U-Irina BERG
Ngokukhulayo, ama-drones angabonakala emasimini aseRussia, ematasa eqoqa ulwazi mayelana nezitshalo noma azicubungule.
Imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu yenza umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi, umphumela wawo othinta ngqo izinkomba zekhwalithi nenani ukukhiqiza.
Mayelana nezinzuzo eziyinhloko zama-drones asebenza kwezolimo umnotho, kanye nezici zokusetshenziswa kwazo ezweni lethu utshele abamele izinkampani zokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe.
EHLUKILE OKUSEBENZA
Umholi ekukhiqizeni izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu (UAVs) yiChina, lapho imboni ngokwayo yazalwa khona. Namuhla, ama-drones asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezomnotho, futhi isizukulwane esisha ngasinye sama-drones siyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ekhuluma ngama-drones ezolimo, inhloko yomnyango we-geodetic weRusgeocom LLC Anatoly Penyuta bazihlukanise zibe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: amayunithi okuthwebula izithombe nevidiyo kanye nemishini yokucubungula amasimu.
Umphathi Wokuthengisa e-Aimetro LLC (omele i-DJI) UDmitry Kalinin uthe imakethe yaseRussia inama-drones athuthukile okuhlaziya isimo sezempilo sezitshalo, afakwe amakhamera okuqapha okubonakalayo.
I-drone enjalo ye-multispectral yakha imephu yensimu yonke isuka ezithombeni ngazinye futhi ikhombisa izindawo, izitshalo ezinomonakalo kuzo emibonweni ehlukahlukene, iveza ukushiyeka kokunisela nokunakekelwa, kanye nokuba khona kwezinambuzane. Ngemva kokuhlaziya imephu ehlanganisiwe, isazi sezolimo namahlathi singalungisa izinga lokufakwa kukamanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-zinambuzane.
Ngokusho koMqondisi Jikelele we-GeosAero LLC Zakhara Zavyalova, abalimi baphinde bafune insizakalo yokwenza ucwaningo lomhlaba ukuze kuhlanganiswe amamephu edijithali wamasimu. Ukuqonda okunembile kwemingcele nezindawo zomhlaba wezolimo kukuvumela ukuthi unqume isidingo sezinto ezifana nembewu, umanyolo, imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo.
Ngosizo lwe-drone, ukuhlaziywa kwendawo kuyenziwa futhi, ngaphezu kwemephu evamile, imodeli ye-3D yensimu ihlanganiswa. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukucabangela yonke imithambeka nemigodi, izindawo ezomile kakhulu nezindawo ezinomswakama owedlulele.
Ama-drones okucubungula amapulazi asetshenziselwa ukufaka umanyolo owuketshezi noqinile, imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo. Amamodeli ashintshiwe azongena esikhundleni sembewu ngempumelelo, asakaze imbewu yezitshalo ensimini.
Umqondisi Wokuthengisa we-DSK Supply LLC (omele i-XAG) Kirill Komarov uthe umenzi anganikeza amakhasimende ama-drones anethangi elingu-16, 20 noma amalitha angama-40. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuyehla, ukonga kufinyelela ku-30% nangaphezulu. Le ndiza izosiza umlimi ngenkathi yezimvula, lapho imishini yomhlabathi ingakwazi ukusebenza, kanye nasensimini enezitshalo ezide.
Ummeleli osemthethweni wakwa-WaIkera UDmitry Ursin waphawula ukuthi, ngokungafani ne-drone ebukayo, enobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-30, ububanzi be-drone yokufafaza nokuhlwanyela bungafinyelela kumamitha amabili, futhi isisindo sayo singafika kumakhilogremu angama-30 (ngaphandle kwempahla).
Isikhathi sokundiza kwe-drone, kuye ngemodeli namandla ebhethri, sisuka emaminithini angu-15 kuya kuhhafu wehora. Njengoba inhloko yezokuthengisa ye-EFT GROUP yachaza Gennady Timkov, kuyilapho ihlanganisa indawo engamahektha angu-15 kuya kwangu-30. Ohlelweni lomsebenzi oluthatha amahora angu-8-10, indiza egijimayo iyakwazi ukundiza ngaphezu kwamahektha angama-250 ezinkambu.
