Umbhalo: UVeronica Perova
Ochwepheshe babikezela ukukhula kwemakethe yemifino ephilayo yaseRussia
Imakethe yemifino ephilayo eRussia isanda kuqala: bangu-12 kuphela abakhiqizi abaqinisekisiwe bale mikhiqizo ezweni, iningi lemifino ephilayo isangeniswa. Kodwa-ke, amandla walesi sikhombisi makhulu - isidingo semifino ephilayo enempilo futhi iyakhula, futhi nangesikhathi sobhadane, abathengisi abakubonanga ukwehla kokuthengiswa kwalesi sigaba semikhiqizo yokudla. Ochwepheshe nabahlanganyeli bemakethe bayaqiniseka ukuthi ukukhula kwemifino ephilayo ekhulayo isiseduze.
NgoJanuwari 2020, iFederal Law on Organic Production N 280-FZ yaqala ukusebenza eRussia, eyethula izinqubo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye: ukwenziwa kohlelo lokunikezwa izitifiketi ngokuya ngamazinga kazwelonke, amazwe angaphandle nawomhlaba wonke, ukuvela kophawu lwesithombe irejista ebumbene yabakhiqizi bezinto eziphilayo kuwebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia.
Lo mbhalo usungula incazelo yemikhiqizo ephilayo futhi ulawula imigomo yokukhiqizwa kwawo, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, ukufakwa amalebula nokuthengiswa. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuvela komthetho kuzoba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo eRussia jikelele kanye nokukhula kwemifino ikakhulukazi, kanye nokwandisa ukuheha kwalesi sigaba kubalimi.
Imakethe encane enamandla amakhulu
Njengamanje, ivolumu yemakethe yaseRussia yemikhiqizo ephilayo incane, iningi layo (cishe ama-80%) lingeniswa livela phesheya.
Ngokusho kweNational Organic Union (NOS), okwamanje eRussia, kusuka kuma-300 kuya kuma-360 ayizinkulungwane zamahektha omhlaba aqinisekisiwe ngokukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ezinye zazo kungumhlaba wokuguqulwa nezindawo eziqinisekisiwe zamaphrojekthi wesikhathi esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200-220 kuphela omhlaba ofanele ukulima ngokwemvelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kukhona amahektha ayizigidi ezingama-34 omhlaba olimekayo olinywayo ezweni, ofanele ukulima ngokwemvelo.
Ngaphansi kuka-1% wamabhizinisi ezolimo abandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo eRussia, futhi kuze kube muva nje inani labo alikaze lenyuke. Kodwa-ke, manje isimo sesiqale ukuguquka sibe ngcono, kufaka phakathi umkhakha wokukhiqiza izithelo nemifino.
Ngokusho komqondisi omkhulu weNational Organic Union, u-Oleg Mironenko, kwabakhiqizi abaqinisekisiwe abangama-82 baseRussia, amabhizinisi ayi-12 kuphela enza ngokukhethekile ukutshala izitshalo zemifino, ikakhulukazi endle.
"Ukutshala imifino engokwemvelo akuyona inkomba elula, kepha kunamathuba amaningi," kusho uKsenia Firsova, isazi esihamba phambili somzimba wesitifiketi se-organic "Isazi se-Organic", umhloli-mabhuku wamazinga wamazwe omhlaba e-EU / NOP
IKiwa BCS Öko-Garantie GmbH (eJalimane). Ngokusho kochwepheshe, imikhiqizo emisha ephilayo iyathakazelisa kubathengi baseRussia, kepha ukukhiqizwa kwayo - ukutshala imifino esezingeni eliphakeme, ukuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni ngezindlela ezivunyelwe ekukhiqizeni okungokwemvelo, ukugcina izitshalo ezimeni ezifanele, ukuphathwa kwezinto - kudinga abalimi ukuthi bathathe ukucabangela, okunembile futhi okufika ngesikhathi.
