Ludmila Dulskaya
Kunesimo esinzima emakethe ye-PPP: ukunikezwa kwezidakamizwa ezingenisiwe kumisiwe, amanani akhuphuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, abahlinzeki badinga u-100% wokukhokha kusengaphambili. Yini okufanele abalimi bayilungiselele kulezi zimo?
Ukuze uthole izincazelo, siphendukele ku-Vladimir Alginin, Umqondisi Omkhulu we-Russian Union of Producers of Chemical Plant Protection Products, kanye no-Dmitry Belov, Inhloko yoMnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo e-Firma August JSC.
U-Vladimir Alginin wanxusa ngokushesha ukuthi angalingisi lesi simo futhi wakhumbuza ukuthi i-70% yenani eliphelele lemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo esetshenziswa abalimi baseRussia ikhiqizwa eRussia. Kulokhu, i-52% ingumkhiqizo wezinkampani zasekhaya kanti i-18% ikhiqizwa izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezikhiqize ukukhiqizwa kwendawo endaweni yeRussian Federation. Cishe ama-30% kuphela ezidakamizwa angeniswa ezweni lethu avela phesheya.
Imakethe ye-PPP inomkhuhlane
UDmitry Belov waphawula ukuthi izinguquko emakethe yemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo azizange ziqale kulo nyaka. “Ubhubhane seludale ukuthi kunqamuke ama-supply chain. Inqwaba yezinye intuthuko ezalandela, okuhlanganisa, isibonelo, ukwethulwa kwemikhawulo ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamalahle yiShayina ngo-2021, okwaholela ekusungulweni kwezabelo zokusetshenziswa kukagesi ezinkampanini eziningi zokukhiqiza. Amanani emakethe yemikhiqizo evikela izitshalo aqala ukukhula nangaleso sikhathi,” kugcizelela lo chwepheshe.
"Umkhankaso wezempi okhethekile, owaqala ngoFebhuwari 2022, wenze izinguquko ezengeziwe," kuqhuba inhloko yomnyango wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo we-Firma August JSC. - Kube khona ubunzima ngokuhlinzekwa kwama-adjuvants avela eYurophu. Isabelo sabo kumthamo ophelele wokukhiqiza asikhulu, kodwa inani lezinto ezisebenzayo zinikezwa eRussia zisuka eChina ngamachweba amazwe aseYurophu - isibonelo, iRotterdam (Netherlands).
UDmitry Belov ubize uMashi 2022 njengenyanga yezinxushunxushu: ukuthunyelwa kwamiswa, izindleko zezidakamizwa zaxhunyaniswa ngokuzenzakalela nezinga lokushintshwa kwe-euro, ukuvalwa kwenyanga okucishe kube yinyanga eyodwa kwahlelelwa izimpahla, okuphinde kwathinta ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. "Ngeshwa, uma inkampani ekhiqizayo inezingxenye ezingu-90%, futhi i-10% kuphela engekho, ngeke ikwazi ukwenza umkhiqizo ophelile," kusho uchwepheshe.
Ngeke kube khona ukushoda
Ukumiswa kokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo engenisiwe akulindelekile, u-Vladimir Alginin uqinisekile Ngokolwazi olutholwe yi-Russian Union of KhPPP Producers evela ku-Association of European Businesses, izinkampani zangaphandle zihlela ukufeza izibopho zazo zomhlaba wonke zokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo kubathengi. eRussian Federation. Wonke amavolumu adingekayo azothunyelwa eRussia maduze nje, ngaphandle kwemithi ngayinye.
Umqondisi Omkhulu we-RSP KhPZR uyaqiniseka ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukushoda kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ezweni lethu kulo nyaka, ngoba umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo eRussia, uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021, uzokhula, kodwa isidingo (ngokuphambene nesizinda. yamanani aphezulu) kungenzeka, izokwehla kancane.
Ngokuka-Vladimir Alginin, izinkampani ezingamalungu e-Russian Union of Producers of Chemical Plant Protection Products zihlele ukuthengwa kwezithako ezisebenzayo ngesikhathi, futhi isizini ka-2022 yanikezwa ekuqaleni kuka-2021. Ingxenye encane kuphela yezingxenye ezisele, okuthi, ngenxa yobunzima bezokuthutha, yalethwa ngokubambezeleka ngokusebenzisa iTrans-Siberian Railway kanye namachweba aseYurophu.
