USergey Artemov
Isivuno asihambisani namachips. Inani lamaphakeji wokudla okulula okuthandwayo lingehla emashalofini ezitolo ngenxa yokushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Kuvunwa amazambane amancane kunangonyaka odlule. Futhi lokhu akujwayelekile hhayi iRussia kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe amaningi - abakhiqizi bokudla okusheshayo kuzofanele basebenze kanzima befuna isivuno samahhala. Ngabe ubhadane lwe-coronavirus luhlobene kanjani nalo?
Azanele izambane lamazambane! Lokhu kushiwo ngabakhiqizi baseRussia abahamba phambili bokudla okulula okwe-crispy. Futhi yini, abalimi balwela ukuthengisa ngentengo ephezulu. Kokubili lokhu kwesaba kuyiqiniso ngendlela yabo, kusho u-Alexei Plugov, oyinhloko ye-AB-Center, ingcweti kanye nengosi yokuhlaziya yezamabhizinisi ezolimo. Manje ukuvunwa kwamazambane ezweni lethu sekugcwele ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imakethe igcina izinga eliphezulu lamanani.
I-PLUGOV: Umuntu angase athi, ubude obungakaze bube khona ngaphambili. Uma ngonyaka odlule ngalesi sikhathi kusixhumanisi esidayisa yonke impahla izindleko zazingama-ruble ayi-8-10 ngekhilogremu, manje isezingeni lama-ruble angama-20 ngekhilogremu ngayinye. Lokho wukuthi, amanani entengo aphindwe ama-2 kunangonyaka lowo.
Indawo engaphansi kwamazambane yehlile kulo nyaka. Kungakho isivuno sincane. Kepha lesi esinye sezizathu, ngokusho kuka-Alexei Plugov; isivuno esikhulu salesi sitshalo siwela ngenxa yesizini yesibili ilandelana.
I-PLUGOV: Kwakusekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kulo nyaka. Kwathi ehlobo, izimo nazo zazingavumi kakhulu, futhi isivuno kulindeleke ukuthi sibe ngaphansi kunasonyaka owedlule, isivuno endaweni ngayinye siyaphansi ngisho. Kukhona nemibuzo mayelana nekhwalithi yesitshalo. Futhi, ake sithi, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuhlanganisa imiphumela, kepha kukonke kubi kakhulu kunangonyaka odlule: ngo-2019, ukuvunwa kwamazambane kwaba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-7,5, ngo-2020 - amathani ayizigidi ezingama-6,8. Ngo-2021, silindele ukuthi ukuqoqwa kuzokwehla ngamanye amathani ayisigidi, futhi kuzoba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-5,8.
Kodwa lezi yizibalo ezihlanganisiwe, lapho isabelo sebhubesi sihlala khona ngezinhlobo zamatafula - okuthengiswa ezitolo ezingaphansi kwelebula elithi "ukupheka" kanye "nokuthosa". Izinhlobo zezichips zibizwa ngokuthi "zezimboni", kusho uViktor Kovalev, uMqondisi Wentuthuko wengosi yePotatosystem.ru, izitolo azizidingi ngeze, abantu ngeke bazithenge.
I-KOVALYOV: Umehluko phakathi kwetafula namazambane wokucubungula kwezimboni ungaphakathi kokuqukethwe okomile nesitashi. Ngakho-ke, kuncane kuwo kumazambane etafuleni - kufika ku-16%, ngaphezulu kwesitashi esingu-16% kusetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa kwezimboni.
Lapho isitashi siba sikhulu kakhulu, izingcezu zamazambane zimunca uwoyela ngesikhathi sokuthosa, okusho ukuthi izindleko zikawoyela ziyancipha, futhi ama-chips ngokwawo akanamsoco omncane, angakhangiswa cishe njengokudla okumnandi nokunempilo. Umthengi ngamunye unolwazi lwakhe maqondana nalokhu. Kepha iqiniso lisezinombolweni: i-coronavirus ithumele abaningi emsebenzini wokude, futhi abantu banciphise uhambo lokuya ezindaweni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, kumabhayisikobho nasezitolo zokudlela. Amafilimu manje abukwa kakhulu kuma-laptops nakumathebulethi ngaphansi kwengubo futhi kunepakethe lamachips ezandleni zawo. Inani labo lokuthengisa lenyuke ngesikhathi sobhadane eRussia ngo-20%. Yiqiniso, abakhiqizi baqala ukwakha imigqa emisha yokulungiselela nokupakisha. Kepha abanamazambane anele - yilokhu okuchaza empeleni izitatimende ezizwakalayo mayelana nokushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngoba, kusho uViktor Kovalev, kungenzeka ukuthi akhe isitshalo ngonyaka, kepha amazambane ngeke akhule masinyane kuye.
