I-National Union of Agricultural Insurers iyakwamukela ukwamukelwa komthetho osalungiswa mayelana nomshuwalense wezitshalo uma kunezimo eziphuthumayo e-State Duma, okwathi ngoMeyi 19 kwagunyazwa ekufundweni kwesithathu. “Okwamanje, i-NSA ilungiselela iphakethe lemibhalo edingekayo ukuze kwethulwe indawo entsha yomshuwalense wezitshalo: imithetho kamasipala esalungiswa kanye nemithetho yomshwalense. Uhlelo olusha lomshwalense luzotholakala kubalimi kakade ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela kwasekwindla,” kusho uMongameli we-NSA uKorney Bizhdov.
“Izinguquko ezamukelwe zizokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunikeza imboni yezolimo, ngaphezu kohlelo lomshwalense wezitshalo oseluvele lukhona, umkhiqizo womshwalense ongakhiqizwa ngobuningi,” kuphawula uKorney Bizhdov, umongameli weNyunyana Kazwelonke Yomshwalense Wezolimo. – Lokhu kuzoba uhlelo lomshwalense oluyisisekelo olulula futhi olungabizi kakhulu oluzoqinisekisa amapulazi anomshwalense ukuthi uma kwenzeka noma iyiphi inhlekelele yemvelo eholela ekucinyweni kwamasimu, ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zokulima amasimu alahlekile izonxeshezelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqubo yesinxephezelo somshwalense izokwenziwa ibe lula futhi isheshiswe ngangokunokwenzeka.”
"I-NSA yema emsuka wokuthuthukisa umqondo womshuwalense wezimo eziphuthumayo kanye noMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia ngo-2019. Isidingo sokuhlela ukuvikelwa komshwalense, njengoba kushintshwa ngangokunokwenzeka ezidingweni zomkhiqizi wezolimo omkhulu, sasekelwa amakomiti ezolimo azo zombili izindlu zephalamende, iqembu lezigele namasekela, ababa ababhali besinyathelo somthetho. UMnyango Wezezimali kanye neBhange LaseRussia nabo benze umnikelo omkhulu futhi bayaqhubeka nokweseka ukwethulwa komugqa omusha womshwalense wezolimo.”
Umthetho osalungiswa wokuchibiyela umthetho wamanje we-federal No. 260-FZ "Ekusekelweni kombuso emkhakheni womshwalense wezolimo ..." uhloselwe ukuhlanganisa indlela yomshuwalense wezolimo ohlelweni lokuvikela ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo uma kwenzeka inhlekelele yemvelo. . Kuhlelo lomshwalense wezolimo ngokusekelwa kombuso, umqondo wengozi entsha uvela - ukuqala kwesimo esiphuthumayo endaweni ye-agro-industrial complex. Izimo zomshuwalense ngokumelene nale ngozi zizohluka kulezo esezivele zisebenza: izokwenziwa ngenani elingadluli isigamu senani eliqinisekisiwe lesitshalo, elizonciphisa izindleko zenqubomgomo izikhathi eziningana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ekulimeni okuncane, umbuso uzokhokhela u-80% wezindleko zomshuwalense onjalo (kwamanye amapulazi, ukusekelwa okunjalo kwethulwa ngonyaka wokuqala bese kuthi kancane kancane kuncishiswe ku-50%).
"Inqubo yokuhlola umonakalo kanye nokukhokhwa komshwalense nayo izoshintsha, ezobekwa emithethweni kamasipala kanye nemithetho yomshwalense: abalimi abathintekayo bazothola isinxephezelo somshwalense wesitshalo esilahlekile esikhathini esingamasonto ambalwa kuqale isimo esiphuthumayo, kusukela ukuhlolwa kokulahleka komkhiqizo kuzosuselwa endaweni yezinkambu ezingasasebenzi. Le ndlela yesinxephezelo iyaqondakala kubalimi futhi akufanele ibangele ukuphikisa kwabo, kuyilapho izonciphisa izindleko zomshwalense wokuqhuba icala,” kuphawula umongameli we-NSA.