UMNOTHO NOKUTHEMBEKA
Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthengwa kweyunithi enjalo kumabhizinisi amaningi ezolimo kuzoba yisinqumo esinengqondo. Ngokuvumelana ne UDmitry Ursin, umlimi, one-drone yezolimo epulazini lakhe, angeke asebenzise imali engxenyeni eyengeziwe yemishini yezolimo ephansi, izindleko zazo ezivela kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-10-20. Ukhokha izikhathi ezi-5-7 ngaphansi kwe-UAV yezinkambu zokucubungula, i-agrarian ithola isivinini esikhulu nokunemba komsebenzi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokonga ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones ezinkundleni zokuhlola kuvumela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezimo zezitshalo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokulwa nezifo zezitshalo nezinambuzane, ukukhomba izindawo ezidinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe noma, ngokuphambene, ukususa umswakama owedlulele. Ngenxa yalokho - isivuno esiphezulu, esiphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezinsiza.
Uma uwabuka nje, ama-UAV andiza phezu kwamasimu abonakala entekenteke futhi engathembekile. Kodwa, njengoba kuqinisekisiwe UDmitry Kalinin, ama-UAV amelana namathonya angaphandle futhi aguqulelwe ukusebenza ezimweni zangempela. Bangakwazi ukuzulazula phezu kwenkundla ngesivinini somoya esifinyelela ku-10 m/s, futhi ngisho nomoya onamandla ngeke uvimbele idivayisi ekundizeni phezu kwepulazi.
Izintambo zikagesi namagatsha ezihlahla ziwusongo oluthile kuma-drones, lokhu kufanele kukhunjulwe lapho dwetshwa imizila ye-UAV. Ukunciphisa ubungozi, abakhiqizi besimanje be-drone bahlomise imikhiqizo yabo ngezinzwa zokuphepha. Iyunithi enjalo iyakwazi ukubona izinto endleleni yayo, yazise opharetha ngazo, imise iyodwa noma indize izungeze isithiyo.
Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi izimo eziphuthumayo ezinama-drones azivamile kakhulu. Ngesilinganiso Kirill Komarova, abangelwa ku-90% wamacala amaphutha amakhulu omshayeli. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umshini usebenze ngumuntu oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile. Ngendlela, ngokombono ongavumelananga wochwepheshe, akunzima ukuba uchwepheshe kule ndaba. Abameleli abasemthethweni bezinkampani ezikhiqizayo bahlela izifundo zokuqeqesha amakhasimende abo. Izinsuku ezimbalwa zokufunda ithiyori, bese kuba ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo, kwanele ukuba umshayeli we-drone.
Kirill Komarov incoma ukunaka ukusebenza kweyunithi kanye nokwenzeka kokugcinwa kwayo kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Umshini kufanele ube namandla futhi uthembekile, ube nemodi yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi esifundeni lapho ipulazi likhona, kukhona isikhungo senkonzo, kungenzeka uku-oda futhi uthole ngokushesha izingxenye ezisele ezidingekayo.
Kumlimi omncane, into enqumayo yokuthenga izoba yintengo. Zakhar Zavyalov ukholelwa ukuthi ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo okulula kwamasimu, umlimi angasebenzisa ama-drones avamile - njengoba eshibhile. Ukusebenza kwabo kwanele ukuqapha isimo sezitshalo noma umsebenzi wabaqhubi bemishini ensimini.
Labo amapulazi abo asendaweni ebonakala ngomehluko omkhulu wokuphakama, Anatoly Penyuta yeluleka ukukhetha ama-drones alawulekayo afakwe izinzwa zokuphakama. Abanikazi bezindawo ezinkulu, ngokusho UDmitry Ursin, kufanele unake amayunithi anesikhathi esengeziwe sendiza futhi uqoqe inani elanele lamabhethri angashintshwa.
А UDmitry Kalinin incoma ukuthi abakhiqizi bezolimo kuqala bacabange ukuthi le mishini izosetshenziswa kangaki epulazini. Uma i-agrodrone izosetshenziswa izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela ngonyaka, kuzoba nenzuzo enkulu ukuqasha iyunithi enkampanini ekhethekile.
В NGAPHAKATHI UMTHETHO
NgokweSimemezelo Sikahulumeni No. 25.05.2019 sangomhla zingama-658 kuNhlaba, 19.03.2022 (njengoba sichibiyelwe Ngesinqumo Sikahulumeni Wenhlangano YaseRussia Yangomhla zingama-415 Mashi, 150 N30), zonke izindiza zomphakathi ezingenamuntu ezinesisindo esisuka ku-XNUMX g ukuya ku-XNUMX kg zingaphansi kokubhaliswa kukahulumeni. Isevisi yokubalwa kwezimali kahulumeni ihlinzekwa yi-Federal Air Transport Agency (Rosaviatsiya).
