Ukugcina ibha ephezulu ebekiwe ngesizini edlule, kusetshenziswa imali yezimali kahulumeni ngempumelelo - lona bekungumsebenzi obekelwe imboni yowezi-2017 nguNgqongqoshe Wezolimo waseRussia Federation u-Alexander Tkachev, ekhuluma emhlanganweni we-All-Russian agronomic on February 1 eMoscow.
Ukufingqa imiphumela yonyaka owedlule nokucacisa amakhono entuthuko kungekudala, uNgqongqoshe ugcizelele ukuthi ezolimo namuhla lungomunye wabashayeli bezomnotho waseRussia: "Isikhathi sethu sesifikile, izwe lethu liyasidinga!"
Ngesikhathi sokukhuluma kwakhe, inhloko yoMnyango Wezolimo weRussia Federation ikhumbuze izethameli ngezinkomba ezirekhodiwe zango-2016 ekuvunweni kukakolweni, ummbila, i-buckwheat, i-sunflower, ubhontshisi kabhontshisi, ikakhulukazi isithombo sebhitrudi sikashukela. Ngonyaka odlule, abakhiqizi bezolimo bavuna cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-50.
Ngokwalesi sikhombisi, iRussia yaphuma phambili emhlabeni, ngaphambi kweFrance, i-United States neJalimane. "Lokhu kuzosivumela ukuthi sikhiqize cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyisithupha kashukela, ngaleyo ndlela singagcini ngokunikeza ngokugcwele imakethe yasekhaya, kodwa futhi nokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, okungaphezulu kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-6 ngonyaka," kungeza ungqongqoshe.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kwamanje u-Alexander Tkachev ubize ukulungiselela ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo. Ngo-2017, kuhlelwa ukuthi kutshalwe amahektha omhlaba angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-80.
Ngokwesiko, ngokulindela ukuqala kwesizini, abahlanganyeli bomhlangano baphakamise izingqinamba eziningi eziwuchungechunge.
Ukubeka umhlaba wezolimo
Ingxenye ebalulekile yombiko kaSihlalo weKomidi Lezwe laseDuma ngezindaba zezolimo, uVladimir Kashin, uzinikele ngesidingo sokwazisa umhlaba wezolimo oshiywe emhlabeni ukuze usatshalaliswe.
Ngokusho kwakhe, eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ekwakhiweni kwesikhwama sezwe, indawo yomhlaba wezolimo incishisiwe cishe yingxenye. Ukusuka kumahektha angama-637,7 wezigidi ngonyaka ka-1990, ngonyaka ka-2016 kwasala amahektha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-383 ezweni. Okukhathaza kakhulu wukuncishiswa komhlaba wezolimo ngamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-25, kuwo amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-17,2 ayengumhlaba olimekayo.
Ngakho-ke, kunamahektha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-41,5 omhlaba okhishwe ekushintsheni kwezitshalo eRussia, kanti amahektha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-56, noma ama-14,5% omhlaba wezolimo awasetshenziselwa inhloso yawo.
Inhloko yekomidi yabiza lo msebenzi wokubandakanya amazwe ashiywe ekulweni ukuze kusatshalaliswe ngodaba olubaluleke kakhulu ezweni lonke, ngokufana nokuqhakambisa amazwe aseyizintombi, izwe elingeke likwazi ukubhekana nalo ngaphandle kohlelo olukhethekile lwenhlangano, ngaphandle kwemali eyanele.
Umanyolo wamaminerali
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation, cishe ingxenye yabakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia abayisebenzisi umquba wamaminerali emasimini abo. Ukonga okunjalo akuyona indlela enhle ethinta ikhwalithi nenani lesitshalo.
Alexander Tkachev, UNgqongqoshe Wezolimo waseRussia Federation:
"Isikhathi sethu sesifikile, izwe lethu liyasidinga!"
USihlalo weKomidi Lombuso Duma Wezinkinga Zezolimo u-Vladimir Kashin uphinde wabiza nodaba lomanyolo ukuthi yiluphi olubi kakhulu: “Ukuncipha kokuvunda kwenhlabathi kwenziwa ngukuncipha kwenani likamanyolo wamaminerali osetshenzisiwe - uma kuqhathaniswa nango-1990, namuhla usetshenziswa ngaphansi kahlanu. Kuvele kube yisimo esiyindida - sisebenzisa kuphela u-18% wamathani ayizigidi eziyi-10 omanyolo wezimbiwa (into esebenzayo) ekhiqizwa eRussia ngonyaka, kanti amanye asethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. "
Kepha ngesizini ezayo kukhona zonke izimfanelo zokulungisa isimo. Ngokusho kuka-Igor Kaluzhsky, umqondisi omkhulu weRussian Association of Fertilizer Manufactureers, isimo emakethe yomanyolo waseRussia sintofontofo kakhulu: amanani entengo ehle ngaphansi kwezinga lonyaka odlule, lonke uhla lwemikhiqizo lwethulwa ngamanani adingekayo futhi nangaphandle kwabo (Inhlangano inikeze indawo yokubekelwa ukuhlinzeka ngomquba kuwo wonke umuntu) .
Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Igor Kaluzhsky wadonsela ukunaka kwabalaleli ukuthi ama-fertiliser amaminerali ahlala ehlala engenakufinyeleleka emapulazini, inqubo yokusebenzisana phakathi kwabalimi nama-giants amakhulu amakhemikhali isalokhu ingakakhiwa, esetshenziswa ngentshiseko abasebenza ngokugwaza. Okwamanje, sekuvulwe amacala obugebengu angaphezu kwekhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amapulazi athintekile yilaba basolwa ababelamelayo ashiywa engenamali futhi engenawo umanyolo.
Isimo sezulu
Igor Kaluzhsky,
Umqondisi Omkhulu wenhlangano yabakhiqizi bezithelo baseRussia:
"Isimo emakethe yomanyolo waseRussia manje sintofontofo: amanani entengo ehle ngaphansi kwezinga lanyakenye, lonke uhla lwemikhiqizo lwethulwa kumanani adingekayo futhi nangaphezulu kwawo ..."
Ukuqagela kafushane kwesimo emakethe yezitshalo zaseRussia ngonyaka ka-2017 kuhlongozwa nguDmitry Rylko, Umqondisi Jikelele we-IKAR.
Uveze ukuthi iningi lezilimo, ekutshaleni kwazo amaRussia athole imiphumela yokuqopha, zinikeze isivuno esihle nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba, okuyinto engakwazi kodwa ukuthinta amanani.
Ikakhulu, namuhla singakhuluma ngamasheya aphezulu kakhulu okusanhlamvu okuzo "bhoboza" izintengo zomhlaba kuze kuphele isizini. Okufanayo kusebenza kuma-oilseeds, ngaphandle kwalaba abadlwenguliwe. Isilimo esidlwenguliwe e-EU sabangela ukwenyuka okukhulu kwamanani walesi sitshalo esidumile (esidlwengulwayo eYurophu sisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel).
Kepha isitshalo esicebile kunazo zonke ushukela eRussia bekungafani nemvelaphi ejwayelekile, amazwe amaningi akhiqiza ushukela obomvu kulo nyaka aba nesomiso. Yilesi simo esasiza ukugwema ukulahleka okukhulu emakethe yethu, singalungele ivolumu yomkhiqizo onjalo.
Ukufingqa, uMqondisi Jikelele we-ICAR uphakamise ukuthi ukuze kuvuselelwe lesi simo futhi kwandise amandla asezindaweni ezithakazelisa abakhiqizi bezolimo, ezinye izehlakalo eziphawulekayo kufanele zenzeke emhlabeni noma kwakhiwe izimakethe ezinamandla (ukuqhathanisa nemakethe ye-biofuel).
Uxhaso kanye nemalimboleko ethambile
Imininingwane esemqoka maqondana nezinguquko ezenzeke ohlelweni lwezinyathelo zokusekelwa kombuso kwabakhiqizi bezolimo zinikezwe uNatalia Chernetsova, umqondisi woMnyango Wezomnotho Nokwesekwa Kombuso kwe-Agro-Industrial Complex yoMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation.
Ukhumbule ukuthi namuhla kunezindawo eziyi-7 zokwesekwa nguhulumeni: uxhaso olulodwa (olwamukele iningi lezindawo ezazikhona ngaphambilini), ukuxhasa ingxenye yenani lenzalo, ukwesekwa kwemali mboleko yokutshalwa kwemali ngokubuyiselwa kwezindleko eziqondile ezenziwe, ukwesekwa okungahlobene, ukwesekwa kokukhiqiza okukhiqizayo ekukhiqizeni ubisi nokusekelwa kwabahlanganyeli bezinhlelo ezimbili zikahulumeni - "Melioration" kanye "Nentuthuko Eqhubekayo Yezindawo Zasemakhaya".
Ngo-2017, kwenziwa ezinye izinguquko emshinini wokuthola uxhaso oluthile. Isibonelo, ngoJanuwari 21, inqubo entsha yokukhethwa kwamaphrojekthi afuna ukubuyisela izindleko eziqondile zokutshalwa kwemali yalungiswa - umbandela obalulekile wokukhetha manje ukutholakala kwemvume yokufaka isikhungo.
Umqondisi woMnyango Wezomnotho kanye Nokwesekwa Kwezakhiwo Zezolimo Kwezolimo uphinde wathinta isihloko esikhona samanje semalimboleko ethambile. Ubuye waveza ukuthi kulo nyaka izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokubolekwa okufakwayo kufaka phakathi ukufuya izinkomo zobisi nezinkomo, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo nokutshala imifino ebamba ukushisa, nayo yonke imisebenzi esetshenziswayo e-Far East. Izicelo ezitholwe kumabhizinisi wezinye izindawo zizogcinwa; ngokuzayo, abakhiqizi bezolimo abazingenisayo nabo bangalindela ukuthola imalimboleko ngemibandela evumayo.
