Sikhuluma no-Alexander Bespalov, iSekela Lomqondisi wePotential LLC, mayelana nokuthi ngabe abalimi basekhaya bayavumelana yini nalo mbono nokuthi sihambisana kanjani nesihloko sokunisela okufakelwayo namuhla eRussia.
Ekupheleni kwe-2019, izikhungo eziningana zesayensi nezokuhlaziya zaqala ukukhuluma ngamathuba aphezulu wesomiso esikhulu eRussia ngenkathi ezayo. Phakathi kwezinto ezifuneka kuqala, baqambe igama lekwindla efudumele ngokungajwayelekile nokungabikho kwemvula ngokuphelele ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezwe. Lokhu kwalandelwa ubusika obufudumele obungakaze bube khona, obuqinisa isikhundla sababikezeli bezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba khona ngempela isomiso - eUral, eSiberia, eningizimu yeRussia, kepha asizange sithinte izifunda ezimaphakathi zezwe kanye nesifunda seVolga.
Yiziphi iziphetho ezingafinyelelwa kule ndaba? Okokuqala, ngeshwa, ngisho nochwepheshe abanegunya kakhulu abakwazanga ukubikezela izimo zezulu okwamanje. Okwesibili: isomiso singafika ngonyaka ozayo noma ngemuva kweminye iminyaka embalwa futhi sizosenza ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Futhi uma i-anomaly kungenzeka futhi ungakwazi ukuyilungiselela ngempela, udinga ukwenza lokhu ukuze uzizwe uqiniseka kunoma ikuphi ukuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi.
I-Potential LLC iyingxenye ye-Agrotrade Group of Companies, ekhethekile ngezixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubuyisa. Umthengisi we-_ VALMONT INDUSTRIES, INC.
- U-Alexander, inkampani engahle ibe nakho inolwazi oluningi ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphrojekthi wokunisela. Ngokwakho ukubona, liyanda inani lamapulazi afisa ukutshala imikhiqizo yawo yokunisela ngenkasa?
- Enkampanini yethu kulo nyaka ukukhula bekungama-20%. Kepha ngicabanga ukuthi le nkomba ayikhombisi nje kuphela ikhwalithi yomsebenzi wethu, kodwa futhi nokukhula kwemakethe iyonke. Ukunisela ezweni lethu kuthuthukiswe ngenhloso isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka; imixhaso ebalulekile inikezwa ezifundeni ukukhokhela izindleko zabalimi. Kunenqubekela phambili enkulu eseyenziwe ezindaweni eziningi. Ngalesi sizathu, abakhiqizi abaningi bezolimo sebeqala ukwesaba ukuthi isikhathi lapho umbuso usukulungele ukuhlanganyela izindleko zokwethula ukuchelela nabo singaphela. Ngakho-ke, lawo mapulazi ayefuna ukwethula ukuchelela abheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthatha isinqumo esinjalo, kepha ahlehlisa ukwenziwa kwephrojekthi kwaze kwaba nezikhathi ezingcono, futhi aqala ukubhekana nalolu daba.
- Uvela kuziphi izifunda lapho uvame ukuvela khona?
- Izicelo eziningi zivela ezifundeni zaseSaratov, e-Orenburg, eSamara. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuphela amapulazi amakhulu naphakathi, kepha futhi abalimi bafuna ukwethula ukuchelela.
- Okusho ukuthi, ukuchelela kusadingeka kakhulu kulezo zifunda lapho cishe kungenakwenzeka ukuthola isivuno ngaphandle kwamanzi?
- Maphakathi neRussia, amanzi aphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. Kepha ingxenye ebalulekile yamabhizinisi ezolimo, ikakhulukazi leyo ekhiqiza imikhiqizo yamaketanga okuthengisa noma okucubungula amabhizinisi, isasebenzisa ukuchelela, ngoba lapho ikhule ngokunisela, isivuno siphezulu, futhi nekhwalithi yezimpahla ingcono. Lesi sitshalo sithola umswakama ngqo lapho sidingeka, okuhlala kuthinta umphumela.