"Amapulazi amaningi atshala imifino atholakala eStavropol naseKrasnodar Territories naseVoronezh Region, lapho ungatshala khona imifino ngaphandle kwezimo zemvelo," kuphawula u-Oleg Mironenko. - Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthathwa izinyathelo kulezi zifunda uku
ukuxhasa umkhakha wezolimo ovela kuziphathimandla zendawo ”. Isibonelo, Isifunda saseVoronezh sixhasa inqubo yesitifiketi ngo-100% nokuthengwa kwama-biofertilizers ngama-50%. Futhi, inkinga yokwethula okungeziwe
ezombusazwe nehektha ngalinye ukwesekwa kwabakhiqizi bemvelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, akusekho ukwesekwa okukhulu kwezwe ngomkhakha wezinto eziphilayo ezingeni likahulumeni eRussia, umqondisi omkhulu weNational Organic Union uyazisola.
UKsenia Firsova uqinisekisa ukuthi amathuba okuthola uxhaso ancike esifundeni, futhi uncoma ukuthi abalimi bacacise inqubo yokubuyisela izindleko zesitifiketi semvelo kumnyango wesifunda noma kumnyango wezolimo. "Izindleko zokukhishwa kwesitifiketi zibalwa ezinsukwini zokucwaningwa kwamabhuku ngamunye ngakunye komkhiqizo othile," kukhumbula uchwepheshe.
"Amapulazi asezindaweni eziseningizimu, njengomthetho, agxile kumakhabe, ukhukhamba, utamatisi nophizi," u-Oleg Mironenko uyaqhubeka nokukhuluma ngabahlanganyeli bemakethe. - Futhi izinkampani ezifundeni zaseMoscow, iLeningrad neKaluga zikhula ikakhulu amazambane, izaqathe, ama-beet, iklabishi - okusethiwa njenge-borscht. Kodwa isivuno sabo esikhulu kusengamazambane. " Phakathi kwezinkampani ezitshala imifino ephilayo, uchwepheshe uqamba igama elithi "Biofarm of Kuban" eningizimu yeKrasnodar Territory, "Organic Around" eStavropol Territory, "Bolotovo", "Vasilki", "Ryabinka" esifundeni saseMoscow nase abanye.
Usihlalo weBhodi ye-Union of Organic Agriculture, ilungu lomkhandlu womphakathi woMnyango Wezolimo weRussia Federation, Oqokelwe Isayensi Yezokufundisa uSergei Korshunov uphawula ukuthi imakethe yaseRussia yemifino ephilayo emhlabathini ovulekile manje isiyakhiwa nje, ngenkathi kungamakhulu amahektha kuphela omhlaba ophilayo. "Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunabahlanganyeli bezimakethe abebelima imifino yemvelo iminyaka eminingi," kusho uSergey Korshunov. - Isibonelo, iBiofarm yaseKuban ibisebenza eKrasnodar Territory kusukela ngo-2012. Kuyiqiniso, manje ipulazi seligxile kakhulu emifinweni yokushisa izithombo futhi likhula utamatisi, ukhukhamba, isipinashi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zamafilimu, kanye namakhabe nemithambo ”.
Omunye umdlali emakethe, oyilungu le-Union of Organic Farming, yinkampani i-Organic Around, ekhiqiza okusanhlamvu, izitshalo zezimboni, nemifino yasensimini evulekile futhi izicubungule eStavropol Territory. USergey Korshunov ugcizelela ukuthi ngonyaka we-2019
le nkampani ithole isitifiketi se-organic organic.
"Siqinisekiswe ngokuhambisana nemithetho ye-EU 837/2007, 889/2008," kuqinisekisa inhloko yepulazi i-Organic Around, Ph.D. n. U-Amiran Zanilov. "Sizothola isitifiketi saseRussia kulo nyaka." Uthe kusukela ngonyaka odlule ukulungiswa kwe-assortment kuye kwalungiswa. Ngakho-ke, inkampani yashiya ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ephilayo, okwakumele ithengiswe ingalungiswa, okungukuthi, kusukela kumakhabe (amakhabe namakhabe). Ku- "Organic Around" bayavuma ukuqala kabusha komsebenzi ngalezi zilimo, kepha kuphela ngemuva kokuthi kucace ukuthi yini engakhiqizwa kubo nokuthi iyiphi imishini, futhi kukhona nezimali zokutholwa kwayo.
"Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sayandisa indawo ngaphansi kwamatamatisi, amathanga futhi saqala ukutshala ukhukhamba," kusho u-Amiran Zanilov. "Siphinde sihlele ukuqala ukukhiqiza ugalikhi kanye nezinongo."