UNatalia Chernetsova uchaze ukuthi isamba semali ebelwe imali mboleko ethambile (ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-21,3) ayisiyisi sikhulu, isidingo sazo siphakeme kakhulu, kepha bekufanele ukugxila ekugcwaliseni isabelozimali. Inhloko yoMnyango Wezomnotho iphinde yaqaphela ukuthi okwamanje uMnyango Wezolimo ucele uNdunankulu ukuthi abeke amanye ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-14, futhi sethemba ukuthi ukwesekwa kuzotholwa, ngoba wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi kubaluleke kanjani ukuthi umkhankaso wokuhlwanyela uphothulwe ngesikhathi futhi ngokugcwele.
Amazambane
Njengoba uPetr Chekmarev, uMqondisi woMnyango Wezokutshalwa Kwezitshalo, Ukusebenza Kwemishini, Ukwenza Amakhemikhali kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwezitshalo eMnyangweni Wezolimo waseRussia Federation, kuphawuliwe, "sinenkinga eyodwa ngalesi sitshalo - ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile". Yize kunjalo, kusenoshintsho kusisombululo salo: inqubo yokuthekelisa amazambane athengiswayo kanye nembewu isiqalile.
Kuyiqiniso, ngokusho komqondisi woMnyango, ukuze kukhululeke imakethe futhi kulungiswe amanani, kubalulekile ukuthumela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-2-3 omkhiqizo phesheya futhi wakhe amabhizinisi wokufaka ama-1-2 esifundeni ngasinye “samazambane”.
Ingxoxo ngamathemba amazambane akhula phakathi nomhlangano yaqhubeka ngu-Alexander Tkachev, oxwayise ababambiqhaza bezimboni ngezinyathelo ezisheshayo zokushintsha amakhono apulazi, ekhumbula ukuthi izidingo zemakethe ziyashintsha, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhombisi ezintsha kuhlale kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Ngokusho kukangqongqoshe, ukuhlala njalo nokungaguquguquki ngeke kuvume ukuthi abakhiqizi bethu balahlekelwe yikhwalithi.
Umshuwalense wezolimo
Imininingwane ngesimo samanje somakethe womshuwalense wezolimo eRussia kulo mhlangano wethulwe nguKorney Bizhov, umongameli we-Union of Unified Insurers we-Agro-Industrial Forum.
Ubuye waveza ukuthi eminyakeni emine edlule, izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esivumelana nezimo zezulu zihlala abaholi kwizinkokhelo ezitholwe ngenxa yokulahleka kwezilimo ezweni. Ngokusho kwe-NSA, ukukhokhwa kakhulu kwezinqubomgomo ngokuxhaswa kombuso okuphethwe ngamalungu enyunyana sonke isikhathi somthetho ngokuxhaswa kombuso ngomshuwalense wezolimo athola amapulazi eTatarstan (ruble le-1,176 billion); abakhiqizi bezolimo baseStavropol Territory (ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-625), ama-agrarians weKrasnodar Territory (ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-529) kanye neSifunda saseBelgorod (ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-334).
Izingozi ezinkulu okwenziwa ngazo izinkokhelo ngaphansi kwezinkontileka ezisekelwa nguhulumeni yisomiso somhlabathi nesomkhathi, imimoya eyomile nokugcwala kwamanzi enhlabathini. Lezi zingcuphe ezi-4 zibala cishe u-80% wazo zonke izinkokhelo ezenziwe yi-NSA kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2012. Kulo nyaka, abomshwalense babikezela amaphesenti amakhulu okukhokha kule ndlela yokugcina.
Umshuwalense wezoLimo ufinyelele imigomo ezifundeni ezingama-28. Kunezindawo lapho umshuwalense uhlanganisa ngaphezu kwe-20% ngisho nama-30% ezinkampani zezitshalo.
UMongameli we-Union of Insurers wachaza ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa komshuwalense wezolimo kuncike kakhulu ezindabeni ezithathwe yiziphathimandla zesifunda zezimboni zezolimo. Njengomfanekiso, waphakamisa ukuqhathanisa izinkomba zesifunda Samara, lapho ukumboza kwezitshalo ngomshuwalense ngo-2015 kwakungu-18%, kuthi iSaratov (0,1% yezilimo).
Isimo sezulu
Ingqikithi yesimo sezulu ezilalelini zabatshali bezitshalo ihlala ibaluleke kakhulu. Umqondisi weHydrometeorological Center u-Roman Vilfand uchaze kafushane ngesimo esikhona manje emasimini aleli lizwe, waphawula ukuthi ezindaweni eziningi kukhona iqhwa elinamandla ebusika, kepha kuneqhwa elanele yonke indawo, ngakho-ke amazinga okushisa aphansi awazange athinte isimo sezitshalo zasebusika. Manje sesingasho ukuthi izimo ezinhle kakhulu ekuvuneni okuzayo zigcinwa ngokusobala ezweni lonke.
U-Roman Villefand uphinde waveza isibikezelo sokuqala somkhankaso wokuhlwanyelwa ngo-2017. Ngokusho kwesazi sezulu esikhulu sezwe, ngobuningi bezifunda, umsebenzi wasensimini uzoqala ngesikhathi esiseduze nesilinganiso. Mhlawumbe abalimi abancane phambilini bazokwazi ukuqala umsebenzi kusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu (iStavropol, iKrasnodar Territory).