Uchwepheshe uphawula ukuthi izinkampani eziningi zamakhemikhali zamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenza ezweni lethu zihlinzekwa ngezidakamizwa unyaka wonke ka-2022. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokukhiqiza zalezi zinkampani, ngenxa yemizamo ye-Russian Union of Producers of Chemical Plant Protection Products kanye noMnyango Wezimboni Nezohwebo weRussian Federation, zitholakala endaweni yaseRussia.
Inhloko yomnyango wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo we-Firma Avgust JSC ngokuvamile iyavumelana nesibikezelo esinethemba lokuthuthuka kwesimo, kodwa ngokombono wakhe, amathuba okuthi imithi ngayinye kuzodingeka ishintshwe asekhona. Isibonelo, kukhona ubunzima ngokungena kwe-glyphosate ne-diquat eRussia. Ikakhulukazi i-diquat.
Inkinga enkulu, ngokusho kukaDmitry Belov, yilokho. ukuthi eminyakeni eyedlule i-glyphosate yakhishwa ohlwini lwezidakamizwa ezingase zisetshenziselwe ukuqeda amandla. Amabhizinisi ezolimo ashintshe ngokuphelele ku-diquat, futhi kunesidingo samavolumu amakhulu emakethe. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, isixazululo salolu daba sincike kakhulu kuMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation. "Kungenzeka ukuthi kuzobekwa umthetho wokumisa imithetho nezinqumo ezamukelwe ngaphambilini, kuzokwethulwa izimvume zesikhashana - lokhu kuwumkhuba womhlaba wonke," kukholwa uDmitry Belov. “Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, ezimeni lapho kwaphawulwa khona ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane eziningi, imvume yesikhashana yokusebenzisa isibulala-zinambuzane, eyayivinjelwe ngaphambili, yethulwa unyaka owodwa noma emibili.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchwepheshe uyakhumbula, i-diquat inenye indlela ye-carfentrazone ne-glufosinate.
Esikhathini esizayo, uchwepheshe ulindele ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kwesimo, ugcizelela ukuthi izinkampani zokukhiqiza ezifuywayo ziyaqhubeka zifuna futhi zithenge izithako ezisebenzayo futhi zizozama ukunikeza abakhiqizi bezolimo ngama-desiccants ngesigamu sesibili senkathi yokukhula.
Isibikezelo senani
Kodwa emuva kumanani. Ekuqaleni kuka-March, lapho izinga lokushintshisana likhuphuka kakhulu, ukunyuka kwamanani emikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-70% kwezinye izinto. Kunemikhiqizo ephindwe kabili ngentengo. Kubakhiqizi bezolimo abangenaso isikhathi sokuthenga izidakamizwa zesizini, lokhu bekuyisimanga esingemnandi.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amanani entengo yemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo zase ziphezulu ngokuphawulekayo kunangonyaka odlule.
UVladimir Alginin ubona isizathu esiyinhloko sokwenyuka kwezindleko zemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ekukhuphukeni kwamanani ezinto ezisebenzayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2021, abakhiqizi basekhaya bemishini yokuzivikela bebelokhu bengaphansi kwethonya elikhulu ngisho nengcindezi evela kumanani akhuphukayo wezithako ezisebenzayo (yonke i-AI yi-100% engenisiwe). “Kunokuncika okuqondile kwezindleko zemithi yasekhaya emananini ezinto ezisebenzayo ezibekwe yiChina. Ngemikhiqizo ngayinye, banda izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu, okwandisa kakhulu izindleko zemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ekhiqizwa eRussia, - kusho umqondisi omkhulu we-RSP HSZR.
Ukukhula kwedola nakho kwasebenza njengento engalungile, ngoba zonke izinto ezisebenzayo zithengwa ngemali yangaphandle. "I-Avgust Firm JSC, ngokwesibonelo, manje iphoqeleka ukuthi ithenge izithako ezisebenzayo ngenkokhelo engu-100% ngemali yangaphandle," kuchaza u-Alginin, "ngaphambili yayingasebenzisa ukubambezeleka kokunikezwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibe nethuba inikeza ukubambezeleka kumakhasimende ayo. Kodwa kulesi simo esikuso, kuya ngokuya kuba nzima.”