- Iziphi izilimo ezitshalwa namuhla kusetshenziswa imishini yokufafaza?
- AmaSoya, ummbila, amazambane asabela kahle ekuniseleni. Emafamu amaningi, ukolweni nebhali kwakutshalwa ngokunisela. Isibonelo, cishe sonke isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod sinisela okusanhlamvu futhi sithola ama-70 c / ha - okuphindwe kabili ukwedlula ngaphandle kokunisela. Futhi okusanhlamvu kuyimpahla enenzuzo enkulu namuhla. Kuhlu olufanayo, izitshalo zokudla. Amapulazi emfuyo, ethula ukuchelela, afuna ukuliphinda kabili inani lokugunda, elenza ukuthi kunciphise izindleko zokuthenga nokuletha okuphakelayo kusuka kwezinye izifunda. Futhi kuqinisekisiwe ukuwina ngekhwalithi yemikhiqizo etholiwe.
- Ingabe zikhona izifunda lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukusebenzisa iphrojekthi yokunisela (uma sikhuluma ngokukhethekile ngokufafaza)?
- Azikho izifunda ezinjalo. Kepha kunezindawo lapho ukwethulwa kwephrojekthi enjalo kunzima, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kukhishwe khona. Isithiyo esikhulu: ibanga ukusuka emthonjeni wamanzi.
Umthombo ofanele wamanzi wokunisela echibini elivulekile. Uma ungekho, kungenzeka kube khona umthombo ongangena esikhundleni, noma ngabe iphrojekthi enjalo izobe seyihlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezithile (amanzi angaba nzima kakhulu, anokuqukethwe okunosawoti namaminerali amaningi, umthombo ungaba nezinga lokugeleza elinganele, njll. Ochwepheshe abanolwazi bazobala izingozi bese bexwayisa ikhasimende ngazo.
- Singasho ukuthi ngonyaka we-2020 amakhasimende wamaphrojekthi wokunisela aseqalile ukuqonda kangcono izinhlobo zemishini, amakhono ezinhlelo ezithile?
- Imishini yokunisela yabakhiqizi baseYurophu nabaseMelika yaqala ukuvela ezweni lethu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule. Vele, ngalesi sikhathi abantu bathole imininingwane eminingi ehlukahlukene ngobuchwepheshe bokunisela, umuntu othile wabheka ukuthi konke kusebenza kanjani kumaphrojekthi akhona, umuntu usethole ulwazi lwakhe (kokubili kuphumelele futhi, mhlawumbe, akuphumelelanga ngokuphelele). Amanye amabhizinisi ezolimo akwazile ukwethula amaphrojekthi okunisela, awanciphisa futhi awethula okwesibili (aqeda amaphutha edlule).
- Hlobo luni lwamaphutha?
- Kunezibonelo ezihlukile. Isibonelo, lapho kudizayinwa (ngokwengamela noma ngenxa yesifiso sokunciphisa izindleko eziphelele zezindleko), amapayipi obubanzi obuncane kunalokho obekudingeka abekiwe. Ngemuva kokwethulwa, kwavela ukuthi awekho amanzi anele okunisela, futhi ingxenye yesivuno kwakudingeka ishiywe kalula. Ngeshwa, "ukushiyeka" okunjalo akukwazi ukulungiswa ngokulungiswa okuncane.
- Ngabe ubuchwepheshe bokunisela buthuthukisa ngakuphi?
- Abenzi bezinto zokusebenza basebenzela ukwenza lula izimpilo zabasebenzisi futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yokusebenza kwemishini ngokwethula izinketho ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene.
I-Valley plant, ngokwesibonelo, isanda kunikezela ukufaka kabusha izinhlelo zokunisela ngenkasa nge "cruise control": ithuluzi elikhethekile eliqinisekisa ukuthi umshini ujikeleza uzungeze i-eksisi yawo ngesikhathi esithile (ngaphandle kokushelela ngemuva kokuma), ngokufanelekile ubuka isilinganiso esinikeziwe i-glaze.
