of-Potato@fao.org futhi sizoshicilela imininingwane njengoba siyithola kuwebhusayithi yethu esemthethweni.
Joyina abezindaba emgubhweni
Sebenzisa oxhumana nabo bemidiya ukusabalalisa izwi mayelana noSuku Lwamazambane Lwamazwe Ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa amaphephandaba, izingosi zezindaba, izinhlelo zezingxoxo noma izingqungquthela zabezindaba.
Sabalalisa izwi
Joyina izingxoxo eziku-inthanethi futhi uthumele nge-hashtag #PotatoDay! Sabalalisa izwi ngezinkundla zokuxhumana.
Amaqiniso kanye nezibalo
Kukhona mayelana Kunezinhlobo ezingu-5 zamazambane, futhi lokhu kwehluka kuwenza abe yithuluzi elibalulekile ekuvikelekeni kokudla emhlabeni wonke kanye nokudla okunomsoco.. Ngenxa yalokhu kwehlukahlukana, isilimo singakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza futhi sisetshenziswe ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ngoba uhlobo ngalunye lunezici eziyingqayizivele ngokuphila.
Amazambane akha isisekelo sokudla kwezigidigidi zabantu futhi kukhona isivuno sokudla esisesithathu esisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni ngemva kwelayisi nokolweni.
Amazambane afakwe ekudleni cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezakhamuzi zomhlaba, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwalesi sigaxa ekudleni kwabantu emhlabeni jikelele.
Phakathi kuka-2000 no-2020, indawo yamazambane emhlabeni wonke yehle ngamaphesenti angu-17, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-11,25. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezithuthukisiwe nezindlela zesimanje ze-agronomic ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize imikhiqizo eminingi endaweni encane futhi uthathe elinye igxathu eliya ekudaleni izinhlelo zokukhiqiza izitshalo ezisimeme.
Nomaphi lapho kutshalwa khona amazambane, abesifazane basemakhaya badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekongiweni, ekulimeni, ekuvuneni nasekudayiseni kwayo. Emazweni asathuthuka, njengomthetho, ngabesifazane abatshala lesi sitshalo.
Amazambane atshalwa emazweni angu-159 emhlabeni jikelele, kanti isamba esingamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-17,8 abelwe wona.. Umhlaba ukhiqiza amathani amazambane ayizigidi ezingama-374 ngonyaka.
Amazambane aqukethe ama-antioxidants, izinhlanganisela zemvelo ezisiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana omzimba ekulimaleni. Ama-Antioxidants ayasiza ukugcina amazinga e-cholesterol enempilo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kusiza ukugcina impilo yenhliziyo.
Amazambane asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo esekwe ku-bio efana namapulasitiki angaboli. Okunye okungavamile ukusetshenziswa kwesitashi samazambane ukwakha enye indlela evumelana nemvelo kunepulasitiki yendabuko. Izinto ezitholakala ku amaprotheni amazambane kanye nesitashi, angasetshenziswa ukwenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokupakisha, njengezitsha zokudla namaphilisi emithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azinayo i-gluten futhi ayihambisani nemvelo, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kwazo kube nenzuzo embonini yokudla.
Potato Park e-Andes. EziNtabeni zase-Andes, eduze kwaseCusco, ePeru, ipaki yamazambane engamahektha ayi-12 ingenye yezinhlelo zokongiwa kwemvelo eziyivelakancane. umphakathi wendawo usebenzisa futhi ulondoloze imithombo yawo yofuzo lwamazambane nolwazi lwendabuko ekulinyweni, ekuvikeleni izitshalo nasekukhetheni lesi sitshalo. Le phrojekthi ingaba isibonelo kweminye imiphakathi yendabuko ngoba isekelwe endleleni ephumelelayo yokugcina izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo endaweni yemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo abantu bomdabu abajwayele kakhulu.
Ngokusekelwe Kumhlahlandlela Wosuku Lwamazambane Lwamazwe Ngamazwe 2024 (Inhlangano Yokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene).