Abaphenyi abavela eChina naseJalimane sebeyifunde ngokuphelele i-genome yamazambane okokuqala ngqa, kubika i-TASS. Lokhu kwabasiza ukuthi baveze umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwalesi sitshalo futhi bagqamise izifunda ezibalulekile ze-DNA ezihambisana nokukhula nokumelana nezifo. Ulwazi mayelana nalokhu lushicilelwe yinkonzo yabezindaba ye-German Institute for Plant Breeding (IPZ).
“Ukulandelanisa i-genome yamazambane kuzosivumela ukuthi sethule izinhlelo zokuzalanisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezizodala izinhlobo ezintsha ezithela kakhulu kodwa ezimelana nokushisa komhlaba, okuzoba bucayi emashumini eminyaka azayo,” kusho uSolwazi we-IPZ uKorbinian Schneeberger.
Izifo eziningi ze-fungal ne-bacterial ziphazamisa ukutshalwa kwamazambane, kanye nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-Colorado potato beetle kanye nematodes. Ososayensi nabafuyi bazama ukulwa nabo ngokwakha izinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane ajwayelekile kanye nezakhi zofuzo.
USolwazi Schneeberger nozakwabo baqhamuke nesixazululo esingaba khona kule nkinga kuphrojekthi enkulu okuhloswe ngayo ukulandelana ngokuphelele i-genome yamazambane. Esikhathini esedlule, ososayensi sebevele bazama ukuthola lolu lwazi, kodwa lokhu kwavinjwa ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwe-genome yamazambane - iqukethe amasethi amane afanayo ama-chromosome aqukethe inani elikhulu lokuphindaphinda.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulandelana kwe-DNA kanye nama-algorithms okuhlaziya ulwazi lofuzo kwasiza izazi zofuzo zaseJalimane nezamaShayina ukuxazulula le nkinga ohlotsheni lwe-Otava. Ukuze baqonde i-genome, ososayensi baqoqa inani elikhulu lezinhlamvu zempova, ezazo izinto zofuzo zinamakhophi amabili kuphela, hhayi amane ama-chromosome.
Le ndlela yenza umsebenzi ube lula kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo idinga ukuhunyushwa kwenani elikhulu kakhulu lezicucu ze-DNA kanye nenhlanganisela yazo eyalandela kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms ekhompyutha. Ekugcineni, ososayensi bathola ikhophi ebonakalayo ye-genome yamazambane ephelele, equkethe "izinhlamvu" zofuzo ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3,1 - ama-nucleotides futhi aqukethe izakhi zofuzo ezingaphezu kuka-38.
Ukuhlaziywa okwalandela kwesakhiwo sabo kwembula umlando oyinkimbinkimbi wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wamazambane. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi leli siko lisanda kusinda ekuphindaphindeni kwe-genome ngenxa yokuzalanisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bathola umehluko ongajwayelekile ezingeni lomsebenzi wamakhophi ezakhi zofuzo ezifanayo ezitholakala kuma-chromosome ahlukene, okungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukene zamazambane.
Lolu lwazi, ososayensi banethemba lokuthi, luzosiza ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha noma ukuguqula i-genome ngendlela yokuthi amazambane azokhula ngokushesha, amelane kangcono nokulimaza sekwephuzile nezinye izifo, futhi ngeke akwazi ukungenwa kalula yizici ezihlukahlukene zokucindezeleka.