Imifino engaphandle engokwemvelo iyimpahla yonyaka edingeka kakhulu kubantu, kusho uSergei Korshunov. “Ziqhathanisa kahle nezici zazo zokunambitheka. Abantu balahlekelwe utamatisi onamakha katamatisi futhi bazimisele ukukhokha inani eliphakeme ngawo,
Njengeminye nje imifino ephilayo, ”usho kanje.
Ngokusho kukaKorshunov, abakhiqizi bavame ukulwela ukungena ezimakethe zaseMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, nasemadolobheni amakhulu. Babala kuze kufike kuma-90% wokuthengisa okuphilayo. “Kepha abantu kufanele badle imikhiqizo enempilo nemvelo, ikakhulukazi emisha nenezinkathi ezithile zonyaka, kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia. Lapho ngiwukhiqize khona, ngawuthengisa lapho, lokhu kungenye yezimiso eziyinhloko zezinto eziphilayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi i-supply chain ibe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka, nokuthi imikhiqizo intsha futhi ingeyendalo, ”kuqinisekisa uSergei Korshunov.
Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Amiran Zanilov udonsela ukunakekela ekutheni inani lezinto ezisetshenziswayo lenyuka njalo ngonyaka, elihlotshaniswa nokwenyuka kwezindleko zikaphethiloli, imigwaqo ekhokhelwayo, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhekiswa kuphela emakethe yenhlokodolobha isikhathi eside kubandakanya ingozi yokushintsha ibhalansi yesidingo futhi
okunikezwayo esifundeni esithile. “Ngakho-ke iqhinga lenkampani yethu ukungena ezimakethe zezifunda. Ngenhlanhla, inqubomgomo yamanani iyakuvumela, - uyachaza. "Namuhla, cishe ama-85% emikhiqizo yethu ithengiswa ezifundeni." Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yosizo lweChamber of Commerce and Industry yaseRepublic of North Ossetia-Alania, imikhiqizo ye "Organic Around" ithengiswa ezitolo eziyishumi nambili eNyakatho Ossetia.
I-Organic Farming Union ibuye isekele isu lokuthuthukisa eliqondiswe esifundeni le-Organic Around.
"Siyabona ukuthi ukungena kwezinto eziphilayo ezimakethe zesifunda kuyinto entsha," kugcizelela uSergey Korshunov. Umkhuba ofanayo, ngokusho kwakhe, wenziwa ngamalungu e-Union of Organic Farming eSiberia. Isibonelo, u-IE Volkov eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule wavula iphrojekthi yeKalina-Malina yokuthengisa imikhiqizo yepulazi. Umema ngokomthetho ukubambisana kuphela abaseSiberia nabalimi kuphela, hhayi ukubamba ezolimo. Iphrojekthi ithuthuka ngempumelelo naku-2020. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, abahlinzeki beKalina-Malina, kubandakanya nabakhiqizi bemifino, ngosizo lweNyunyana kulo nyaka
bazofaka isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi semvelo.
Kodwa-ke, umqondisi omkhulu we-NOS u-Oleg Mironenko ungeza impukane emafutheni engxoxweni, ekhumbula ukuthambekela okudabukisayo kulo nyaka okuhambisana nobhadane lwe-coronavirus. “Ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwemifino ngaphandle kwezifunda lapho ikhiqizwe khona, kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokukhiqizwa ngenxa yokwenyuka kwedola (imbewu, imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, izingxenye ezisele, njll. Njalo kufanele kuthengwe ngemali yakwamanye amazwe), amanye amapulazi e-organic abakwazanga ukuthengisa isilimo esitshaliwe, - uyakhumbula. "Bekufanele ngibhekane nokukhetha: ukubhubhisa imifino ehlose ukuthengiswa kwezinye izifunda, noma ukuyidayisa ezimakethe zasendaweni ezingaphansi kwenani lentengo".
