Ososayensi beSouth Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing (Chelyabinsk) - ukwahlukaniswa kwesakhiwo kwe-UrFANITs Ural Branch ye-Russian Academy of Sciences - babhalisa entsha amazambane ezihlukahlukene Kashtak. Ngokwalo mbhalo, izinhlobo ezintsha zinconywa ukuthi zilinywe esifundeni sase-Ural (izifunda zaseBashkortostan, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Kurgan).
Izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zihlukaniswa ukumelana nesomiso, isivuno esizinzile nesiphezulu (kufika kumathani angama-50 ihektha ngalinye), ukumelana nezifo kanye nokwethulwa okuhle kwama-tubers anesikhumba esibomvu kanye ne-pulp ephuzi. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezomile, ikakhulukazi isitashi esingu-17,6-19,0%, amazambane anokunambitheka okuhle futhi anconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe etafuleni.
I-Kashtak ibonakala ngesihlahla esiphakathi esisakazeka kancane esinohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthuke kahle kanye nezimbali ezinde. Ukuvuthwa okuphakathi (izinsuku ezingama-90). Inombolo yezilimo eziyizigaxa esidlekeni izingcezu eziyi-10-12. Izinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukumelana ne-crayfish yamazambane, i-golden potato nematode, i-blight ephuzile, i-scab evamile.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Kashtak zitholakala ngokuwela okulawulwayo kwezinhlobo ze-Raya (ifomu likamama) kanye ne-Cosmos (ifomu lobaba). Ukuqala komsebenzi - hybridization - kwaba ngo-2002. Njengehybrid ethembisa kakhulu, iphumelele ukukhethwa kokuncintisana ngo-2008-2010. Futhi-ke ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kwaqhubeka ezindaweni zaseChelyabinsk nase-Orenburg kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zokufakwa kwirejista yombuso. Namuhla ingenye yezinhlobo ezithembisayo kakhulu esifundeni sase-Ural. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenye ehlukahlukene eyaziwa kakade i-Spiridon (ukukhethwa yi-YUNIISK, okufakwe kurejista yezimpumelelo zokuzalanisa ze-Russian Federation ngo-2001), i-Kashtak inokukhiqiza okungcono kakhulu - isivuno samathani angama-35 no-46 ngehektha ngalinye, ngokulandelana. E-Orenburg, uhlobo olusha lukhiqize amathani angaphezu kuka-50 ehektheleni ngalinye, ”kusho uTamara Tikhonovna Dergileva, umcwaningi omkhulu eSouth Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing, umbhali-bale wezinhlobonhlobo.
Abalimi baseChelyabinsk bachitha iminyaka engaba ngu-20 ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo olusha lwamazambane eKashtak. Namuhla, ososayensi bayaqhubeka nokucwaninga futhi bahlanganyela ekwandeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo zembewu, ezingathengwa eminyakeni emibili.
Ukuze uthole ireferensi. I-South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing (isigaba sesakhiwo se-Ural Federal Research Center ye-Ural Branch ye-Russian Academy of Sciences) yasungulwa ngokuqaliswa kwe-I.V. Michurin eminyakeni engu-90 edlule. Izindawo eziyinhloko zomsebenzi: ucwaningo oluyisisekelo nolusetshenzisiwe emkhakheni wokukhetha, ukukhiqizwa kwembewu, ubuchwepheshe bokutshala izitshalo zezithelo namajikijolo namazambane. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ososayensi balesi sikhungo bakha izinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu zezithelo, izitshalo zamajikijolo namazambane, okwenza isisekelo se-assortment elinganiselwe yendawo yezolimo eyingozi - izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 zezitshalo ze-horticultural namazambane angama-34. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokulima ingadi yezimboni kanye ne-amateur kanye nokutshala amazambane sebuthuthukisiwe.