UMaria Erokhova, MD, uMnyango WeZambane kanye Nezifo zemifino, FGBNU VNIIF
UMaria Kuznetsova, iNhloko UMnyango WeZambane kanye Nezifo zemifino, FGBNU VNIIF
Muva nje, amagciwane asephenduke ama-pathogen ayingozi kakhulu amazambane eRussia. Iningi lalawa magciwane (isb., Igciwane le-Y-potato) laqashelwa njengezinto ezilawulwa ezingezona zokwahlukaniswa kwamazambane embewu e-EU ngonyaka ka-2019.
1Ngo-Ephreli 4, 2020, i-World Potato Congress yabamba i-webinar enesihloko esithi Potato Virusi: The New Information. Ukufakwa kwe-webinar ngesiNgisi sekuvele kuthunyelwe kuwebhusayithi I-World Potato Congress ngokuvuleleka.
Umphathi wale webinar kwakunguDkt Alexander Karasev. Unguchwepheshe ohlonishwayo emkhakheni we-phytovirusology. U-Alexander Karasev uthole i-Ph.D. kwisayensi yemvelo evela eMoscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, omkhulu ku-Virology. Kusukela ngo-2006, ubesebenza e-University of Idaho (USA). Emsebenzini wakhe wokucwaninga, uDkt Karasev ubhekisisa ngokukhethekile isifundo se-potato Y-virus.
Ngesikhathi se-webinar, uDkt Karasev ukhumbule ukuthi i-potato Y-virus iphathelene ne-potivirus (Potyvirus). Njengawo wonke ama-virus, i-pathogen iyisidakamizwa esibophayo futhi ikwazi ukuziphindaphinda kuphela kumaseli ezitshalo zokubamba ezivela emndenini omncane. I-pathogen igcinwa kuzilimo zezilimo eziyizigaxa “ezitshalweni zokuzithandela”. I-Y-virus ingathathelwa ngomshini, kanye ne-vector - ngemithambo yezinambuzane. Izinambuzane ezinjalo zegciwane le-Y zingama-aphid eziyidlulisela ngendlela engaphikeli.
U-Alexander Karasev ugcizelele ukuthi igciwane le-Y yigciwane eliyingozi kakhulu, ngoba libanga ukulahleka kwezitshalo ngqo. Kwasungulwa ukuthi lapho igciwane lithinteka yi-1% yendawo ekhula kuyo amazambane, umlimi ulahlekelwa yi- $ 17 ngehektha ngalinye. Ngo-2008, u-1% wokulimala kwamazambane wabiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-6,3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isiko lonakalisiwe, ikhwalithi yezilimo eziyizigaxa elahlekile ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu zesifo se-neularotic se-potato tubers kuzo. Izimpawu zesifo azithuthukisi kuphela kuma-nezilimo eziyizigaxa kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemacembe, eziba yi-mosaic, imibimbi. Ngokukhula okuqinile kwalesi sifo, ukukhula kwezitshalo kunciphisa.
Usosayensi waphawula ukuthi izinhlobo zamazambane ziyahlukahluka ekumelaneni negciwane le-Y. Okwamanje, eminye imininingwane yolunye uhlobo yamazambane iqukethe imininingwane ekuhlolweni okuhleliwe kokuphikiswa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziningi zesikhunta, ama-cyst-form nemat nemat (I-Pale Globodera Ama-pathotypes Pa 2/3, 1, I-Globodera rostochiensis Ro1), kanye namagciwane. Isibonelo ukuthi "Indawo yedatha yezinhlobo zamazambane" (Amazambane we-AHDB, UK).
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