U-Alexey Krasilnikov, umqondisi omkhulu wePotato Union
Ngokuya ngemininingwane evela ezifundeni, singacabanga ukuthi ukuvuna amazambane emkhakheni wezimboni waseRussia kuzoba okungenani amathani ayizigidi eziyi-7. Kepha imiphumela yokugcina izofingqwa ekupheleni kwekwindla, ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokuvuna.
UKUNCIPHA IZINDAWO, UKWANDA KWENDAWO
Ekubuyekezweni kwangaphambilini, okushicilelwe ekuqaleni kukaJuni, lapho ukutshalwa kwamazambane ezifundeni eziningi kusaqhubeka, sicabanga ukuthi, siholwa yimibiko evela ezifundeni kanye nesibikezelo soMnyango Wezolimo seRussian Federation, ukuthi indawo yokulima lesi sitshalo emkhakheni wezimboni izokwanda kulo nyaka. Kepha okulindelwe akugcwalisekanga: ngokusho kukaRosstat, amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2020 abelwe amazambane ngo-280,8: ngakho-ke, izinhlangano zezolimo zinciphise indawo ngo-9,1%, amapulazi abalimi - ngo-4,6%. Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi ngo-2019, amazambane ayetshalwa endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-302,3.
Kungakabi yisikhathi ukukhuluma ngemiphumela yesizini ka-Agasti. Kuze kube manje, singabona kuphela ukuthi ukuhlanzwa sekuqalile futhi kuqhubeka ngejubane elihle. Ngokwezibalo ezivela eMnyangweni Wezolimo waseRussia, kusukela ngo-Agasti 20, amazambane emabhizinisini ezolimo nasemapulazini abalimi (amapulazi) avunwa endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-24,2, noma u-8,6% wendawo ehlwanyelwe, kwembiwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-626,8 ngesivuno sezikhungo ezingama-259,5 / ha. Izibalo zisondele emiphumeleni yonyaka odlule ngosuku olufanayo. Ngokuvamile, konke kuhamba kahle, futhi isilinganiso sesivuno esiphakeme siphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule (yize le datha izolungiswa ngokuqinisekile ngemuva kokuvunwa kwezinhlobo zakamuva).
Impumelelo ephezulu ngokuya ngesivuno njengamanje ikhonjiswa yisifunda saseStavropol - amasentimitha angama-367 / ha (amasentimitha angama-35 ngaphezu konyaka odlule). Isifunda sase-Oryol sisendaweni yesibili - 357 c / ha (kepha ngonyaka ngaphambili bekuyi-417 c / ha). Uma sikhuluma ngezifunda eziphambili "zamazambane", kufanelekile ukugqamisa isifunda sase-Astrakhan - 340 centners / ha (+ 40 centents uma kuqhathaniswa nomphumela wangonyaka odlule), iSamara - 300 centners / ha (200 centners / ha ngo-2019), iTula - 255 centners / ha (251 c / ha ngo-2019) esifundeni. Umphumela omuhle ukhonjiswe yisifunda seVolgograd - 285 c / ha (266 c / ha ngo-2019). Ukwehla okuncane kwaphawulwa esifundeni saseTyumen - 286 c / ha (299 c / ha ngo-2019). Izithelo eziphansi njengamanje zirekhodwa ezifundeni zaseKirov, Pskov, Leningrad, Novgorod, ezichazwa yizimo zezulu ezinzima kulezi zifunda.
ISIMO SEZULU
Kufanele kushiwo amagama ambalwa ngezimo zezulu zesizini. Ihlobo kuvele kwaba nzima, ikakhulukazi e-Urals, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, ethintwe yisomiso. Ezifundeni eziningi (izindawo ezithile zaseNovosibirsk, eChelyabinsk, e-Altai Territory), umbuso ophuthumayo wamenyezelwa. Ingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia yayinezinkinga zayo: isibonelo, ingxenye esenyakatho yesifunda saseMoscow, izifunda eziningi zesifunda saseNorthwestern Federal zahlushwa imvula ngokweqile. Mayelana nalokhu, izindleko zemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo zikhuphuke kakhulu, kwakudingeka ukulwa ne-bacteriosis, futhi ukulimala sekwedlule isikhathi kwadala ukulimala emapulazini amaningi. Sekuvele kucacile ukuthi ukuminyana kwamanzi kuzothinta hhayi kuphela inani lokuvuna, kepha futhi nezinga lamazambane etafula kanye nembewu.
IZINHLELO
Ngeshwa, okwamanje angikwazi ukukhetha izitayela ezinhle zabakhiqizi bezolimo. Okwamanje, izinga lentengo lihambisana nezinkomba zonyaka odlule, kanti kwezinye izindawo liphansi ngo-7-10% kunalezi zinkomba.
UKUNIKEZELWA KWEZIMBANE EMAZINI WAKUFAR EAST
I-Potato Union izwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngesimo saseMpumalanga Ekude. Okwamanje, izifunda ezikule ngxenye yezwe azikhiqizi amazambane nemifino ngenani elidingekayo lokuzimela. Iningi lomkhiqizo wezitshalo lithengwa eChina (abaningi bayakhumbula ukuthi ukuvalwa kwemingcele kule ntwasahlobo ngokushesha kuholele ekushodeni nasekukhuphukeni okukhulu kwamanani ezimakethe zendawo). Ngasikhathi sinye, ochwepheshe bemboni baqaphela ukuthi indlela yamazambane amaShayina eya eRussia ingavinjelwa hhayi kuphela ngenxa ye-coronavirus: kule sizini, imizamo eminingana isivele iqoshwe ukungenisa amaqoqo amazambane atheleleke ngokubola okunsundu ezweni lethu. URosselkhoznadzor nganoma yisiphi isikhathi angaqala ukusebenza noMbuso Wasezulwini ngokwesimo saseGibhithe (okungukuthi, ukuvimbela izimpahla ezivela emapulazini athile nasezifundeni).
Vele, iRussia inamazambane ayo anele, kanti okwamanje uMnyango Wezolimo usalungisa izingqinamba zokwabiwa kwemali yokunxephezela izindleko zokuhlelela ukuthuthwa kwezitimela kubakhiqizi bezolimo abazonikeza amazambane nemifino eMpumalanga Ekude. Kepha kucatshangwa ukuthi kuphela ama-agrarians ezifunda zikahulumeni zase-Ural naseSiberia azobamba iqhaza kule nqubo, okungukuthi, yilezo zifunda ezihlupheke kakhulu kunesomiso kulo nyaka. IPotato Union yaphakamisa ukuthi kwengezwe abakhiqizi bezifunda zeVolga naseCentral Federal District ohlwini lwabaphakeli, kepha kuze kube manje lo mbono awukasekelwa umnyango.
Abamele Izitimela ZaseRussia nabo bayangabaza ngamathemba okulethwa kwamazambane nemifino esifundeni iFar Eastern Federal District: kusobala ukuthi izitimela zizobuyela emuva phakathi kwengxenye yezwe ngaphandle kwempahla. Ngokuvamile, kulokhu kunemibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo.
UKUTHENGISWA KANYE NOKUNGENISWA KWEZAMBANE
Sonke siyabona ukuthi isimo esinjani iRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus ekuso manje. Kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi imicimbi izokhula kanjani ngokuqhubekayo, kepha asikwazi ukukubeka eceleni ukwehla kwevolumu (noma ukumiswa okuphelele) kokuphakelwa kwamazambane kulelizwe. Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi sikhuluma ngenani elikhulu: ngokwezibalo zePatato Union, cishe ngonyaka kunikezwa cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 amazambane aseBelarusian. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhishwa kwe-niche enjalo emakethe kungahlolwa njengomkhuba omuhle wabakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia, kepha masingakhohlwa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwembewu yamazambane ezinhlobonhlobo zaseBelarusian, ezithandwa kakhulu ezweni lethu, nakho kungama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sikhuluma ngeBelarus, asikhulumi ngokungeniswa kuphela, kepha futhi nangokuthunyelwa kwamazambane emazweni angaphandle: ukuvalwa kwemingcele kuzosho ukulahleka kweziteshi zokulethwa kwamazambane e-Ukraine, Moldova naseSerbia.
Siphinde futhi silandele eduze isimo sezinto e-Ukraine. Ngonyaka odlule, inani elirekhodiwe (cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200) amazambane aseRussia lalethwa kuleli, futhi lokhu akunakwa ngaphandle kwemithwalo ethunyelwe ezifundeni zaseDonbass. Kule nkathi, abakhiqizi bezolimo base-Ukraine, yize izimo zabo zezulu bezinzima (khumbula, isibonelo, izimvula ezinamandla ezikhuthele iWestern Ukraine ekupheleni kukaJuni), balindele ukuthi bazothola isivuno esihle, futhi amanani ayo azokwanela izidingo izakhamuzi. Kepha, futhi, okuningi kuzoya ngezimo zokuvuna.