Izimo zamanje zomshwalense wezitshalo ezinobungozi obuningi, lapho ipulazi linxeshezelwa khona ngokulahleka okuphelele kokukhiqizwa kuso sonke isilimo esifakwe kumshuwalense uma kwenzeka isizini engalungile, zizoqhubeka nokusebenza futhi zihlale zitholakala kubalimi abazokwazi ukuyithenga ngesisekelo somxhaso kanye nomshwalense wesimo esiphuthumayo. “Umshwalense wezitshalo ezinobungozi obuningi usuzibonakalisile ezifundeni ezinesivuno esikhulu,” kuphawula umongameli we-NSA. Ngo-2020, abalimi bezitshalo bathola ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,6 ezinkokhelo zomshwalense ngaphansi kwalezo zinqubomgomo, nenani eliphelele lomshwalense ngaphansi kwalezi zinkontileka elingana nama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3,5. I-NSA ikholelwa ukuthi lesi siqondiso sizoqhubeka sidingeka phakathi kwabalimi bezitshalo ezindaweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, umshwalense onjalo udingeka kakhulu ngamabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo, angabeka imali ebalulekile yokuvikela ezingozini, futhi abasebenzi bochwepheshe basivumela ukuthi sikhethe izimo ezifanele zokuvikela umshwalense ngekhwalithi ephezulu. "
Ngo-2019-2020, uhlelo lomshwalense wezolimo olusekelwa uhulumeni lubuyisele ukusebenza kwalo ngemuva kokuwohloka komnotho okudalwe ukumiswa koxhaso ezifundeni eziningi ngesikhathi salokho okubizwa ngokuthi “umxhaso owodwa”. Indawo enomshwalense inyuke izikhathi ezi-2 eminyakeni emi-5 - isuka kumahektha ayizigidi eziyi-1,2 ngo-2018 yaya kumahektha ayizigidi ezi-5,6 ngo-2020.
"Ngokusho kwe-NSA, ngesikhathi samanje sokuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo, kusukela ngoMeyi 1, abalimi baseRussia sebevele bafaka umshuwalense wamahektha angu-530, okungama-21% ngaphezu kwenkomba efanayo ngosuku olufanayo ngonyaka odlule (amahektha angu-439). Kodwa-ke, ukumbozwa kwezitshalo ngomshwalense akukanele ukuhlinzeka ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zezwe ngokuvikelwa okuphelele - ngo-2020 kuphela izindawo ezihlwanyelwe ezitshaliwe zaqinisekiswa ngo-7%, ngo-2021 ukwanda kuya ku-8-10% kungenzeka. Ukwethulwa komshwalense ophuthumayo kuzosiza ukuxazulula le nkinga, kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uhlelo olusha luzovivinywa ngokusebenza ngo-2022, futhi ngo-2023-2024, i-NSA ilindele ukufinyelela ekufinyeleleni okubalulekile okungenani kwezitshalo ezingama-30%, ngokusho kwesilinganiso esiqinile, "kusho uMongameli we-NSA uKorney Bizhdov.
UKUKHOLELWA
Inguqulo yomthetho inikeza:
- incazelo yomqondo wesimo esiphuthumayo ngezinhloso zomshwalense wezolimo;
- ukwethulwa komshwalense ngokumelene nengozi yokulahlekelwa izitshalo zezolimo noma ukutshalwa kwamasimu angapheli uma kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo zemvelo;
- ukukhulisa izinga lemixhaso yombuso ngezindleko zokulima okuncane komshwalense ngokumelene nengozi yezimo eziphuthumayo kuze kufike ku-80% wemali ekhokhwayo yomshwalense (namuhla umbuso ukhokha kuze kufike ku-50% wezindleko zomshwalense);
- amathuba okufaka izinhlelo ezengeziwe ohlelweni ngokusekelwa kombuso;
- izindlela ezintsha zokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezimali zohlelo lomshwalense wezolimo.
Ngokusho kwe-Federal Law No. 260-F3 "On State Support in the Sphere of Agricultural Insurance", eRussia, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesistimu ephakathi, ukusekelwa kombuso kunikezwa umshwalense wezingozi zokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, ukufuywa kwezilwane kanye nokuhweba emanzini. . Kusukela ngo-January 1, 2016, inhlangano eyodwa yama-Russian wonke, i-National Union of Agricultural Insurers, ibisebenza emakethe yomshwalense wezolimo ngokusekelwa umbuso. Izinkampani zomshwalense kuphela-amalungu enyunyana anelungelo lokuphothula izinkontileka zomshwalense ngokusekelwa nguhulumeni; umshwalense wenziwa ngesisekelo semithetho ejwayelekile efanayo yohlelo ngalunye lomshwalense.