Ukuzala, njenganoma iyiphi enye isayensi, kungumsebenzi wesikhathi eside obuhlungu lapho umcwaningi esebenzisa impilo yakhe yonke. Usosayensi wezofuzo waseRussia nowaseSoviet, umfuyi wezokwelapha uNikolai Vavilov wabiza ukukhetha ngokuthi "ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuqondiswa yintando yomuntu." Futhi Umphumela walo msebenzi yizinhlobo ezithuthukile zezitshalo nezilwane.
U-Anna Rybalko, isazi sokuklonyeliswa ngemiklomelo yoMbuso, usosayensi kanye nomfuyi wezitshalo, utshele intatheli ye-AIF-Altai ngomsebenzi onzima womfuyi, mayelana nokukhuphuka nokuwa kwesiteshi sokuhlola imifino, mayelana nokutholile kwakhe.
"Kumele, ngoba ngiyakwazi!"
U-Anna Rybalko: Empilweni yami ngathola abantu abebehlala bengibhekisa kokunye.
U-Elena Chekhova, AIF-Altai: Cishe ubabheka njengabafundisi bakho abantu abanjalo?
- Impela. Futhi phakathi kwabo - uthisha wami wokuqala, uVorobyova Vera Vasilievna. Uthe: "Anya, lapha ngizombeka abahlanu, kepha angizukukubheja ngalokho, ngoba ungenza kangcono." Ungihlukumeze kakhulu ngale ndlela yokuthi impilo yami yonke ngazibonakalisa kimi nakwabanye: Kumele, ngoba ngiyakwazi! UVera Vasilievna wayenguthisha omuhle futhi emangalisa umuntu. Futhi kwenzeka isigameko esimangalisayo ngemuva kokushona kwakhe. Lapho uVera Vasilyevna angcwatshwa, ngasikhathi sinye yathunyelwa ethuneni elincane. Ngokusobala, lokhu bekungumthetho: hhayi nabazali noma izihlobo. Emathuneni babuza ukuthi ibhokisi lakhe lingabekwa yini ethuneni likaVera Vasilievna. Isicelo asizange senqatshwe. Ngakho-ke, ngokusobala, uyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe lapho.
- U-Anna Anatolyevna, ungene kanjani kwisayensi?
- Ngemuva kwesikole, ngangena eyunivesithi yase-pedagogical in engekho. Futhi usebenze njengomholi wamaphayona. Bese kuthi umfundisi esikoleni sokufunda izingane ezihlaselwe yingqondo. Angazi ukuthi inhliziyo yakho idinga ukuqina kangakanani. Imayini ayikwazanga ukumelana nesipiliyoni. Ngaya efektri. Usebenze lapho iminyaka emihlanu, washada, wazala amawele - umfana nentombazane. Izingane zivame ukugula. Kwakungekho muntu wokuhlala nabo. Bekumele ngifune umsebenzi eduze kwendlu. Bese bethi-ke umsizi weLabhoratri uyadingeka esiteshini sokuhlola. Ngisebenza lapha, ngangena e-Altai Agricultural Institute. Bese kuba nesikole esineziqu eMoscow, e-All-Union Science Science Institute of Selection nakuMbewu Production of Vegetable Crops. Njengomphenyi, wabhekana nenkinga yokungatheleleki kwezitshalo. Ngo-1988 wavikela umbono wakhe. Ngokushesha nganikwa umsebenzi wokufuya. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 yokusebenza esiteshini sokuhlola, ngakwazi ukukhipha izinhlobo ezingama-25 zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zemifino. Ukuzalanisa kuphela akuwona umsebenzi womuntu oyedwa, kodwa iqembu, ngakho-ke wonke umsebenzi ubhaliwe.
- Ngokuvamile, zingaki izinhlobo zemifino ezivunwe ngabasebenzi besiteshi?
- Ngesikhathi ubukhona besiteshi, futhi sadalwa emuva ngo-1932, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zakhiwa ngabasebenzi baso besayensi. Isiteshi sethu, izinhlobonhlobo zethu zazaziwa eSiberia, nakuyo yonke iSoviet Union, naseMongolia, naseBulgaria, naseCzechoslovakia ...
Inkinga yezwe lethu ukuthi, “ukulahla umhlaba wakudala,” silahla konke okuhle okwakulapho, bese siqala ukwakha futhi.
Iziqu iziqu ngokusebenzisa calluses
- Ngabe bekuyihlazo wena nomsebenzi wakho?