Eqhubeka nengxoxo ngamathrendi, uSergei Korshunov uphinde waphawula ukuthi ukunakwa okukhethekile manje sekukhokhelwa ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokuqeqesha, ukudluliswa kolwazi emkhakheni wezolimo wezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, i-Union of Organic Farming, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesibonelelo sikamongameli, ibambe ukuqeqeshwa kwamahhala ekukhiqizeni utamatisi wemvelo enkundleni evulekile enkampanini ye- "Organic Around" ngo-Agasti 2020. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, leli pulazi seliphenduke isikhungo sesayensi nesisebenzisekayo, lapho kusetshenzwa khona ngobuchwepheshe bezolimo obukhiqizayo bezitshalo zemifino ezingeni elibucayi. Ubalule nokuthi umphathi wepulazi, uPh.D. n. U-Amiran Zanilov ungumuntu owaziwayo ekunyakazeni kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nomlobi wezincomo zesayensi nezindlela ze-Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation kwezolimo eziphilayo, eshicilelwe ngo-2018.
Phakathi kwemicimbi ebalulekile yomphakathi ophilayo, u-Oleg Mironenko uphinde waqamba ukuqala kwephrojekthi yokukhiqizwa kwembewu yemifino ephilayo ekhula ngesisekelo sepulazi iBioferma Kuban, lapho inkampani enkulu yezimbewu iPoisk ibamba iqhaza khona. “Lo msebenzi uqale ngo-2020
unyaka. Lokhu ukugwinya kwethu kokuqala emkhakheni wokudala imbewu yasekhaya yokukhulisa imifino, "- kusho umphathi omkhulu weNOS ngokuziqhenya.
I-Value Added Product
Njengoba u-Oleg Mironenko asho, eRussia, ubuncane bemifino ephilayo ekhulayo iphindwe kaningana kunengxenye yendabuko. "Futhi, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kule ndawo, izindleko zokukhiqiza zemifino ephilayo aziphezulu kakhulu kunezolimo lwakudala," uyanezela.
Njengesibonelo, umqondisi omkhulu weNational Organic Union ubalula okwenzeka eKrasnodar. Kukhona izindleko namuhla
ukukhiqizwa kwemifino ephilayo kuphakama kuphela ngama-30-40% kunokulinywa kwemikhiqizo yendabuko. Futhi ukuzithengisa, njengoba kuchaza isazi, kungabiza kakhulu: kunesidingo semifino ephilayo, futhi amanani asungulwe aphezulu kunemifino ejwayelekile.
Futhi, ngokusho kwakhe, ulwazi lwenkampani "Bioferma Kuban" luyathakazelisa. "Kwavela ukuthi izindleko zokutshala utamatisi we-cherry wamakhemikhali ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zefilimu zingalingana nezindleko zokutshala izinhlobo zakudala zalesi sitshalo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bezimboni," kusho
U-Oleg Mironenko. "Mhlawumbe lesi silinganiso singagcinwa lapho kutshalwa utamatisi endle."
U-Amiran Zanilov ugcizelela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo engokwemvelo, okokuqala, kufanele kuthathwe njengebhizinisi eligxile kwezenhlalo, inhloso enkulu yayo ukwenza inzuzo. "Kubalimi abakwaziyo ukuthola umkhiqizo onenani eliphakeme elengeziwe ngenxa yemingcele yemvelo, ukutshala imifino yemvelo kuzoba nenzuzo kwezomnotho," uqinisekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uSergey Korshunov udonsela ukunakekelwa kweqiniso lokuthi ubuncane bokukhiqizwa kwemifino ephilayo buxhomeke kuziteshi zokuthengisa. Okuvamile, ngokusho kwakhe, kubhekwa njengenzuzo engama-30%.
Okwamanje, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo engeniswa engeniswa yethulwa emashalofini aluhlaza ezitolo ze-premium chain (ngokwesibonelo, u-Azbuka Vkusa), kukhumbula u-Amiran Zanilov. “Uma inkampani yethu ingathengisa imifino efanayo yomkhiqizo wethu
(nge-Evrolistk) ngentengo ephindwe ka-5-6 eshibhile kunaleyo engenisiwe, inzuzo ingafinyelela ku-80-100%, "kusho inhloko ye-Organic Around.