Ochwepheshe basebunyeni: uma izintengo zezinto ezisebenzayo ziqala ukukhuphuka futhi phakathi kwabahlinzeki, abakhiqizi baseRussia bazophoqeleka ukuthi baphendule kulokhu ngendlela eyodwa noma enye, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke bakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo edingekayo.
Manje izinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-ruble selizinzile, izinqubo zokushintshanisa i-yuan nazo. Ukuguquguquka kwentengo kusengenzeka, ngisho nokuncipha kwe-15-20% akufakiwe. Kodwa, ochwepheshe baphetha ngokuthi, ngeke kube khona ukuhlehliswa ezingeni langaphambilini.
Abalimi kufanele benzeni?
“Sebenza ngomoya ophansi,” kusho uVladimir Alginin. - Hlwanyela, tshala, vundisa, vikela izitshalo futhi ukhiqize imikhiqizo ebizayo. Amabhizinisi ezolimo anawo wonke amathuba nethuba lokugcina inzuzo yawo.” Futhi asikho isidingo sokwesaba ukushoda: "Namuhla azikho izidakamizwa ezinjalo ezingenakushintshwa ezinye."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi, ukuntuleka kwezimali ezithile emakethe kuyinto yesikhashana ebangelwa ukufunwa okuzenzakalelayo. “Eminye imikhakha yemikhumbi nayo iyaphela ngoba kwakhiwa iziqiwi. Abalimi bazama ukuzibophezela futhi, uma kungenzeka, bathenge izimpahla nge-margin isizini yonke, futhi ngokuvamile nangekwindla, ”kusho uchwepheshe.
Amathemba esizini ka-2023
Lokhu kwaziswa kwakulungiselelwa ngesikhathi umkhankaso wokuhlwanyela usanda kuqala ezweni. Kepha abakhiqizi baseRussia bemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo sebevele belungiselela isizini ka-2023.
"Manje simatasa nokuthengwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo kanye nezingxenye zenkathi yokuhlwanyela elandelayo," kuqinisekisa u-Dmitry Belov, "osokhemisi bethu basebenzela ukudala izidakamizwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezifakwe umshwalense ngokumelene nezingozi zokuthutha nezinye. Ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngezimpahla ezivela phesheya akukakacaci.”
Isazi siphawula ukuthi inkampani "August" inamandla okwanele okukhiqiza okukhiqiza nokuhlinzeka emakethe yaseRussia cishe yonke ivolumu edingekayo yemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo. Kodwa kunzima ukuthenga izithako ezisebenzayo zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo emhlabeni wonke - lesi sinyathelo sidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kakhulu futhi sisaxoxwa. "Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kuzothathwa isinqumo lapho sizozama khona ukunciphisa izingozi zokungatholakali kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo kubalimi baseRussia ngezinkathi zonyaka ezizayo ngangokunokwenzeka," uphetha.
Abalimi futhi abacabangi okwamanje kuphela, kodwa nangekusasa.
Ngokusho kwe-Russian Union of Producers of Chemical Plant Protection Products, izinkampani zasekhaya manje zisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze ziphothule izinkontileka zokuhlinzekwa kwezidakamizwa kumakhasimende aseRussia, futhi kuze kube manje le nqubo iqhubeka cishe ngesivinini esifanayo nonyaka odlule. "Ngokwesibonelo, i-JSC Firma August isivele inenkontileka engu-74% yenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza okuhleliwe," kuphawula u-Vladimir Alginin. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lo mphumela ufinyelelwe ngenxa yokubambisana okuye kwathuthukiswa phakathi neminyaka yokubambisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi be-CPPP baseRussia namabhizinisi ezolimo. Uphinde abeke amathemba kulobu budlelwano. “Bekubalulekile lapho ishibhile khona. Manje kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanganisa ubudlelwano ukuze silondoloze lokho esikwazile ukukuzuza sonke. Awukwazi ukweqa ubuchwepheshe. Uma ukonga kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezitshalo, ibhizinisi lonke lingase lehle. Kudingeka ukulondoloza ubuchwepheshe kuze kube seqophelweni eliphezulu futhi kube nokubambisana okuseduze nabalingani abathembekile, "ubiza umqondisi omkhulu we-RSP HSZR.
Mhlawumbe, ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje, lena ukuphela kwendlela eya empumelelweni.
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