Ngokombiko oshicilelwe ku eLife, izinqubo zokuzivikela ezisetshenziswa izitshalo ukuze zibone futhi zisabele ezinambuzaneni ezivamile, isibungu, zavela esakhini sofuzo esisodwa esavela phakathi nezigidi zeminyaka, kubika Ingosi ye-Phys.org.
Ucwaningo lwaseWashington lwathola ukuthi ezinye izitshalo, njengobhontshisi wesoya, ziye zalahlekelwa yilofuzo oluvikelayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi ukubuyisela isakhi sofuzo (ngokuzalanisa okukhethiwe noma ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo) kungasiza ukuvikela isitshalo ekuhlulekeni kwezitshalo.
Impilo yesitshalo incike amasosha omzimba alizuza njengefa. Ezitshalweni, lokhu kusho ukuzuza njengefa izinhlobo ezithile zokuqaphela ama-receptors angakwazi ukubona amagciwane ahlukahlukene nama-peptide futhi acuphe impendulo efanele yokuzivikela komzimba.
Ukuzuza njengefa izinhlobo ezifanele zama-receptors wokuqaphela iphethini kungase kuvumele izitshalo ukuthi zibone izinsongo futhi zibhekane nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ukuze kubhekwane naleli gebe, ithimba laqala ukuhlonza izenzakalo ezibalulekile zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezavumela izitshalo ukuba ziphendule usongo oluvamile: isibungu. Kwase kwaziwa ukuthi izinhlobo zemidumba, okuhlanganisa nobhontshisi we-mung kanye nophizi onamehlo amnyama, zinekhono eliyingqayizivele lokusabela kuma-peptide akhiqizwa emilonyeni yezibungu njengoba zihlafuna amaqabunga ezitshalo.
Ososayensi baye bahlola izakhi zofuzo zaleli qembu lezitshalo ngokuningiliziwe ukuze bathole ukuthi ingabe isamukeli sokuqashelwa kwephethini evamile, esibizwa ngokuthi i-inceptin receptor (INR), sishintshile ezigidini zeminyaka, sithola noma silahlekelwa amandla okubona amacimbi.
Bathole ukuthi isakhi sofuzo esisodwa esineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-28 sihambisana kahle nokusabela kwamasosha omzimba esitshalo kuma-peptide esibungu. Baphinde bathola ukuthi phakathi kwenzalo yokhokho bokuqala bezitshalo abaqala ukwakha isakhi sofuzo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ezingakwazi ukusabela kuma-peptide esibungu, okungukuthi, zilahlekelwe isakhi sofuzo.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lesi sakhi sofuzo sasendulo salithola kanjani ikhono lokubona ama-peptide amasha kumagciwane esimanje, leli qembu lasebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha kokulandelana kwamadlozi, lapho lalihlanganisa khona ulwazi oluvela kuzo zonke izamukeli zesimanje. izakhi zofuzo ukubikezela ukulandelana kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-28. Le receptor yamadlozi ikwazile ukusabela kuma-peptide esibungu. Kodwa-ke, inguqulo endala kancane enezinguquko ezingu-16 ngokulandelana kwe-receptor yehlulekile.
Lokhu umlando wofuzo, kuhlanganiswe namamodeli ekhompiyutha akhombisa ukuthi izakhiwo zama-receptor zasendulo nezanamuhla zingahluka kanjani, zinikeza izinkomba zokuthi isamukeli savela kanjani. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-32 edlule, ukufakwa okuyinhloko kwesakhi sofuzo esisha kwafakwa ku-genome yesitshalo sokhokho, okulandelwa ukuvela kwemvelo okusheshayo kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-receptor entsha. Enye yalezi zinhlobo ithole ikhono lokusabela kuma-peptide esibungu, futhi leli khono elisha manje selihlanganyelwa inqwaba yezinhlobo zemidumba etholakalayo.
Ngokuzayo, ososayensi banethemba lokufunda kabanzi mayelana nezinqubo zesikali sofuzo ezikhiqiza ukwahlukahlukana okusha kwama-receptor futhi zihlonze njengama-immune receptors angakaziwa emaqenjini ezitshalo. Njengoba amanani engeziwe efika idatha ye-genomic, izindlela ezinjalo zizohlonza ama-receptors "alahlekile" ayizici eziwusizo zokubuyiselwa ezitshalweni ukusiza ukuvikela izitshalo.