Ngokusho kuka-Oleg Mironenko, manje iningi lezitolo lapho kukhona ishalofu elinemikhiqizo ephilayo likhononda ngokushoda kwemifino nezithelo futhi zikulungele ukuzithenga kubakhiqizi bezolimo basekhaya abaqinisekisiwe. Uthe ngaphambi kobhadane lwe-coronavirus, umthengi
isidingo semifino ephilayo besikhula kancane, futhi nangesikhathi sokuzihlukanisa, amaketanga ezentengiselwano awazange abike ukwehla okukhulu ekuthengisweni kwalesi sigaba somkhiqizo, naphezu kokwehla kwemali engenayo yomndeni. “Inkinga ukuthi ayikho imifino uqobo,” kugcizelela u-Oleg Mironenko wakhala nangokuthi ukunwetshwa kwezindawo zokukhiqiza imifino ephilayo akwenzeki ngokushesha ngendlela ebesingathanda ngayo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ochwepheshe nabahlanganyeli bemakethe balindele ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo inani lamapulazi emifino aqinisekisiwe eRussia azokhula ngokushesha.
Ungasithola kanjani isitifiketi?
UKsenia Firsova, isazi esihamba phambili senkampani ye-Organic Expert, ukhulume ngokuningiliziwe ngenqubo yokunikezwa izitifiketi kanye nezidingo zamapulazi. "Ngokomthetho we-Federal" On Organic Products ", amabhizinisi adlulise inqubo yesitifiketi somkhiqizo wawo anelungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu olulodwa" lwe-organic "kanye negama elithi" organic "emaphaketheni abo," kusho uchwepheshe. - Isitifiketi senziwa ngokuya nge-GOST 33980-2016 ejwayelekile “Imikhiqizo ye-Organic. Imithetho yokukhiqiza, ukucubungula, ukufaka amalebuli nokuthengisa ”emzimbeni ogunyaziwe wokuqinisekisa”.
UKsenia Firsova uchaze ukuthi indinganiso ibeka izidingo ezithile emapulazini ezitshalo: ukugcina ukuzala kwenhlabathi (ngokwesibonelo, ubukhona bokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo), ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kanye nemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo (kungavunyelwa izinto ezivunyelwe kuphela). Kunezidingo ezikhethekile zembewu nokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, okungokwemvelo akuvunyelwe ukukhula kuma-hydroponics. "Izimo zokuqoqwa, ukupakisha, ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa kwemikhiqizo ephilayo nazo zilungisiwe ngokusemthethweni," kuchaza uchwepheshe. “Isibonelo, idinga ukuthi ikhiqizwe, igcinwe futhi ithuthwe ngokuhlukile kusuka kuzinto ezingezona ezemvelo. Abenzi kufanele bayeke ukupakisha okungaholela ekungcoleni komkhiqizo nezemvelo, kufaka phakathi i-polyvinyl chloride. "
Kubalulekile, ngokombono wakhe, ukuhlanganisa umqondo wesikhathi soguquko - lesi yisikhathi esithile lapho izidingo ezisungulwe ekukhiqizweni kwemvelo zisetshenziswa, kepha imikhiqizo ayikaziwa njengokwemvelo. "Izindawo ezihlwanyelwe (e
kufaka phakathi ukutshalwa kwezitshalo zemifino) isikhathi soguquko okungenani iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokutshala, ”kugcizelela uKsenia Firsova.
Kuze kube manje, izinhlangano ezintathu zezitifiketi zivunyelwe eRussia. Ububanzi babo bokugunyazwa nemininingwane yokuxhumana esemthethweni ingatholakala kwirejista ye-Federal Accreditation Agency, amanothi kaFirsova. “Ngeshwa, kumele sikhulume ngalokhu ngokwehlukana, njengoba amacala esaziwa ukuthi nini
abakhohlisi banikela ngezinsizakalo zabo egameni lesitifiketi esaziwayo, okusobala njengegatsha elalingekho ngokoqobo, ”uyanezela. Uma umkhiqizi waseRussia ehlela ukuletha imikhiqizo yakhe yemvelo phesheya, khona-ke akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwesitifiketi samazwe omhlaba, uchwepheshe uyakhumbuza.
Ngamehlo okuthekelisa
Ukuqinisekiswa kwamazwe omhlaba kuvulela amabhizinisi indlela yokungena ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, kuqhubeka uKsenia Firsova. “Ngasikhathi sinye, banquma ukuthi hlobo luni lwesitifiketi esidingekayo, ngokuya ngemakethe yokuthengisa engaba khona, ngoba amazinga ahlukile emazweni ahlukene. ERussia, isitifiketi esisatshalaliswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke sihambisana namazinga e-EU noma e-US, uyaphawula, "ukunikwa isitifiketi kweJapan neChina akuvamile kakhulu".
Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokunikezwa izitifiketi, uchwepheshe we- "Organic Expert" ukweluleka ukuthi uzijwayeze izinga (bonke banokungafani kwabo) bese ukhetha umzimba wokuthola isitifiketi. “Isibonelo, ngokwe-organic organic standard yase-Europe, cishe izinkampani eziyi-15 eziqinisekisa amazwe zinegunya lokwenza le nqubo eRussia, okungekho ngaphezu kwesigamu esebenza ngenkuthalo,” ucacisile.
Ngokusho kukaFirsova, inqubo ngokwayo ayihlukile kakhulu kuleyo yaseRussia, kepha kukhona ubunzima. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumana nesiqinisekisi nemibhalo kuzoba ngesiNgisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici eziningi ezihlotshaniswa nokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ye-organic, isibonelo,
ukubhaliswa kwezitifiketi zokuthengiselana ezibizwa ngeqoqo ngalinye. "Kodwa-ke, uma uqonda ngokushesha yonke imishikashika yokuthola izitifiketi, ubunzima obungalindelekile bungagwenywa," uyakuqinisekisa.
Ngokusho kukaSergey Korshunov, ivolumu yokuphakelwa kwayo yonke imikhiqizo yemvelo evela eRussia ekupheleni kuka-2019 ilinganiselwa kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyi-9. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eluhlaza okusanhlamvu, imidumba kanye nembewu kawoyela, kanye nezitshalo zasendle. Amandla amakhulu okuthekelisa phakathi kwemifino ephilayo, ngokombono wakhe, ithanga nogalikhi.
Ngokusho kuka-Amiran Zanilov, okwamanje kunesidingo esikhulu sezinto zokusetshenziswa emakethe yomhlaba, amapulazi aseRussia angakwazi ukuwanelisa ngokugcwele ngenxa yemithamo emincane yokukhiqiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono ka-Oleg Mironenko, akunangqondo ukuthi amabhizinisi asekhaya athumele imifino emazweni angaphandle futhi anqobe izimakethe zangaphandle, ngoba imakethe yasekhaya yemikhiqizo yemvelo ayikagcwaliswa ezweni. "Ukuthengisa imifino eRussia manje kunenzuzo njengokuyithumela phesheya - inani lentengo alihlukile kakhulu," kusho uchwepheshe. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele sikunake ukuthi sekukhona amazwe ahlala endaweni ethembekile ekuhlinzekweni kwemifino ephilayo. I-Italy isendaweni yokuqala, ilandelwa yiSpain ne-Ukraine. "
Ngokombono, izwe kufanele libe nentshisekelo ekuthengisweni kwemifino esetshenzisiwe enenani elengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, eRussia, cishe awekho amaphrojekthi wokucubungula okujulile kwemikhiqizo yezithelo nemifino, kusho u-Oleg Mironenko. "Ungatshala imifino noma izithelo, kepha uziguqule zibe izitshulu, ama-compotes, ujamu noma izithelo ezomisiwe bese ngasikhathi sinye ugcine umkhiqizo wokugcina unzima: akukho ndawo yokwenza lokhu," kuchaza uchwepheshe.
Ngaphandle kobunzima, inkampani "i-Organic Around" njengamanje isebenza ekuthekelweni kwemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe (ikakhulukazi uwoyela wemifino). Izingxoxo zokuqala ziyaqhubeka. "Inhloso yebhizinisi e-Italy ehlelwe yi-Fund for Small Business Support yaseStavropol Territory, ngeshwa, yehlulekile ngenxa yokusabalala kwe-coronavirus," kuphawula u-Amiran Zanilov.
Amaphuzu wezinhlungu nezindlela zesikhathi eside
Manje phakathi kwabakhiqizi, intshisekelo yesitifiketi ikhula kancane. UKsenia Firsova uxhuma lokhu nokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwesihloko sokukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo eRussia: ukusebenza komthetho wemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, ukuba khona kwezinhlelo zemixhaso, izinhlelo zezemfundo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamandla okuthumela ngaphandle. Njengoba lonke uchungechunge luqinisekisiwe ekukhiqizeni okuphilayo, ngokombono wakhe, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezinto eziphilayo kungaqhubeka njenge-avalanche.