Kukhona namapaneli wokulawula amasha ahlinzeka ngokuqapha nokulawulwa okusebenzayo kwemishini kude. Abasebenzisi banikezwe ithuba lokulawula ukude, kufaka phakathi iziteshi zokupompa.
- Ingabe iyadingeka?
- Yebo, izinto ezintsha ezinjalo ziletha umsebenzi ezingeni elisha. Ngamafuphi, lokhu kungukufakwa kwezolimo kwidijithali kusebenza - ikusasa, iningi labo eselivele likhona manje.
Ukufuna kabusha ngokusemthethweni
Ngo-2020, ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia, kuzosetshenziswa ama-ruble ayi-8,5 billion ekubuyiseni umhlaba, okuyi-10,4% ngaphezulu konyaka odlule.
Ku-2019, ivolumu yokusekelwa kombuso ngaphansi kohlelo lomnyango "Development of the Land Reclamation Complex of Russia" yaba ngamarandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5,7, nama-ruble ayi-2 billion. yayiqondiswe ngalezi zinhloso ngaphakathi kohlaka lwephrojekthi yombuso "Ukuthekelisa imikhiqizo yezolimo". Ngo-2020, uxhaso kwizabelomali zezifunda zokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo emkhakheni wokubuyiselwa komhlaba wezolimo luzoba ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-6,2. kanye nama-ruble ayi-2,3 billion. ngokulandelana.
Kusukela ngoJulayi 30, 2020, ama-agrarians aseRussia asevele athola ngaphezu kwama-ruble ayi-1,862 billion. uxhaso lwesabelomali semisebenzi yokubuyiselwa komhlaba. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezimali zoxhaso lukahulumeni lokuthuthukisa umhlaba kulo nyaka liphakeme kunangonyaka odlule. Ngakho-ke, kusukela kumkhawulo waminyaka yonke ohlinzekelwe isabelomali sikahulumeni, i-17,5% yalethwa kubakhiqizi bezolimo (kusukela ngosuku olufanayo ku-2019 - 7,8%).
Ama-ruble angu-1,496 billion. iwela ezimali zesabelomali sikahulumeni ngaphansi kohlelo lomnyango "Ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sokubuyisa seRussia" kanye nephrojekthi kahulumeni "Ukuthekelisa imikhiqizo yezolimo". Yonke enye imali esezimalini engu-RUB 366 million. - Izimali zesabelomali sesifunda.
Isifunda iVolga Federal District (41,3%), iNorthwestern Federal District (38%) neCentral Federal District (24,6%) njengamanje zihola ngokwezinga lokuletha uxhaso kubalimi. Abezolimo abasebenzisa izindlela zokubuyiselwa komhlaba esifundeni saseNovosibirsk bathole ukwesekwa okulindelwe kombuso ngokugcwele, ngaphezu kuka-92% - esifundeni saseSaratov, ngaphezu kuka-90% - esifundeni sase-Ulyanovsk.
Ohlelweni lombuso olusalungiswa lokubandakanyeka okusebenzayo komhlaba wezolimo ekusakazeni nasekuthuthukiseni indawo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuzijabulisa yaseRussia ngo-2021-2030, kuhlelwe ukukhulisa indawo yomhlaba ohlobisiwe okungenani amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-1,6 ezingeni lika-2018, lapho bekungamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-96,12. Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezitshalo emazweni athuthukisiwe eminyakeni eyishumi kufanele kukhuphuke ngo-10% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lowe-145. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokwehla kwempahla engaguquki yesakhiwo sokubuyiselwa komhlaba kubunikazi bombuso kufanele lehle lisuka kuma-2018% ngowezi-78 liye kuma-2020% ngo-49,9.
UMnyango Wezolimo ulindele ukuthi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezindawo zokulungisa kabusha ekupheleni kuka-2030, kuzokwazi ukuvimbela ukulahlwa kwamahektare afinyelela ezigidini ezi-3,8 zomhlaba obuyisiwe kusuka ekusakazweni, kanye nokuvikela kuze kufike kumahektare ayizinkulungwane ezingama-829,3 ekugugulekeni kwamanzi, izikhukhula nezikhukhula.
Ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezivela ku-Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre of Agroanalytics"