Isikhathi sokubhalisa sikhawulelwe: zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuthenga. I-ejensi yabela inombolo ye-akhawunti ku-UAV ngayinye, okufanele isetshenziswe ku-drone ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi.
Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukuthi imvume yokusebenzisa indawo yomoya ingase idingeke ukuze kusuke (imvume ayidingeki uma indiza eyindiza indiza endaweni engamamitha angu-150 ukusuka phansi, phakathi namahora okukhanya, ngaphandle komkhawulo/ukulawula. izindawo).
UDmitry Kalinin waphawula ukuthi ezindabeni zokuxhumanisa izindiza zama-drones, iziphathimandla ezimweni eziningi ziya kubalimi. Futhi ngokuvamile, inqubo yokuxhumana nezinhlaka zikahulumeni yenziwa lula kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, kakade kunezinqubo ezimbili ze-elekthronikhi: ukubhaliswa nokuxhumana kwezindiza ebalazweni lendawo.
Nokho, uyacabanga Kirill Komarov, inkundla yezomthetho emkhakheni wokusetshenziswa kwama-drones eRussia ayikasetshenzwa. Njengoba ingomunye wabasunguli bale mboni eRussia, i-DSK Supply LLC ibambisana ngenkuthalo nezinhlaka zikahulumeni. Inhloso yalokhu kuxoxisana iwukusebenza ndawonye ukuthuthukisa uhlaka lomthetho, ukusungula imithetho esebenzayo esemthethweni kanye nokubeka ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones ohlakeni lwezomthetho olucacile.
IKUSASA AMADRONE EZOLIMO
Ama-drones ezolimo athola ukuzethemba okwengeziwe endaweni yomoya phezu kwamasimu aseRussia. Isikhulu esiphezulu se-GeosAero LLC Zakhar Zavyalov Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi izwe lethu lingelinye lamazwe athembisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones. Sinezindawo ezinkulu, amasimu athatha amashumi ezigidi zamahektha, futhi zonke lezi zindawo zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela futhi zilinywe ngezinga eliphezulu.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, namuhla ama-drones asakazeke kakhulu eningizimu yezwe, ikakhulukazi, e-Krasnodar naseStavropol Territories. Ama-UAV asetshenziswa futhi eRussia Ephakathi: eMoscow, Tula, Ryazan, Kaluga, Voronezh, Belgorod nezinye izifunda. Isidingo sama-drones sizinzile esifundeni saseVolga, e-Urals, eSiberia ngisho naseMpumalanga Ekude. Nokho, ngokusho kommeleli osemthethweni we-WaIkera UDmitry Ursin, uma isifunda sisenyakatho noma empumalanga, kusetshenziswa ama-drones ambalwa lapho.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lama-drones athengiswa ngezidingo zezolimo eRussia liye landa ngokuphawulekayo. Omele Umsabalalisi we-DJI UDmitry Kalinin waphawula ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-2021, isidingo sama-UAV ngobusuku bangaphambi kwesizini entsha sikhuphuke izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Futhi hhayi kuphela ngezindleko zamakhasimende akhona, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi inkampani yathola amakhasimende amaningi amasha. Kodwa-ke, akukho ukukhuluma mayelana nokusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwama-drones okwamanje.
Nakuba inhloko yokuthengisa ye-EFT GROUP Gennady Timkov Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi ukuze kwandiswe ukuthandwa kwama-drones, kuyadingeka ukunikeza abalimi ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana namakhono ale nqubo. Iphephabhuku lethu lizozama ukufaka isandla kulo msebenzi.
U-Anatoly Penyuta, inhloko yomnyango we-geodetic weRusgeocom LLC, uvumile ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi uhlangana naye. ngasohlangothini lwabalimi, ukungaqondi okuphelele nokuqaphela maqondana nobuchwepheshe bokundiza.
Kodwa ngemva kokubala umnotho webhizinisi, usebenzisa i-UAV, ikakhulukazi ku isikhathi eside futhi ezindaweni ezinkulu, даже abangabazayo bayaqaphela izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa zalokho okuhlanganisiwe.