"Ukuthengisa kudinga izinkampani ukuthi ziqinisekise izimangalo eziphilayo ngokupakishwa, ngakho-ke ukucubungula izitshalo kuhamba ziyofuna izinto eziphilayo," kuchaza uKsenia Firsova. "Imfuyo idinga ifolishi eliphilayo, ukukhula kwezitshalo kudinga umanyolo kanye nembewu, imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ukuvikela izitshalo." Njengendawo yokubhekisela, sinokuhlangenwe nakho komhlaba kokunyakaza okungokwemvelo, okukhombisa ukuthi ingakhula kanjani, ibe namandla kangakanani futhi iphumelele kangakanani uhlelo lwezolimo lwezinto eziphilayo, amanothi ochwepheshe.
Vele, imakethe yezinto eziphilayo eRussia isathuthuka, futhi yonke ingqalasizinda yokuxhaswa kwayo ayithuthuki, u-Oleg Mironenko udonsela ukunaka. "Ama-Biofertilizers nemikhiqizo yebhayoloji yemifino ekhulayo, imbewu edingekayo iyadingeka," uhlu lochwepheshe. "Lezi zindawo ziyaqala ukuthuthuka." Ngaphandle kwalezi zikhala, imakethe yaseRussia ephilayo ilwela ukukhula nentuthuko.
Ngendlela
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi akuzona zonke izitshalo zemifino (ngokwesibonelo, izaqathe, ama-beet, iklabishi) ezingavikelwa ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla umsebenzi osebenzayo uyaqhubeka kuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa ama-nzalo amasha amelana nezilokazane.
Inkinga ebucayi kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo zemifino (ngokwesibonelo, iklabishi) ezinambuzaneni ezifana namabhu, ama-thrips nama-aphid, kusuka kancane
ukhula nezifo. Ngakho-ke, uma, ngokwesilinganiso, ukwelashwa okukodwa kwamakhemikhali kusetshenziselwa ukuvikela iklabishi ezifweni kanye neyodwa noma ezimbili - kukhula, khona-ke inani
ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ezilwa nezilokazane (njengamabhu namathrips) kungafinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili kuye kwayisishiyagalolunye.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe bemboni, isisusa sokuthuthuka kwemakethe yezinto eziphilayo kungaba ukutholakala kwezinsimbi zezezimali nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zezikweletu ezihlose ukuhlomisa amapulazi ngemishini nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo. Into ebalulekile empumelelweni futhi ukutholakala kwezisebenzi ezikhethekile nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa abasebenzi.
U-Amiran Zanilov uqinisekisa ukuthi: ukuze kukhule ngokuqhubekayo ekukhuleni kwemifino ephilayo, kudingeka ubuchwepheshe ukufeza izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphakeme kancane kunokukhiqizwa kwendabuko. Ikakhulukazi, sikhuluma ngokufakwa kobuchwepheshe bokonga izinsiza ekukhiqizeni okuphilayo, kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo lokuvikela izitshalo zemifino kukhula, izinambuzane nezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho,
kubalulekile ukumboza ngenkuthalo isihloko sendaba ephilayo ngokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe abavela emkhakheni we-biology nemithi. "Kodwa ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu, engilulindele ngokwami, ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo ephilayo ekudleni kwabasenkulisa kanye nabafundi bezikole zamabanga aphansi," kusho inhloko ye-Organic Around. - Lokhu kuzoba ukutshalwa kwezimali okuyinhloko emandleni abantu ezweni! "
Eminyakeni ezayo, njengoba uSergei Korshunov eqinisekisa, ukukhula kwemakethe yaseRussia yokukhiqiza kwezolimo kulindeleke, ikakhulukazi esigabeni semifino. “Imifino emisha yesizini iyisiqinisekiso sempilo kanye nokuzivikela okuqinile, manje abantu sebenake kakhulu imikhiqizo ewusizo nokuqinisa umzimba. Ngakho-ke imifino ephilayo yinto ende! " - isazi siyathembisa.
“Ungakhuluma kakhulu ngezinkinga, ungabhala ngisho nesifundo esikhulu ngazo, kepha abathengi sebevele badinga imifino ephilayo namhlanje. Futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, abakhiqizi bethu bazama ukuzikhulisa. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuxhasa amabhizinisi asekhaya kulolu daba olunzima, ”kuphetha u-Oleg Mironenko.