I-KOVALYOV: Iqiniso ngukuthi ukukhulisa amazambane wuhlelo lwesikhathi eside; namuhla awukwazi ukunquma ukuthenga imbewu kwenye indawo bese uyitshala ngezinga lezimboni. Lona ngumsebenzi ophelele osuka ekukhuleni usuka kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-meristem, ukhula usuka ekhejini lama-mini-tubers, insimu yokuqala "super elite", kuya ekukhiqizweni kokuqala. Lolu uhlelo kuze kube yiminyaka engu-5. Ngakho-ke, ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukunquma ngokushesha ukuthi, lapha, ake sikhule amazambane ukuze kusetshenzwe ezimbonini.
Sithatha ibhakede lamazambane entwasahlobo, siwabeka emigodini, silinde izinyanga ezi-3 bese siqoqa amabhakede ama-4 - bonke abanikazi bamakotishi asehlobo nabomdabu basemaphandleni basebenza ngalolu lwazi olulula lwe-agronomic. Kepha ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwaleli siko kwehluke kancane, kuphawula uViktor Kovalev, futhi akuyona indawo ejwayelekile kangako. Kuze kube namuhla, amapulazi amaningi, njengoba efake imbewu emhlabeni, athembele, ngokwesibonelo, ekuniseleni kwemvelo.
I-KOVALYOV: Abantu abaningi batshala amazambane ngokobuchwepheshe obudala, ngaphandle kokunisela, futhi bathole isivuno samathani angama-20-25 ngehektha ngalinye. Futhi izinkampani ezitshala amazambane aniselwa zazi bonke ubuchwepheshe futhi zikhula ngamathani angama-60 - 70. Izinombolo, njengoba ubona, zehluka kakhulu.
Futhi ngisho namapulazi asebenza kahle kangaka awanasithakazelo esithile esikhathini esizayo sokushintshela ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zama-chips. Amanani entengo emakethe, uViktor Kovalev ukholelwa ukuthi, azowavumela ukuthi athole imali enhle, ebizwa "ngomzamo omncane."
I-KOVALYOV: I-2020 ne-2021 ikhombisa ukuthi izindleko zamazambane etafuleni ziphakeme kunezindleko zokuthenga ukuze zicutshungulwe. Ngakho-ke, akunangqondo ukuthi abalimi batshale amazambane ukuze bacutshungulwe. Bayithenga intsha kuye, bayigcine kulula, futhi ukuqaliswa kuyashesha kakhulu. Manje okufunwayo kuhle impela kumazambane etafuleni.
Kuzokwenzeka ukwenza iziphetho zokugcina ngokugcwala komkhakha wama-chips ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ngoNovemba, lapho ukuvunwa kwamazambane eRussia sekuphelile futhi kugcwalisa izisekelo zokugcina. Izilinganiso ezikude kakhulu zamanani ngokuvamile zibukeka kanjena, ngokusho kuka-Alexei Plugov.
I-PLUGOV: Njalo ngesonto kuvunwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 - isigaba esisebenza kakhulu sokuvuna. Amanani angabuyela emuva kancane, wehle. Kodwa kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi entwasahlobo intengo izoba ama-ruble angama-30 ngekhilogremu lonke. Lokho wukuthi, manje sekungama-20, kanti entwasahlobo kungaba ngama-30. Ngakho-ke, sekuvele ngoFebhuwari, amanani amaningi amazambane azongeniswa ngenkuthalo kithi - iGibhithe ngezikhathi ezithile ihlangabezana nezidingo zayo, bese - iPakistan, ne-Iran.
Ukuthengiswa kwama-chips kukhuphuke ngo-30%. Amafektri ashoda ngezinto zokusetshenziswa. Kepha lezi zikhalazo aziseseRussia. Isithombe sicishe siphindwe eSwitzerland. Nayi imibiko yabalimi enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeJalimane, eHolland naseBelgium: isivuno unyaka nonyaka siyefana, kepha indawo engaphansi kwamazambane inciphile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokulawula izinambuzane ziye zanda. Amandla abiza kakhulu futhi ukugcinwa kuzoba kubiza kakhulu ebusika obuzayo. Futhi njengoba amanani okushintshanisa okusanhlamvu nabadlwenguliwe esehle kakhulu, abalimi abaningi bazoshintshela kubo entwasahlobo - ngemali ephansi kakhulu.
Kubukeka sengathi azikho izindaba ezimnandi mayelana namazambane: "IMelika inethemba lokuthi kuzovunwa e-Idaho" - lezi yizihloko zezimboni zezimboni zaphesheya ngesonto eledlule. Lo mbuso unikeza ingxenye yesithathu yamazambane emakethe yase-US. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, kwavela izibikezelo - ngenxa yesomiso sasehlobo, isivuno sizokwehla ngo-5%, futhi izinga lizoba libi ngokwedlulele. Singathini, uma eBelarus, phakathi nokuvunwa kwamazambane, kwamenyezelwa izinhlelo zokungenisa amazambane emazweni angaphandle. Ngokokuqala ngqa kuwo wonke umlando ozimele we-republic.