Ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwembewu yokutshala kunethonya elikhulu ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula, ekumelaneni kwazo namathonya angaphandle amabi. Ukufudumala kwangaphambi kokuhlwanyela nokuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kusheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo, kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo nokuvuthwa kwesitshalo. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjalo zinekhasi elivuthiwe, elinciphisa kakhulu ukulimala kwazo.
Ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kokutshala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kuhlanganisa i-bulkhead, izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokushisa nokuhluma, ukwelashwa okuvuselelayo nokugqoka ngezibulala-zinambuzane.
Uma izilimo eziyizigaxa zingalinganiswanga ngemuva kokuvuna amazambane ekwindla, lokhu kwenziwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Iziguli ezigulayo nezingezona ezijwayelekile (ushintsho oluncane lufika ku-25 g futhi olukhulu - olungaphezu kwama-80 g) izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zisuswe esixukwini esiphelele samazambane. Lapho usayizi, izilimo eziyizigaxa kumele zihlukaniswe zibe yizingxenyana zika-30-50 g, 50-80 g. Ingxenyana ngayinye kufanele itshalwe ngokuhlukana. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukubala kahle ukuminyana kokutshala, ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwezithombo.
Ukushisa komoya okushisayo kwandisa kakhulu isivuno samazambane. Ukuhluma, noma i-vernalization, yezilimo eziyizigaxa kunikeza amahlumela asheshayo futhi afanayo, kwandisa inani leziqu, kusheshisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu lapho utshala amazambane okuhweba kanye nembewu.
Ngezinsuku ezifudumele, izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhishwa ngaphandle kwesitoreji noma izinga lokushisa elikulo liyenyuka. Uma izilimo eziyizigaxa zingenawo amahlumela, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka lisuka ku-2-4 ° C liye ku- + 15-20 ° C. Lapho nje ukuvuka kwabo kuqala, izinga lokushisa liyehliselwa ku- + 10-6 ° C futhi ukukhanya kuyakhanyiswa ukuze kube namahlumela amafushane futhi aqinile.
Ngokuvamile, izilimo eziyizigaxa zihluma kuhlumela olulodwa lwe-filamentous, okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwandisa inani lamahlumela ahluma, amahlumela awodwa ayasuswa. Uma kuvele amahlumela amaningi amafushane kuma-tubers, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjalo zilungiselelwa ukutshala.
Uma ukutshala kubambezeleka ngenxa yesimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa lokugcina liyancishiswa. Ngemuva kokufudumala, imbewu iyahlungwa, isuse izilimo eziyizigaxa ezithintekile. Ukushisa kuvuselela ukubonakaliswa kwezifo ezicashile, izifo futhi kukhuthaza ukukhethwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo.
Ukuhluma kungenziwa futhi emabhokisini angashoni, anezikhala kanye nezikhwama zepulasitiki (135 x 28 cm ngosayizi, lapho kwenziwa izimbobo ngobude), ngobuningi ngaphansi kwefilimu, noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Kulokhu, izimo eziyinhloko kufanele zibhekwe: i-embankment kufanele ibe phansi, futhi ukukhanya kufanele kusatshalaliswe, lapho kuhluma ezimweni zegumbi ekushiseni kuka- + 15-20 ° C, izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zifakwe emanzini ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuwaguqula ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze wonke amahlumela akhule abe namandla futhi akhule abe luhlaza ekukhanyeni. Ukukhanya okusabalalisa kungatholakala ngokumboza amabhokisi, amaphakheji noma indunduma nganoma yikuphi ukukhanya noma indwangu emhlophe noma iphepha. Ayikho ikhava edingekayo lapho ubeka izilimo eziyizigaxa ezindaweni ezivikelekile elangeni eliqondile. Ukucwiliswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6, zifafazwe ngamanzi noma ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-pink potassium permanganate.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ngokugcinwa isikhathi eside namazinga okushisa aphezulu, izilimo eziyizigaxa zilahlekelwa i-turgor futhi zenze amahlumela amade. Ezimweni ezinjalo, akunconywa ukunqamula amahlumela; kungcono ukuzama ukumelana nezilimo eziyizigaxa izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ekushiseni okuphansi.
Ekutshalweni kokudla, imbewu yamazambane inganqunywa, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwembewu. Ukusika, izilimo eziyizigaxa zihluma ngaphambili ukuze zibe namahlumela angu-2-3 esiqeshini ngasinye se-tuber futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuhluma kwezithombo. Isisindo socezu kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-25-30 g.
Ngemuva kokusika izilimo eziyizigaxa zembewu zenza izimo zokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwesendlalelo se-suberin esivikelayo endaweni enqunyiwe (ukwanda komswakama womoya ekushiseni kuka-15 ° C nokujikeleza kwayo okusebenzayo). Izikhathi zokusika zincike esimweni senhlabathi. Uma izimo zivuma (umhlabathi unomswakama, izinga lokushisa elingu-10-18 ° C), usike ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukuphulukiswa kwendawo enqunyiwe kwenzeka emhlabathini. Uma inhlabathi yomile noma imanzi kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa liphezulu noma liphansi, nquma izinsuku ezingu-5-8 ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ukwandisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ekubhujisweni sekwephuzile ngesikhathi sokuhluma, kungakuhle ukuphatha izilimo eziyizigaxa kabili ngesixazululo esingu-0,02% se-sulfate yethusi: okokuqala - izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngemuva kokuqala ukuhluma, okwesibili - izinsuku eziyi-7. ngaphambi kokutshala.
Imiphumela emihle ekulweni nokutheleleka itholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kokuhluma nokuthululwa kwangaphambili kwembewu yezilimo eziyizigaxa ngomlotha wokhuni, oqukethe izakhi eziningi zokulandelela ezidingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo. Ukufaka uthuli ngomlotha ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kg womlotha ngo-50 kg wezinto zokutshala kwandisa isivuno, okuqukethwe kwesitashi futhi kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamazambane.
Uma umlotha ungekho, izilimo eziyizigaxa zingafafazwa ngenhlanganisela yezinto ezilandelwayo (2 g we-copper sulfate no-10 g we-potassium permanganate ku-10 L amanzi) noma i-copper sulfate (2 g nge-10 L yamanzi) ne-boric acid ( kuze kufike ku-10 g ku-10 L wamanzi) ngaphambi kokutshala. 100 amalitha esixazululo asetshenziswa nge-2 kg yezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Source: http://krassever.ru