- Ngikhumbula usuku lokuqala emva koguquko olubizwa ngePavlovian (ukuguqulwa kwezimali okwenziwa nguNdunankulu wase-USSR uValentin Pavlov - ngu. Ed.). Mina nesisebenzi sami saya esitolo soMnyango oMaphakathi. Bengifuna ukuthenga isigqoko. Ngibheka: izolo intengo yayo yayingama-ruble ayi-1991, futhi namuhla - ama-ruble angama-7. Ngayithenga. Lapho ngifika ekhaya, ngibala imali engenayo nezindleko, futhi ngaba nokuqonda okuhle: ngifunde iminyaka engama-25, ngasebenza, ngathola okuthile empilweni yami, kodwa kwavela ukuthi angikwazi ukuzondla mina nomndeni wami! ... Okubi kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo sesesayensi Abasebenzi esiteshini basasekhona. Udokotela wesayensi uthola okungenani ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-40. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele aluke, abambe, amanzi, aqoqe izithelo ... Kepha abantu babambelele. Kanjani? Ngomdlandla. Ngale ndlela, le ndaba imayelana nentshiseko yososayensi bethu. Ngandlela thile, abakhiqizi abavela eFrance beza esiteshini sethu. Ukuhambela lezi zindlu zokugcina izithombo kwenziwa nguNina A. Prokofieva, ngaleso sikhathi owayengusekela mqondisi wesayensi. Sethule ukhetho olukhethekile lokugcina izithombo zamafilimu - kwakukhona amakhabe, amakhabe, utamatisi, upelepele kanye namakhukhamba. Izimenywa ezihlonishwayo: “Ukwenze kanjani ukuthola imiphumela enjalo?” UNina Alexandrovna uthi: "Sineqembu labathandi." IsiFulentshi: "Yini?" Ngenxa yokudideka, uthembekile: "Hhayi-ke, kulapho besebenza kanzima futhi bethola imali encane." AbaseFrance bashayele ihlombe bavuma: "Amakhanda kanye nemibandela yethu."
Uyini umsebenzi wokukhetha? Lokhu kungumsebenzi ongapheli womzimba - eziplangeni, kwisitoreji. Ngaphezu kokusebenzela phansi, udinga ukuvula amabhokisi nezikhwama, ukulayisha, ukuhlunga izithelo okuzo. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngemuva kokuvuna iklabishi, eyayinothile kakhulu, ama-15 kg ngazinye, ngazizwa kabi inhliziyo yami. Ngize kudokotela. Wabona ukuthi leli khadi lithi ngingumsizi welebhu futhi ngakhipha isincomo esithi: "Udinga ukwenza umsebenzi owengeziwe wezemidlalo kanye nemidlalo." I-stereotype yayisebenza: umcwaningi ngengubo emhlophe futhi ongafuli lutho olusindayo kunepeni.
Mayelana "nokuthuka" ... ukuthuka! Ngoba ngisho nangempi isiteshi sasindiswa. Futhi emva kwempi, yavele yaqhakaza - yonke into yayiphambi kwamehlo ami. Ngiyakhumbula: ekuqaleni bekukhona ama-dugout, ama-barracks. Kusukela maphakathi nama-60-ies aqala ukwakha amakhaya amaningi anethezekile wabasebenzi beziteshi. Bakha iposi losizo lokuqala, okwakungu-disensary wangempela: kwathathwa amabhafu okupholisa, kwatholwa nezitho zomzimba, nezinqubo ezibekwe udokotela. Wakhelwe i-kindergarten. Saze saba nomthombo! Futhi zanda kanjani izihloko zesayensi. Ozakwabo abavela kulo lonke inyunyana beza bazana ngolwazi lwethu. Sasinendawo okuyiyo kuphela ezweni lezizwe okuthiwa ngamasiko angavamile. Yayinezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezitshalo zokwelapha. Futhi kusukela ngo-1942, isipiliyoni esiyingqayizivele sokutadisha ukuvundiswa kwenhlabathi senziwe esiteshini. Umongo waso ukuthi ngaphansi kwezilimo ezahlukene zemifino kusetshenziswa inani elingafani lomanyolo wamaminerali, kanye nenketho uma kungekho manjalo umanyolo usetshenziswa nhlobo. Futhi kuqhathaniswa: indlela ukuzala kwenhlabathi, okuqukethwe kwe-humus, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo somhlabathi. Le idatha engabalulekile. Futhi ngenkathi lesi sipiliyoni sisaphila, isisebenzi siyaqhubeka nokusebenza kukho. Kepha usevele uyimpesheni.
I-carotene engaphezulu!
- Mhlawumbe unswinyo luzosiza? Kufanele futhi babe yisikhuthazo sokwenza umsebenzi wokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe basekhaya, njll.
- Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kubhujisiwe, manje izinhlobo eziningi ezinhle kunzima ukuzenza. Ngenkathi abasebenzi besiteshi bezama ngentshiseko engenalutho ukukhiqiza imbewu. Masingalingani njengangaphambili - kuze kufike ezinhlotsheni ezingama-180. Kepha ngonyaka odlule, ngokwesibonelo, bakhiqiza imbewu ye-Altai Krasa radish, futhi kulo nyaka bakhiqiza ama-radical ama-White zeZefr, izinhlobo ezimbili ezinhle kakhulu izaqathe Dayan neSonata. Vele, abalimi babuza lokhu. Asevele “aphiniwe” ngembewu engeniswayo, ekhiqizwa eKyrgyzstan naseCaucasus. Kwenzeka ukuthi umlimi ahlwanyele izaqathe, kuthi kungazelelwe amateurs amhlophe aqhamuke phakathi kwezilimo zezithelo ze-orange. Kuvelaphi? Futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho amanzi evela ezintabeni lapho kukhula izaqathi zasendle, futhi imbewu iwela emasimini otshaliwe, imila, futhi njengoba kungekho nohlobo lazo, ikhwalithi elahlekile ngenxa yalokho.
- Kungani uthole uMklomelo woMbuso?
- Okwenzelwe izinhlobo zezaqathi ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-carotene. Uma kwi-Shantane efanayo - lokhu kuyizinhlobonhlobo zakudala, ezaziwa kusukela ngo-1942 - kwakukhona i-6 mg% carotene kuphela, lapho-ke sikwazile ukukhuphula isibalo saba ngu-10 mg%. Futhi ezinhlotsheni esizenzele zona thina uqobo - uSusana, uSonata, okuqukethwe kwe-carotene kwakusuka ku-18 kuye kuma-22 mg%.
- Ngabe esiteshini sethu singanikeza imbewu esifundeni?
- Uma wenza isisekelo, yebo. Kusekhona ochwepheshe. Kepha ... Nangu uchwepheshe emaphepheni - uNataliya Yuryevna Antipova, usevele uyimpesheni. Dock on ithanga, ukhukhamba, zucchini uVasily G. Vysochin, Udokotela weSayensi, uneminyaka engama-75 ubudala. U-Andreeva Nadezhda Nikolaevna - umqeqezi wamatamatisi. Uneminyaka engama-65 ...
- Yize usuthathe umhlalaphansi, uzibophezela emsebenzini womphakathi, ungusihlalo womkhandlu wezisebenzi zedolobha lakho lokuzalwa. Yini ekujabulisayo kulo mkhakha?
- Ngo-2011, izisebenzi zasendlini ezingaphambili eziyi-130 kanye nama-war veterans ayi-11 ahlala esigodini sethu. Manje akukho noyedwa obambe iqhaza empini, futhi cishe abantu abangama-70 babasebenzi basemuva basala. Kepha bese kuba khona abantu abanikezwe isimo sezingane zempi. Ngabo, ngifuna ukuhlela ukuhalalisela amaholide - amakhadi eposi noma izipho ezincane. Futhi kuthatha imali. Ngiyacela. Kungekudala kuzoba nenyanga yomuntu osekhulile. Kufanele usungule okuthile.
- Kunzima yini ukuthi usegugile eRussia?
- Konke kuncike esimweni sengqondo somuntu. Othile futhi oneminyaka engama-90 akazizwa njengendoda endala. Ngikhumbula ngihalalisela u-Anna Ivanovna Dubov ngeminyaka engama-95. Uthe: "Angisiwona umthwalo ezinganeni, ngoba bengingumngani nengoma impilo yami yonke." Futhi wahlabelela. Wamnyathela ngonyawo. Ngeshwa, u-Ana Ivanovna akasasebenzi.
Isikhathi eside bengikhumbula icala elilodwa. Kwakungesikhathi sikaYeltsin. Ngimi esitobhini sebhasi. Eduzane, ogogo bathi: "Kulungile - sinengadi. Futhi bahlala kanjani abampofu edolobheni? ” Ngiyaqiniseka: inqobo nje uma kunabesifazane asebekhulile kangaka eRussia, izwe lethu ngeke liphulwe.
Dossier: U-Anna Rybalko - Ozokhethwa Kwisayensi Yezolimo. Ukugcotshwa Kwemiklomelo Yombuso, ukugcotshwa kweMklomelo We-Altai Territory emkhakheni wesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Umbhali wezincwadi zesayensi ezingaphezu kwekhulu.
Source: https://www.nsss-russia.ru/