Ihlobo lika-2020 kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu (ePoland, eJalimane, eNetherlands) lidlule ngaphandle kwezinhlekelele zemvelo ezinkulu, futhi ukuntuleka kwamazambane akulindelekile lapho. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukulethwa kwamazambane embewu yaseYurophu eRussia nakho kuzohamba kahle. URosselkhoznadzor ukhathazekile ngesimo sempilo eNetherlands futhi uhlose ukuphinda enze umthetho wokusebenzisana phakathi kwamaqembu, ukuhlinzekela ukuhlolwa esizeni. Njengoba kuvalwe imingcele, kungaba nzima ukuhlela lolu hambo. Vele, senza imizamo yokunciphisa lesi simo, kepha abathengi bezimbewu kudingeka bacabangele zonke izingozi ezihilelekile.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele sivume ukuthi imboni yaseRussia ekhulisa amazambane isencike kakhulu ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwezibalo zePatato Union, esikhathini esimaphakathi, ukungeniswa kwembewu yamazambane evela emazweni e-EU kuzohlala ezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi ngonyaka. Ukushoda okukhethekile kubonakala engxenyeni yokucutshungulwa kwezimboni (ama-chips, amafriji, isitashi), lapho kungekho zinhlobo ezihlukile zokukhethwa kwasekhaya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivolumu yokungeniswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ekhulayo ikhula minyaka yonke. (ku-in vitro ama-microplants nama-microtubers, ama-minitubers), okungokwemvelo, kunikezwe umkhuba wokwenziwa kwendawo ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yokukhethwa kwamanye amazwe eRussia. Ukungeniswa kwempahla enjalo kwenza ukuthi kube nokwehla izingozi zokuhlanzeka kwezempilo, izindleko zezimbewu zesikhathi esizayo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yazo nokuqinisa ukuphepha kokudla kombuso.
UKUQINQA
Ngingathanda ukugqamisa umcimbi obalulekile kuwo wonke umkhakha: isitshalo seLam Weston Belaya Dacha siphinde savulwa. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula okuphoqelelwe ngesikhathi sobhadane, inkampani yenza umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe futhi manje isilungele ukubamba.
Ngifisa futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwesaba kwethu okuhlobene nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthunyelwa eRussia kwamafriji aseFrance ngonyaka odlule, akhiqizwa eYurophu futhi awathengiswanga lapho ngenxa yalolu bhubhane, akuzange kugcwaliseke. Yize lesi simo kungenzeka kakhulu, ngoba abaseYurophu basho ukuthi banamathani ayizigidi ezi-2 zomkhiqizo ezinqolobaneni zabo. Ukuhamba kwemikhiqizo ngamanani alahliwe kungalimaza kakhulu imakethe yethu, kodwa ngenhlanhla lokhu akwenzekanga.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2020, silindele ukwethulwa kwamaphrojekthi amasha wokucubungula amazambane, kepha sizokutshela okuningi ngalokhu ngemuva kokuqala komsebenzi wabo.
IZIMBONI UMSEBENZI
Ngokwesiko i-Potato Union imema bonke ababambiqhaza bezimakethe ukuba beze engqungqutheleni, esiyihlela njengengxenye yohlelo lwebhizinisi lombukiso wama-22 wezolimo nezimboni waseRussia "i-Golden Autumn". Ingqungquthela yalo nyaka iqanjwe njengeziteshi ezintsha zokusabalalisa kanye nemikhiqizo emisha. Ngesikhathi sezinkulumo zabo, ochwepheshe bazonaka kakhulu ukuxoxa ngeziteshi zokuthengisa ezithembisayo zamazambane nemifino (kanye nemikhiqizo yabo esetshenzisiwe).
Ingqungquthela izobanjwa eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Okthoba, ngenxa yezimo ezikhona manje izobanjelwa ku-inthanethi, kodwa siyethemba ukuthi ngenxa yalokhu sizokwazi ukukhulisa kakhulu ababukeli bethu futhi sihlanganise ochwepheshe abavela kulo lonke elaseRussia.